CN109300755A - A kind of X-ray tube, irradiation chamber, X-ray source device and application - Google Patents
A kind of X-ray tube, irradiation chamber, X-ray source device and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109300755A CN109300755A CN201811224181.0A CN201811224181A CN109300755A CN 109300755 A CN109300755 A CN 109300755A CN 201811224181 A CN201811224181 A CN 201811224181A CN 109300755 A CN109300755 A CN 109300755A
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/06—Cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/06—Cathode assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J2235/16—Vessels
- H01J2235/163—Vessels shaped for a particular application
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- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Abstract
This application discloses a kind of X-ray tube, irradiation chamber, X-ray source device and applications.The X-ray tube of the application comprising cathode filament, shell, cover board and bottom plate;The inside of shell is cylindricality vacuum chamber, and the difference both ends of vacuum chamber are sealed by cover board and bottom plate;Cathode filament is wound into the structure of spring-like in the shape of a spiral, and cathode filament is installed in cylindricality vacuum chamber, and the length direction along cylindricality vacuum chamber is arranged, also, cathode filament both ends, that is, spring structure both ends are each passed through cover board and bottom plate, for connecting power supply;The inner wall of vacuum chamber is uniformly coated with heavy metal coating as anode.The X-ray tube of the application has the advantages that irradiation space is big, irradiation intensity is big, especially suitable for requiring biggish application to irradiation intensity by optimizing to its structure.The application provides a kind of X-ray tube of new performance improvement for various X-ray source devices, substantially increases the radiation treatment quality of the irradiation space utilization rate of X-ray source device.
Description
Technical field
This application involves irradiation devices fields, more particularly to a kind of X-ray tube, irradiation chamber, X-ray source device and answer
With.
Background technique
Biology irradiation is raw by the radiation exposure with ionization radiation effect of higher-energy within a predetermined period of time
Object makes illuminated organism generate biological cell chromosomal variation and gene mutation, to change or influence the property of organism
Shape, metabolic processes and hereditary capacity etc..Biology irradiation technique is at present in medical treatment, sterilization, food fresh keeping, agriculture and animal husbandry
The fields such as product mutation breeding, pest and infectious disease entomophila Anti-fertility control (SIT) achieve huge achievement.
There are mainly two types of common biology irradiation apparatus, i.e. γ source device and X-ray source device.γ source device is usually benefit
Irradiated rays are generated with radioactive isotope, have many advantages, such as that harness energy is uniform, output is constant.But its use process exist compared with
High security risk, it is stringenter to the safeguard procedures requirement of operator, especially in anti-today that probably pressure increases, for the source γ
Use limitation it is just increasing so that the utilization rate of γ source device is lower and lower.X-ray source device then with high security,
It is easy-to-use, the remarkable advantages such as can use under routine experimentation room environmental.Development with high energy hard X ray source technology with answer
With X-ray source device gradually substitutes γ source device, has been that biology radiation research and application field are obvious in world wide
Trend.
X-ray source device is mainly by X-ray tube, example platform, high voltage power supply, water cooler, irradiation chamber, control system etc.
Part forms, and wherein X-ray tube is the core component of X-ray source device.
Traditional X-ray tube is dotted filament, and the x-ray irradiation area of extraction is a conical solid angle distribution
, angle is irradiated usually between 20 °~40 °.It is equipped with the X-ray source device of this X-ray tube, X-ray tube is generally arranged at spoke
Outside according to the side wall of chamber, the circular hole that the window by opening a size and X-ray tube on the side wall of irradiation chamber matches, by X-ray
It is intracavitary to be introduced into irradiation.This X-ray source device, although outer dimension is quite big, effective irradiation space workable for reality
It is very limited, to seriously limit the service efficiency of x-ray irradiation device.
Also, existing X-ray tube, which is unable to satisfy, requires higher application to X-ray intensity, while producing around it
Raw x-ray irradiation field uniformity is poor, and irradiation space utilization rate is low, is not suitable for the biggish sample of outer dimension.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the application is to provide a kind of improved New X ray tube of structure, irradiation chamber, X-ray source device and its answers
With.
The application uses following technical scheme:
The one side of the application discloses a kind of X-ray tube comprising cathode filament, shell, cover board and bottom plate;Shell
Inside is cylindricality vacuum chamber, and the difference both ends of vacuum chamber are sealed by cover board and bottom plate;Cathode filament is wound into similar in the shape of a spiral
The structure of spring, cathode filament are installed in cylindricality vacuum chamber, and the length direction along cylindricality vacuum chamber is arranged, also, cathode modulation
Silk both ends, that is, spring structure both ends are each passed through cover board and bottom plate, for connecting power supply;The inner wall of cylindricality vacuum chamber uniformly applies
Heavy metal coating is covered with as anode.The cross section size of cylindricality vacuum chamber is consistent in principle, for example, cylindrical cavity,
The cylindricality vacuum chamber of semi-cylindrical cavity, a quarter cylindrical cavity or other structures, it will be understood that cathode filament is setting
In on the central axes of cylindricality vacuum chamber, uniform irradiation field could be more effectively obtained in this way.
It should be noted that the X-ray tube of the application is with the maximum difference of existing X-ray tube, pass through helical form
The cathode filament of winding considerably increases the length of filament, significantly improves the emission measure of cathode electronics, to significantly mention
High X-ray intensity can satisfy and require higher application to X-ray intensity.Also, the X-ray tube of the application irradiates empty
Between it is big, when cylindricality vacuum chamber is cylindrical, 360 degree around of the X-ray tube of the application can generate more uniform irradiation field,
Improve irradiation space utilization rate.
It should be noted the application X-ray tube, shell can be designed to various shape, such as this according to demand
In a kind of implementation of application, the shape of shell, that is, entire X-ray tube is arranged to semi-cylindrical, i.e. X-ray tube is horizontal
The overall appearance of section is semicircle, and corresponding cylindricality vacuum chamber is also configured as the semi-cylindrical vacuum chamber to match;In another example
It is a quarter cylinder, the i.e. overall appearance in X-ray tube cross section by housing design in another implementation of the application
For a quarter circle, corresponding cylindricality vacuum chamber is also a quarter cylinder.It is appreciated that the concrete structure design of shell
Primarily to the specific use of cooperation or position are installed, basic structure composition, such as cylindricality vacuum chamber, cathode filament, lid
Plate and bottom plate etc. be it is immovable, at most carry out the Adjusting Shapes of adaptability, such as cylindricality vacuum chamber becomes semicolumn accordingly
Shape vacuum chamber, a quarter cylinder vacuum chamber.
Preferably, cathode filament is wound into the filament wire of thin helical structure by least two finished product tungsten filament helixs, then again
By filament wire screw winding at the structure of spring-like.
It should be noted that tungsten wire to be wound into the filament wire of thin helical structure, then again in the improvement project of the application
It is wound into king bolt structure, can further improve the emission measure of cathode electronics, and then improve X-ray intensity.
Preferably, the shell of the application X-ray tube using metallic aluminium prepare, heavy metal coating with a thickness of 8-10 μm.
Preferably, heavy metal coating is coated by tungsten.
It should be noted that vacuum chamber is prepared using metallic aluminium, it is because of aluminium mechanical strength with higher, is easy to add
Work, good heat conductivity, and it is smaller to X-ray absorption;Certainly, according to different use requirements, however not excluded that can also use other
Metal material.In addition, heavy metal coating other than tungsten coating, can also be used other conventional as existing for anode
Metal coating, as coating thickness can according to used metal types or according to different product design demands and
It is fixed, it is not specifically limited herein.
Preferably, cover board and bottom plate are prepared by high-insulativity material.
Preferably, cover board and bottom plate are by ceramics or glass preparation.
It should be noted that in order to guarantee the insulation between cathode filament and vacuum chamber, a kind of implementation of the application
In, in the junction of cathode filament and vacuum chamber, i.e., at cover board and bottom plate, select the high-insulativity material with certain structural strength
Material, such as ceramics, glass etc., wherein it is preferred that using ceramics.
Preferably, on shell, the lateral wall of vacuum chamber is provided with cooling passage, is penetrated for accommodating cooling medium for X
Spool cooling.The outer wall for being actually equivalent to shell is double-layer epispores structure, and space, that is, coolant liquid between two layers of outer wall is logical
Road.
It should be noted that after high-velocity electrons strike on metal material, only 1% energy is converted into X-ray, and its
99% remaining energy is then changed into thermal energy, therefore, in a kind of implementation of the application, has in the outer layer design of vacuum chamber cold
But liquid channel, for accommodating cooling medium, cooling medium can select water or oil.It is appreciated that the purpose of cooling passage is just
It is cooling, if being not provided with cooling passage, other way can also be used, such as coolant fluid pipe is wrapped in vacuum chamber
The modes such as outer wall;But, directly cooling passage is designed in vacuum cavity outer wall, is allowed to be structure as a whole, such cooling effect
Fruit is preferable.
The another side of the application discloses a kind of irradiation chamber of X-ray tube using the application.
It is appreciated that the irradiation chamber of the application is exactly the conventional irradiation chamber for being equipped with X-ray tube, the only irradiation chamber
Using the X-ray tube of the application, therefore, have in terms of X-ray intensity, irradiation field uniformity, irradiation
It is advantageous.
Preferably, chamber cavity cylindrical is irradiated, sample stage is arranged in the center of cylindrical cavity, for placing irradiation sample
Product;The inner wall surrounding of cylindrical cavity has been evenly arranged several X-ray tubes, length direction of the X-ray tube along cylindrical cavity
Extend, the axis parallel with cylindrical cavity.
Preferably, irradiation chamber is in cuboid cavity, and sample stage is arranged in the center of cuboid cavity, for placing irradiation sample
Product;The inner wall surrounding of cuboid cavity has been evenly arranged several X-ray tubes, length direction of the X-ray tube along cuboid cavity
Extend, the axis parallel with cuboid cavity.
It should be noted that the shape of irradiation chamber can be according to different use requirements or depending on product design demand, no
It crosses, general irradiation chamber is all cylindrical or cuboid, and therefore, the application especially carries out the irradiation chamber of both shapes
Design;But, however not excluded that it can also be other shapes of irradiation chamber, as long as can all have X to penetrate using the X-ray tube of the application
The advantages that line intensity is high, irradiation field uniformity is good, irradiation space utilization rate is high.
In a kind of implementation of the application, in the irradiation chamber of cylindrical cavity, specifically penetrated using the X of three the application
Spool, three X-ray tubes are evenly distributed on the inner wall circumference of circular cavity, also, solid in order to can be good at X-ray tube
It is scheduled on circular inner wall, X-ray tube is designed using half cylindrical structure, i.e., the cross section of X-ray tube is semicircle or close
Semicircular structure.
In another implementation of the application, in the irradiation chamber of cuboid cavity, the X of four the application is specifically used
Ray tube, also, the cross section of cuboid cavity is square, and therefore, four X-ray tubes are respectively arranged at cuboid cavity
Four corners, i.e., on four square angles.Also, in order to make X-ray tube can be good at being fixed on four corners, X-ray
Pipe is designed using a quarter cylindrical structure, i.e., the cross section of X-ray tube is quadrant, can be very good to be bonded in this way
It is mounted on the right angle at four angles.
The application's discloses a kind of X-ray source device of irradiation chamber using the application on one side again.
It should be noted that the X-ray source device of the application, key is irradiation chamber or the application using the application
X-ray tube, can be referred to according to use demand as other structures, such as high voltage power supply, water cooler, control system etc.
Existing equipment, is not specifically limited herein.
The x-ray source of the X-ray tube for disclosing the application on one side again of the application, the irradiation chamber of the application or the application is set
Standby answering in medical treatment, sterilization, food fresh keeping, pesticide herd product mutation breeding or pest and infectious disease entomophila Anti-fertility control
With.
It is appreciated that the X-ray tube of the application, irradiation chamber or X-ray source device, due to, irradiation high with X-ray intensity
The advantages that field uniformity is good, irradiation space utilization rate is high, however, it would be possible to can be answered applied to existing X-ray tube or relevant device
Various fields.
The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:
The X-ray tube of the application has that irradiation space is big, irradiation intensity is big by optimizing to its structure
Advantage, especially suitable for requiring biggish application to irradiation intensity.The application provides one kind for various X-ray source devices
The X-ray tube of new performance improvement substantially increases the radiation treatment quality of the irradiation space utilization rate of X-ray source device.
The irradiation chamber for being equipped with the application X-ray tube has that space utilization rate is high, space radiation intensity is big, irradiation field space
The advantages that being evenly distributed.The superposition of especially multiple X-ray tubes not only makes the space radiation intensity for irradiating intracavitary portion in geometry times
Number increases;Moreover, further improving the uniformity of irradiation field.And the irradiation cavity space utilization rate of the application is high, and it is internal big
Segment space is test sample area, multiple sample stages can be set, especially suitable for the biggish sample of outer dimension.Therefore, originally
The X-ray tube and irradiation chamber of application are more applicable for the X-ray source device of biological irradiation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overlooking structure diagram that chamber is irradiated in the embodiment of the present application one;
Fig. 2 is the schematic perspective view of X-ray tube in the embodiment of the present application one;
Fig. 3 is the longitudal section structural schematic diagram of X-ray tube in the embodiment of the present application one;
Fig. 4 is the overlooking structure diagram that chamber is irradiated in the embodiment of the present application two;
Fig. 5 is the schematic perspective view of X-ray tube in the embodiment of the present application two.
Specific embodiment
Existing X-ray tube generallys use dotted, the structure design of similar light bulb, intensity, uniformity, Net long wave radiation
There is considerable restraint in space etc..The structure that X-ray tube is designed like to fluorescent tube of the application creativeness, cathode filament is along fluorescent tube
Length extends, also, the helical coil that cathode filament is designed like spring is coiled into structure, this not only substantially increases irradiation
Intensity, and uniformity is also greatly improved.
Therefore, the X-ray tube of the application has following distinguishing feature: (1) irradiation space is big, filament X dotted compared to tradition
Ray tube, the X-ray tube of the application in principle can around 360 ° generate more uniform irradiation field;(2) irradiation intensity is big, compares
The length of existing X-ray tube, the spiral shape cathode filament of the application greatly increases, and irradiation intensity is significantly increased.
Configure the irradiation chamber of the application X-ray tube, it may have following characteristics: (1) space utilization rate is high, and it is big to irradiate intracavitary portion
Segment space is test sample area, multiple sample stages can be set, and be suitable for the biggish sample of outer dimension;(2) space spoke
Big according to intensity, due to the superposition of multiple X-ray tubes, the space radiation intensity for irradiating intracavitary portion increases in geometric multiple;(3)
Irradiation field uniform spatial distribution, after multiple X-ray tube superpositions, the uniformity of irradiation field is further increased.
For the X-ray equipment of biological irradiation, technical indicator, that is, irradiation intensity of most critical and irradiation field space point
Cloth uniformity, therefore the X-ray tube of the application and its irradiation chamber are more applicable for the X-ray source device of biological irradiation.
The application is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.Following embodiment only to the application carry out into
One step explanation, should not be construed as the limitation to the application.
Embodiment one
The irradiation chamber of this example, as shown in Figure 1, irradiation chamber cavity 5 cylindrical, that is, irradiate the circular cross section of chamber, circle
Sample stage 51 is arranged in the center of cylindrical cavity 5, for placing irradiation sample;The inner wall surrounding of cylindrical cavity 5 has been evenly arranged
Three X-ray tubes 52, X-ray tube 52 extend along the length direction of cylindrical cavity 5, the axis parallel with cylindrical cavity 5.
I.e. three X-ray tubes 52 are evenly distributed on the circumference of round section inner wall, in principle, length and the irradiation chamber of X-ray tube
Height is quite, in other words, suitable with the irradiation spatial altitude that irradiation chamber requires.
In order to make X-ray tube can be good at being fixed on the circular arc of inner wall, X-ray tube is set using half cylindrical structure
Meter, the i.e. cross section of X-ray tube are for semicircle or close to semicircular structure, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.The X-ray tube of this example
Cathode filament 1, shell 2, cover board 3 and bottom plate 4;The inside of shell 2 is cylindricality vacuum chamber 21, in order to cooperate X-ray tube semicolumn
The structure of shape shell designs, and the cylindricality vacuum chamber 21 of this example is also the cavity of semi-cylindrical, and the difference both ends of vacuum chamber 21 are by covering
Plate 3 and bottom plate 4 seal;Cathode filament 1 is wound into the structure of spring-like in the shape of a spiral, and cathode filament 1 is installed on cylindricality vacuum
On the central axes of chamber, the length direction along cylindricality vacuum chamber 21 is arranged, and 1 both ends of cathode filament, that is, spring structure both ends are solid respectively
It is scheduled on cover board 3 and bottom plate 4, and is connected to power supply across cover board 3 and bottom plate 4;The inner wall of vacuum chamber 21 is uniformly coated with weight
For metal coating as anode, this example specifically uses the metal tungsten coating of 10 μ m-thicks.Wherein, cathode filament 1 is by least two finished products
Tungsten filament helix is wound into the filament wire of thin helical structure, then again by filament wire screw winding at the structure of spring-like;Cover board 3
It is prepared with bottom plate 4 by high-insulativity material, this example specifically uses ceramic system standby.
Also, on shell, the lateral wall of vacuum chamber 21 is provided with cooling passage 22, that is, the outer wall of shell
For double-layer structure, space, that is, cooling passage between two layers of outer wall is used to accommodate cooling medium as X-ray tube cooling.Its
In, cooling medium can use water, oil or other coolant liquids.
The X-ray tube of this example can generate more uniform irradiation fields in its semicircle, i.e., 180 ° of surrounding according to its design,
It is big to irradiate space;It is appreciated that 360 ° around of X-ray tube can generate if X-ray tube is designed as cylindrical vacuum chamber
More uniform irradiation field.Also, the spiral cathode filament structure design of the X-ray tube of this example, so that the length of cathode filament
It greatly increases, to significantly improve the irradiation intensity of X-ray tube.
The irradiation chamber of this example is evenly arranged circumferentially using three X-ray tubes, and three X-ray tube superpositions are so that this example
The intracavitary portion of irradiation space radiation intensity in geometric multiple increase, and further improve the uniformity of irradiation field.This example
Irradiation chamber, since the irradiation space of X-ray tube is big, the most of space for irradiating intracavitary portion is all test sample area, greatly
The space utilization rate for improving irradiation chamber greatly is high.
Embodiment two
The irradiation chamber of this example, as shown in figure 4, irradiation chamber is in cuboid cavity 6, also, the cross section of cuboid cavity 6 is
Sample stage 61 is arranged in the center of square, cuboid cavity 6, for placing irradiation sample;The inner wall surrounding of cuboid cavity 6 is equal
Even arrangement is there are four X-ray tube 62, i.e. four X-ray tubes are respectively arranged on four angles of square, and X-ray tube 62 is along rectangular
The length direction of body cavity 6 extends, the axis parallel with cuboid cavity 6.
For four square positions for making X-ray tube can be good at being fixed on square inner wall, X-ray tube uses four points
One of cylindrical structure design, i.e., the cross section of X-ray tube be a quarter circle structure, as shown in Figure 5.This example is in addition to X
The vacuum cavity configuration of ray tube is other than a quarter cylinder cavity and one difference of embodiment, other structures all with one phase of embodiment
Together, equally there is cooling passage on the outer wall of the vacuum chamber of the application X-ray tube.
The X-ray tube of this example can generate more uniform spokes in its a quarter circle, i.e., 90 ° of surrounding according to its design
According to field, it is big to irradiate space.Also, the X-ray tube of this example is equally designed using spiral cathode filament structure, therefore X-ray
Pipe has stronger irradiation intensity.
The irradiation chamber of this example is evenly arranged in four corners using four X-ray tubes, and four X-ray tubes are superimposed so that originally
The space radiation intensity in the intracavitary portion of irradiation of example increases in geometric multiple, equally also improves the uniformity of irradiation field.This example
Chamber is irradiated, same with higher irradiation space utilization rate similar with embodiment one.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the present application in conjunction with specific implementation manners, and it cannot be said that this Shen
Specific implementation please is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs, it is not taking off
Under the premise of from the application design, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of X-ray tube, it is characterised in that: including cathode filament (1), shell (2), cover board (3) and bottom plate (4);
The inside of the shell (2) is cylindricality vacuum chamber (21), and the both ends of vacuum chamber are sealed by cover board (3) and bottom plate (4) respectively;
The cathode filament (1) is wound into the structure of spring-like in the shape of a spiral, and cathode filament (1) is installed on cylindricality vacuum chamber
Interior, the length direction along cylindricality vacuum chamber is arranged, also, the both ends of cathode filament (1) both ends, that is, spring structure are each passed through lid
Plate (3) and bottom plate (4), for connecting power supply;
The inner wall of cylindricality vacuum chamber is uniformly coated with heavy metal coating as anode.
2. X-ray tube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cathode filament (1) is by least two finished product tungsten wires
Screw winding at thin helical structure filament wire, then again by filament wire screw winding at the structure of spring-like.
3. X-ray tube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the shell (2) is prepared using metallic aluminium, described heavy
Metal coating with a thickness of 8-10 μm;Preferably, the heavy metal coating is coated by tungsten.
4. X-ray tube according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cover board (3) and bottom plate (4) are by high-insulativity material
Material preparation;Preferably, cover board (3) and bottom plate (4) are by ceramics or glass preparation.
5. X-ray tube according to claim 1-4, it is characterised in that: the shell (on), in the outer of vacuum chamber
Side wall is provided with cooling passage (22), for accommodating cooling medium as X-ray tube cooling.
6. a kind of irradiation chamber using the described in any item X-ray tubes of claim 1-5.
7. irradiation chamber according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: irradiation chamber cavity cylindrical (5), cylindrical empty
Sample stage (51) are arranged in the center of chamber (5), for placing irradiation sample;
The inner wall surrounding of cylindrical cavity (5) has been evenly arranged several X-ray tubes (52), and X-ray tube (52) is along cylindrical empty
The length direction of chamber (5) extends, the axis parallel with cylindrical cavity (5).
8. irradiation chamber according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the irradiation chamber is in cuboid cavity (6), and cuboid is empty
Sample stage (61) are arranged in the center of chamber (6), for placing irradiation sample;
The inner wall surrounding of cuboid cavity (6) has been evenly arranged several X-ray tubes (62), and X-ray tube (62) is along cuboid sky
The length direction of chamber (6) extends, the axis parallel with cuboid cavity (6).
9. a kind of X-ray source device using the described in any item irradiation chambers of claim 6-8.
10. the described in any item irradiation chambers of X-ray tube according to claim 1-5, claim 6-8 or right
It is required that X-ray source device described in 9 is in medical treatment, sterilization, food fresh keeping, pesticide herd product mutation breeding or pest and infection
Application in disease pest matchmaker's Anti-fertility control.
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Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB196678A (en) * | 1922-01-25 | 1923-04-25 | Ernest Yeoman Robinson | Improvements in vacuum tubes |
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