CN109301221A - A kind of compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109301221A
CN109301221A CN201811188094.4A CN201811188094A CN109301221A CN 109301221 A CN109301221 A CN 109301221A CN 201811188094 A CN201811188094 A CN 201811188094A CN 109301221 A CN109301221 A CN 109301221A
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zinc oxide
nickel
electrode material
micron bar
bar electrode
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CN109301221B (en
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黄小华
吴建波
钟文武
申士杰
林燕
曹琦
曹一琦
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Taizhou University
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Taizhou University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
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  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses compound micron bar electrode materials of a kind of zinc oxide/nickel and preparation method thereof, this method are as follows: use homogeneous precipitation method, presoma is prepared by raw material of the mixed solution of zinc nitrate, nickel nitrate and ethylenediamine, is then calcined in hydrogen argon mixing reducing atmosphere and the compound micron bar material of zinc oxide/nickel is made.When the material is used for lithium ion battery negative material, have many advantages, such as that initial coulomb efficiency is high, reversible capacity is high and good cycling stability.

Description

A kind of compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery electrode materials, and in particular to a kind of compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel And preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery because monomer battery voltage is high, energy and power density are big, have extended cycle life the advantages that, already take up The leading position in secondary cell market, becomes most important electric energy storage device.The promotion of performance of lithium ion battery, mainly takes Certainly in the development of electrode material technology.In existing commercialized lithium ion battery, negative electrode material is main or traditional Graphite material, lower theoretical capacity (372 mAh/g) seriously limit the further promotion of lithium ion battery energy density.
Zinc oxide is as a kind of novel negative electrode of lithium ion battery alternative materials, and theoretical capacity is about 900 mAh/g, far Higher than graphite material.Although high capacity advantage allows it to show very big application potential, commercial applications do not have always It realizes.There are two serious problems: (1) head of zinc oxide when this is primarily due to zinc oxide directly as negative electrode material use Secondary coulombic efficiency is low.The initial coulomb efficiency of regular oxidation zinc powder powder electrode material is generally below 50%, this is because zinc oxide Discharging product for the first time (lithia and solid electrolyte membrane) cannot be decomposed completely during subsequent initial charge, charging is anti- It should be not thorough.(2) cycle performance of zinc oxide is low.Regular oxidation zinc powder powder electrode material often holds at circulation initial stage Amount makes particle this is because zinc oxide material there are serious volume expansion and is shunk in charge and discharge process with regard to sharp-decay Rapid dusting and fail.
In order to improve the chemical property of zinc oxide negative electrode material, the common conventional means of researcher are nanostructures Change.This means tend to the cyclical stability of reinforcing material, but to the raising of material initial coulomb efficiency without positive effect.It receives Rice structural material generally has high specific surface area, often leads to the generation of more side reactions, is unfavorable for coulomb effect for the first time The raising of rate.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of for negative electrode of lithium ion battery the invention aims to provide, there is high initial coulomb efficiency, reversible appearance The compound micron bar material of zinc oxide/nickel and preparation method thereof that amount and cyclical stability are all obviously improved.
A kind of preparation method of the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel, its step are as follows:
(1) homogeneous precipitation method is used, precipitation from homogeneous solution reaction preparation is carried out to the mixed solution of zinc nitrate, nickel nitrate and ethylenediamine Presoma, nitric acid zinc concentration is 0.20 ~ 0.25 mol/L in solution, and the concentration of nickel nitrate is 0.02 ~ 0.05 mol/L, second two The concentration of amine is 0.03 ~ 0.07 mol/L, and reaction temperature is 60 ~ 70oC, reaction time are 1 ~ 2 h.
(2) step (1) resulting precursor powder is calcined in hydrogen argon mixing reducing atmosphere, calcination temperature be 300 ~ 500 oC, calcination time are 0.5 ~ 3 h, obtain the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel.
In the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel, zinc oxide micron rods are matrix, and the length is 10 ~ 15 μ M, diameter are 2 ~ 3 μm, and shared mass fraction is 90% ~ 95%;Nano nickel particles are dispersed in zinc oxide micron rods matrix, matter Measuring score is 5% ~ 10%.
In the combination electrode material, the introducing of high activity metal nano nickel particles has the chemical property of material aobvious The humidification of work, compared with regular oxidation zinc powder body material, the combination electrode material has the advantages that in following performance:
One, the metallic nickel nano granule in the composite material material is made by hydrogen reducing, has high electro-chemical activity, During the charging process, it after can discharging for the first time with zinc oxide lithia generated occur to electrochemically convert reaction that (it is substantially The storage lithium mechanism of nickel oxide material), the extent of reaction that lithia participates in charging reaction is significantly increased, charging capacity is improved;It is also With high catalytic activity, during the charging process, can by discharge process for the first time because side reaction generate solid electrolyte Film decomposes under its catalytic action, can also contribute a part of charging capacity.The raising of material initial charge capacity also results in it The increase of initial coulomb efficiency, initial coulomb efficiency of the combination electrode material at 0.1 C is 70% ~ 80%, reversible for the first time Capacity is 800 ~ 900 mAh/g.
Two, uniformly compound between zinc oxide micron rods matrix and score nano nickel particles in the combination electrode material, no Material conductivity only can be enhanced, mitigate electrode polarization, the structural strength of micron bar particle can also be enhanced, inhibit material anti- Because of dusting caused by volume constantly dilation during multiple lithiumation/go lithiumation, so as to improve material circulation stability. Reversible capacity conservation rate after combination electrode material recycles 100 times at 0.1 C is 70% ~ 75%.
Three, in the combination electrode material, zinc oxide micron rods are along<001>direction preferential growth, a large amount of (001) interplanars For gap in the exposure of micron bar side, its spacing is maximum, and lithium ion passes in and out resistance minimum, therefore combination electrode material enhances its high power Rate charge-discharge performance.
Four, the combination electrode material because its particle size be micron order, the density of powder body material can be improved, effectively increase The volume and capacity ratio of made electrode.The rodlike pattern of particle can shorten the diffusion path of lithium ion, efficiently solve large scale The problem of particle increases electrode polarization because of ion diffusion path length.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to attached drawing needed in the embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution that the present invention is implemented It is briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the stereoscan photograph of the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel in embodiment.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is made below by specific embodiment and further being illustrated, but the invention is not limited to following Example.
Embodiment:
(1) homogeneous precipitation method is used, precipitation from homogeneous solution reaction preparation is carried out to the mixed solution of zinc nitrate, nickel nitrate and ethylenediamine Presoma, nitric acid zinc concentration is 0.20 mol/L in solution, and the concentration of nickel nitrate is 0.03 mol/L, and the concentration of ethylenediamine is 0.05 mol/L, reaction temperature 65oC, reaction time are 1 h.
(2) step (1) resulting precursor powder is mixed in (hydrogen-containing gas fraction 5%) reducing atmosphere in hydrogen argon and is forged It burns, calcination temperature 400oC, calcination time are 2 h, obtain the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel.
In the compound micron bar electrode material of institute's Preparing of Zinc Oxide/nickel, zinc oxide micron rods are matrix, and the length is 10 ~ 15 μ M, diameter are 2 ~ 3 μm, mass fraction 92%;Metallic nickel nano granule is dispersed in zinc oxide micron rods matrix, quality Score is 8%.
Electrode material is prepared into slurry and working electrode is made.Electrode slurry is by the compound micron bar electrode of zinc oxide/nickel Active material, acetylene black conductor, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder are uniformly mixed by the mass ratio of 85:7.5:7.5, are added Add N-Methyl pyrrolidone, stir and modulate into uniform sizing material, then electrode slurry is uniformly coated on copper foil, through vacuum drying, Lithium ion battery working electrode is made in the processes such as roll-in, cutting.Chemical property is carried out to electrode using CR2025 button cell Test, used is metal lithium sheet to electrode, and electrolyte is 1 mol/L LiPF6DEC+EC (volume ratio DEC:EC=1: 1) solution, diaphragm are 2400 polypropylene screen of Celgard.Battery assembling process water, oxygen concentration be below 1 ppm full of argon It is completed in the glove box of gas.After battery installs and stands 12 h, using constant current charge-discharge method, in the voltage zone of 0.02 ~ 3.0 V In, constant current charge-discharge circulation is carried out to it using the multiplying power of 0.1 C, tests its reversible capacity, initial coulomb efficiency and circulation Performance.
Relative to regular oxidation zinc powder body material, which shows fabulous chemical property, it is 0.1 Initial coulomb efficiency under C is up to 78%, and reversible capacity is 880 mAh/g for the first time, and the reversible capacity after circulation 100 times is kept Rate is 75%.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel, which is characterized in that composite material granular is with zinc oxide micron rods Matrix, the length is 10 ~ 15 μm, diameter is 2 ~ 3 μm, and mass fraction shared by zinc oxide is 90% ~ 95%;Nano nickel particles dispersion In zinc oxide micron rods matrix, mass fraction is 5% ~ 10%.
2. the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be used for lithium-ion electric When the negative electrode material of pond, during the charging process, high-activity nano metal nickel particle contained by composite material can significantly increase lithia this One discharging product participates in the extent of reaction of charging reaction, while to the decomposition tool of this electric discharge side reaction product of solid electrolyte membrane There is catalytic action, therefore material has high initial charge capacity and high initial coulomb efficiency;The combination electrode material is in 0.1 C Under initial coulomb efficiency be 70% ~ 80%, for the first time reversible capacity be 800 ~ 900 mAh/g, circulation 100 times after reversible capacity Conservation rate is 70% ~ 75%.
3. the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel according to claim 1, which is characterized in that zinc oxide micron rods Along<001>direction preferential growth, in the exposure of micron bar side, its spacing is maximum in a large amount of (001) crystal face gaps, lithium ion disengaging resistance Power is minimum, therefore combination electrode material enhances its high-rate charge-discharge capability.
4. the preparation method of the compound micron bar electrode material of zinc oxide/nickel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that including Following steps: (1) precipitation from homogeneous solution reaction is carried out to the mixed solution of zinc nitrate, nickel nitrate and ethylenediamine and prepares presoma, solution Middle nitric acid zinc concentration is 0.20 ~ 0.25 mol/L, and the concentration of nickel nitrate is 0.02 ~ 0.05 mol/L, and the concentration of ethylenediamine is 0.03 ~ 0.07 mol/L, reaction temperature are 60 ~ 70oC, reaction time are 1 ~ 2 h;(2) by step (1) resulting presoma It is calcined in hydrogen argon mixing reducing atmosphere, calcination temperature is 300 ~ 500oC, calcination time are 0.5 ~ 3 h, obtain zinc oxide/nickel Compound micron bar electrode material.
CN201811188094.4A 2018-10-12 2018-10-12 Zinc oxide/nickel composite micron rod electrode material and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN109301221B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110085816A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-08-02 深圳鸿鹏新能源科技有限公司 Transition metal oxide negative electrode material and its preparation method and application
CN111360269A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-03 南京环达新材料有限公司 Multi-stage nanostructure reinforced laminated nickel-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114016074A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-02-08 浙江大学 Preparation method and application of high-load transition metal single-atom carbon-based catalyst
CN116692962A (en) * 2023-07-27 2023-09-05 湖南埃索凯未来能源研究院有限公司 Nano/micron composite structure nickel-manganese binary precursor containing nano particles and preparation method thereof

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CN108250931A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-07-06 福建工程学院 A kind of method for preparing nanometic zinc oxide rod array/resin material composite membrane

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110085816A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-08-02 深圳鸿鹏新能源科技有限公司 Transition metal oxide negative electrode material and its preparation method and application
CN111360269A (en) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-03 南京环达新材料有限公司 Multi-stage nanostructure reinforced laminated nickel-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN111360269B (en) * 2020-04-03 2022-05-06 浙江蓝天知识产权运营管理有限公司 Multi-stage nanostructure reinforced laminated nickel-based composite material and preparation method thereof
CN114016074A (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-02-08 浙江大学 Preparation method and application of high-load transition metal single-atom carbon-based catalyst
CN114016074B (en) * 2021-10-27 2022-10-21 浙江大学 Preparation method and application of high-load transition metal single-atom carbon-based catalyst
CN116692962A (en) * 2023-07-27 2023-09-05 湖南埃索凯未来能源研究院有限公司 Nano/micron composite structure nickel-manganese binary precursor containing nano particles and preparation method thereof

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