CN109301832B - Section flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraint - Google Patents

Section flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraint Download PDF

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CN109301832B
CN109301832B CN201810589903.6A CN201810589903A CN109301832B CN 109301832 B CN109301832 B CN 109301832B CN 201810589903 A CN201810589903 A CN 201810589903A CN 109301832 B CN109301832 B CN 109301832B
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generator set
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CN109301832A (en
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贺小平
王星华
鲁迪
黄梓晴
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Guangdong University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H02J3/06—Controlling transfer of power between connected networks; Controlling sharing of load between connected networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]

Abstract

The invention discloses a section flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraint, which adopts a genetic algorithm to carry out optimization solution, comprehensively considers the influence of the output of a generator set, the load of a receiving end and the load distribution on the section flow in a power transmission section, and strives to obtain the maximum line utilization rate under the condition that the section flow is not overloaded, thereby achieving the aim of minimizing the load shedding amount. Under the operation mode of the power transmission section N-1, a system dispatcher safely controls the section tide according to the obtained output of the generator set and the load shedding scheme so as to improve the section tide balance degree and the stability of the power system.

Description

Section flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraint
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power flow optimization of power systems, in particular to a section power flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraints.
Background
At present, the control method of the section power flow in the power system mainly includes a control method based on sensitivity analysis, a control method based on power flow tracking, and the adoption of flexible alternating current transmission equipment (FACTS). The method can not realize large-range directional control of the section tide based on a sensitivity analysis method, wherein the method improves the full-load condition of a line by analyzing the influence degree of the output of a generator set on the balance degree of a power transmission section and adjusting the output of the generator set based on a variance sensitivity method, but does not consider the influence of the load of a receiving end network of the power transmission section and the distribution change thereof on the section tide. The control method based on the power flow tracking is to perform the power flow tracking on the branch of the section to determine the control node of the generator and the corresponding generation adjustment amount, but the power flow tracking is complex in calculation, and the method only controls the total power flow of the section and cannot meet different targets of power flow variation of each branch in the section. Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) equipment can effectively control section flow, but the FACTS equipment is expensive in manufacturing cost, and the FACTS equipment cannot be installed on all sections. Therefore, the above section flow control methods are all to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve one or more defects and provides a section flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraints.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme is as follows:
a section flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraints comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting operation data of a power grid in a certain area to perform load flow calculation;
s2: on the basis of load flow calculation, respectively calculating the variance sensitivity of each generator set to a load flow section, and according to the variance sensitivity d sigma of each generator set2/dPgkScreening the generator set with the maximum variance sensitivity according to the absolute value of the parameter;
s3: defining calculation parameters and iteration times of a genetic algorithm, and randomly generating a variable population of [ generator set output, load shedding amount ];
s4: updating the operation mode of the transmission section, and calculating the power flow in the N-1 operation mode even if one line of the section exits from operation;
s5: using a GAGenAdjust function in a GA algorithm, optimizing the output of the generator set by taking the minimum margin of the section line as a target, and recording the load shedding amount in the operation mode;
s6: updating the output scheme of the generator set, calculating the section load flow, entering an AdjustKadjustPLD function, and adjusting each load shedding individual in the population so that the section is not overloaded and at least one line is fully loaded;
s7: calculating the fitness of each individual in the population, namely calculating the target function as a section trend variance value of the individual under the output scheme of the generator set;
s8: executing the basic steps of genetic algorithm, namely selecting, crossing and mutating, and reinserting parent particles into offspring to form a new population;
s9: updating the output scheme of the generator set, calculating the section load flow, entering an AdjustKadjustPLD function, and adjusting each load shedding individual in the population so that the section is not overloaded and at least one line is fully loaded;
s10: recording the optimal value of each generation, and if the iteration times are equal to a set value, returning to the GA algorithm to obtain an optimal solution; otherwise, execution continues with step S7.
Preferably, step S1 is to calculate the distribution of the active power, the reactive power and the voltage in the power grid by using the power system load flow calculation software package MATPOWER.
Preferably, step S2 includes the steps of:
s2.1: calculating the variance of the load rate of the section line:
assuming that the number of the branch lines of the cross section is N, the load factor of the cross section line is represented by the following formula
Figure BDA0001690400900000021
In the formula, PljThe active power actually transmitted on the jth branch; pljmaxThe maximum value of the active power transmitted on the jth branch is obtained;
in probability statistics, the variance is used as a measure of the degree of statistical distribution, and reflects the degree of dispersion of data; the basic formula for variance is:
Figure BDA0001690400900000022
in the formula, the nodes i and j are the first and last voltage nodes of the section branch; pijThe active power actually transmitted on the branch with the first node and the last node being i and j;
Figure BDA0001690400900000023
is Rlj(j ═ 1,2,. N) average load rate;
s2.2: calculating line variance sensitivity:
the variance sensitivity can thus be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001690400900000031
in the equation, the variance sensitivity is composed of two parts, wherein the variance of the first part is used for obtaining partial derivatives of the power flow of each branch, and the second part is used for obtaining the differential of the power output of each branch to a certain generator set; to pair
Figure BDA0001690400900000032
Further developed to obtain
Figure BDA0001690400900000033
The above formula represents the sensitivity derivation of the single branch power flow to the output of a certain generator set. While
Figure BDA0001690400900000034
Figure BDA0001690400900000035
Can be derived from the following equation:
the branch power flow formula in the power system is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA0003417437770000027
wherein I* ijIs the conjugate value of the branch current, SijIs the apparent power of the branch;
because reactive power can be compensated in situ, the influence of the transmission active power of the generator set on branch power flow balance degree is considered, the real part is sorted and extracted by the formula, and the following steps are obtained:
Pij＝2GijVj-ViVj(Gijcosθij+Bij sinθij)
wherein theta isij＝θi-θj，θijIs a voltage Vi、VjThe phase angle difference between the two phases is small,
the following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0001690400900000036
Figure BDA0001690400900000037
Figure BDA0001690400900000038
Figure BDA0001690400900000039
preferably, step S5 includes the steps of:
s5.1: considering the overlapping influence of the two factors on the section tide distribution, the maximum line utilization rate under the condition that the section tide is not overloaded is obtained in an effort to minimize the load shedding amount, and the objective function can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001690400900000041
constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure BDA0001690400900000042
wherein PGiThe output of the ith generating set; PD (photo diode)jIs the load demand of the receiving end j; t isk(S) in the operating state S the k-th line hasWork power;
Figure BDA0001690400900000043
the active power limit value of the kth line; ND, NG, L are the collection of receiving end network load, generating set, section operation circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) under the operation mode of the transmission section N-1, the maximum line utilization rate under the condition that the section tide is not overloaded can be achieved by simultaneously adjusting the output of the generator set and the load shedding, so that the load capacity is minimized. The invention improves the adjusting effect;
2) the method adopts the genetic algorithm to carry out optimization solution on the proposed optimization model, and has the characteristics of high operation speed, high precision and the like compared with the traditional solution method;
3) the section tidal current optimization control mode is suitable for static safety analysis of a power system, has a good adjusting effect on the overload condition of a tidal current section branch, and can improve the balance degree of section tidal current and enhance the safety of a power grid.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a sectional wiring diagram of a local power grid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
the invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a cross-sectional power flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraints includes the following steps:
s1: collecting operation data of a power grid in a certain area to perform load flow calculation;
s2: on the basis of load flow calculation, respectively calculating the variance sensitivity of each generator set to a load flow section, and according to the variance sensitivity d sigma of each generator set2/dPgkIs sensitive to the screening of variance from absolute values ofThe generator set with the largest degree;
s3: defining calculation parameters and iteration times of a genetic algorithm, and randomly generating a variable population of [ generator set output, load shedding amount ];
s4: updating the operation mode of the transmission section, and calculating the power flow in the N-1 operation mode even if one line of the section exits from operation;
s5: using a GAGenAdjust function in a GA algorithm, optimizing the output of the generator set by taking the minimum margin of the section line as a target, and recording the load shedding amount in the operation mode;
s6: updating the output scheme of the generator set, calculating the section load flow, entering an AdjustKadjustPLD function, and adjusting each load shedding individual in the population so that the section is not overloaded and at least one line is fully loaded;
s7: calculating the fitness of each individual in the population, namely calculating the target function as a section trend variance value of the individual under the output scheme of the generator set;
s8: executing the basic steps of genetic algorithm, namely selecting, crossing and mutating, and reinserting parent particles into offspring to form a new population;
s9: updating the output scheme of the generator set, calculating the section load flow, entering an AdjustKadjustPLD function, and adjusting each load shedding individual in the population so that the section is not overloaded and at least one line is fully loaded;
s10: recording the optimal value of each generation, and if the iteration times are equal to a set value, returning to the GA algorithm to obtain an optimal solution; otherwise, execution continues with step S7.
In this embodiment, step S1 is specifically to calculate the distribution of active power, reactive power, and voltage in the power grid by using the power flow calculation software package MATPOWER.
In this embodiment, step S2 includes the following steps:
s2.1: calculating the variance of the load rate of the section line:
assuming that the number of the branch lines of the cross section is N, the load factor of the cross section line is represented by the following formula
Figure BDA0001690400900000051
In the formula, PljThe active power actually transmitted on the jth branch; pljmaxThe maximum value of the active power transmitted on the jth branch is obtained;
in probability statistics, the variance is used as a measure of the degree of statistical distribution, and reflects the degree of dispersion of data; the basic formula for variance is:
Figure BDA0001690400900000061
in the formula, the nodes i and j are the first and last voltage nodes of the section branch; pijThe active power actually transmitted on the branch with the first node and the last node being i and j;
Figure BDA0001690400900000062
is Rlj(j ═ 1,2,. N) average load rate;
s2.2: calculating line variance sensitivity:
the variance sensitivity can thus be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001690400900000063
in the equation, the variance sensitivity is composed of two parts, wherein the variance of the first part is used for obtaining partial derivatives of the power flow of each branch, and the second part is used for obtaining the differential of the power output of each branch to a certain generator set; to pair
Figure BDA0001690400900000064
Further developed to obtain
Figure BDA0001690400900000065
The above formula represents the sensitivity derivation of the single branch power flow to the output of a certain generator set. While
Figure BDA0001690400900000066
Figure BDA0001690400900000067
Can be derived from the following equation:
the branch power flow formula in the power system is as follows:
Figure 68814DEST_PATH_FDA0003417437770000027
wherein I* ijIs the conjugate value of the branch current, SijIs the apparent power of the branch;
because reactive power can be compensated in situ, the influence of the transmission active power of the generator set on branch power flow balance degree is considered, the real part is sorted and extracted by the formula, and the following steps are obtained:
Pij＝2GijVj-ViVj(Gijcosθij+Bij sinθij)
wherein theta isij＝θi-θj，θijIs a voltage Vi、VjThe phase angle difference between the two phases is small,
the following can be obtained:
Figure BDA0001690400900000071
Figure BDA0001690400900000072
Figure BDA0001690400900000073
Figure BDA0001690400900000074
in this embodiment, step S5 includes the following steps:
s5.1: considering the overlapping influence of the two factors on the section tide distribution, the maximum line utilization rate under the condition that the section tide is not overloaded is obtained in an effort to minimize the load shedding amount, and the objective function can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0001690400900000075
constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure BDA0001690400900000076
wherein PGiThe output of the ith generating set; PD (photo diode)jIs the load demand of the receiving end j; t isk(S) is the active power of the kth line in the running state S;
Figure BDA0001690400900000077
the active power limit value of the kth line; ND, NG, L are the collection of receiving end network load, generating set, section operation circuit.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the number of nodes of a power grid in a certain area is 31, wherein 1,2, 3, 4 and 31 are generator sets, and the tidal current section is 6 power transmission branches, namely 3 branches of 7-5 nodes and three branches of 9-6 nodes. The 7-5 branch circuits are three parallel transmission lines, only two lines are arranged in the 7-5 branch circuits during early-stage power grid planning, and one line is additionally arranged in the later stage due to power supply requirements, so that the parameters of the line additionally arranged in the later stage are different from those of the two lines in the earlier stage. In actual operation, three transmission lines have different transmission powers, so that one line or two lines are easily overloaded, and the section is subjected to power flow control.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A section flow optimization control method based on N-1 static safety constraints is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: collecting operation data of a power grid in a certain area to perform load flow calculation;
s2: on the basis of load flow calculation, respectively calculating the variance sensitivity of each generator set to a load flow section, and according to the variance sensitivity d sigma of each generator set2/dPgkScreening the generator set with the maximum variance sensitivity according to the absolute value of the parameter;
s3: defining calculation parameters and iteration times of a genetic algorithm, and randomly generating a variable population of [ generator set output, load shedding amount ];
s4: updating the operation mode of the transmission section, and calculating the power flow in the N-1 operation mode even if one line of the section exits from operation;
s5: using a GAGenAdjust function in a GA algorithm, optimizing the output of the generator set by taking the minimum margin of the section line as a target, and recording the load shedding amount in the operation mode;
s6: updating the output scheme of the generator set, calculating the section load flow, entering an AdjustKadjustPLD function, and adjusting each load shedding individual in the population so that the section is not overloaded and at least one line is fully loaded;
s7: calculating the fitness of each individual in the population, namely calculating the target function as a section trend variance value of the individual under the output scheme of the generator set;
s8: executing the basic steps of genetic algorithm, namely selecting, crossing and mutating, and reinserting parent particles into offspring to form a new population;
s9: updating the output scheme of the generator set, calculating the section load flow, entering an AdjustKadjustPLD function, and adjusting each load shedding individual in the population so that the section is not overloaded and at least one line is fully loaded;
s10: recording the optimal value of each generation, and if the iteration times are equal to a set value, returning to the GA algorithm to obtain an optimal solution; otherwise, execution continues with step S7.
2. The method for controlling cross-section flow optimization under the N-1 static safety constraints as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S1 is to calculate the distribution of active power, reactive power and voltage in the power grid by using a power system flow calculation software package MATPOWER.
3. The method for optimizing and controlling the section flow based on the N-1 static safety constraints as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 comprises the following steps:
s2.1: calculating the variance of the load rate of the section line:
assuming that the number of cross-section branches is N, the load factor of the cross-section line is generally expressed by the following formula
Figure FDA0003417437770000021
In the formula, PljThe active power actually transmitted on the jth branch; pljmaxThe maximum value of the active power transmitted on the jth branch is obtained;
in probability statistics, the variance is used as a measure of the degree of statistical distribution, and reflects the degree of dispersion of data; the basic formula for variance is:
Figure FDA0003417437770000022
in the formula, the nodes i and j are the first and last voltage nodes of the section branch; pijThe active power actually transmitted on the branch with the first node and the last node being i and j;
Figure FDA0003417437770000023
is Rlj(j＝1,2, N);
s2.2: calculating line variance sensitivity:
the variance sensitivity can thus be expressed as:
Figure FDA0003417437770000024
in the equation, the variance sensitivity is composed of two parts, wherein the variance of the first part is used for obtaining partial derivatives of the power flow of each branch, and the second part is used for obtaining the differential of the power output of each branch to a certain generator set; to pair
Figure FDA0003417437770000025
Further developed to obtain
Figure FDA0003417437770000026
The above formula represents the sensitivity derivation of the single branch power flow to the output of a certain generator set;
the branch power flow formula in the power system is as follows:
Figure FDA0003417437770000027
wherein I* ijIs the conjugate value of the branch current, SijIs the apparent power of the branch; since the reactive power is compensated in situ, the influence of the active power transmitted by the generator set on the branch power flow balance degree is considered, the above formula is sorted and the real part is extracted, and the following steps are obtained:
Pij＝2GijVj-ViVj(Gijcosθij+Bijsinθij)
wherein theta isij＝θi-θj，θijIs a voltage Vi、VjThe phase angle difference between the two phases is small,
the following can be obtained:
Figure FDA0003417437770000031
4. the method for optimizing and controlling the section flow based on the N-1 static safety constraints as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S5 comprises the following steps:
s5.1: considering the overlapping influence of the two factors on the section tide distribution, the maximum line utilization rate under the condition that the section tide is not overloaded is obtained in an effort to minimize the load shedding amount, and the objective function can be expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0003417437770000032
constraint conditions are as follows:
Figure FDA0003417437770000033
wherein, PgiThe output of the ith generating set; PD (photo diode)jIs the load demand of the receiving end j; t isk(S) is the active power of the kth line in the running state S;
Figure FDA0003417437770000034
the active power limit value of the kth line; ND, NG, L are the collection of receiving end network load, generating set, section operation circuit.
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