CN109300512A - A kind of a whole set of thermal calculation method suitable for claus oven - Google Patents
A kind of a whole set of thermal calculation method suitable for claus oven Download PDFInfo
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- CN109300512A CN109300512A CN201811183521.XA CN201811183521A CN109300512A CN 109300512 A CN109300512 A CN 109300512A CN 201811183521 A CN201811183521 A CN 201811183521A CN 109300512 A CN109300512 A CN 109300512A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
- C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
- C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of a whole set of thermal calculation method suitable for claus oven, this method is calculated first with the hot physical property of " fitting of a polynomial " to fuel, obtains the functional relation of multicomponent gas temperature Yu hot physical property；Then acid gas consumption B is calculated by entirety thermal balance model；Each heat exchange structure is analyzed again, establishes heat-transfer surface structure simplified mathematical model to calculate the area H of heat-transfer surface；Overall heat-transfer coefficient K is calculated by the convection transfer rate of fume side and radiation heat transfer coefficient again；The heat output Q of each heat-transfer surface is calculated after thisc=KH Δ t/B；Thermal balance integrity checking model is finally established, always recept the caloric Q=Qs+Q1+Q2+Q3‑Q4+Q5‑Q6+Q7, wherein QsIt is burner hearth heat dissipation capacity, Q1、Q2It is first, second section of heat exchange amount of waste heat boiler, Q3、Q5、Q7It is the first order, the second level, final stage sulfur condenser heat exchange amount, Q4、Q6It is that the first order, the second level add hydrogen to feed reactor heat exchange amount；Balance error is 100 (Qrη/100‑Q)/Qr, wherein QrIt is fuel in the calory burning of burner hearth, η is boiler efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to chemical industry thermodynamic computing fields, and in particular to a kind of thermal calculation method suitable for claus oven.
Background technique
Claus oven using Claus method carry out sulfur recovery, sulfur recovery technology by depickling steam amine process Lai acid gas, through pressing
Power is adjusted, and will be come out in hydrogen sulfide in the equipment series of process, while ammonia and hydrogen cyanide being catalytically decomposed.Hydrogen sulfide is first
It is first converted in claus oven, about 1/3 hydrogen sulfide and air carry out burning and form sulfur dioxide, the titanium dioxide then generated
Sulphur reacts again with hydrogen sulfide, generates sulphur after the reaction of about 2/3 hydrogen sulfide.Followed by heat exchange equipments at different levels it is cooling it is burned after
Gas, the sulphur in the sulphur recovery gas in the condensing recovery gas of molten sulfur pond.Then residual gas by the first order and
The second level adds hydrogen charging reactor to carry out the remaining sulphur of reaction of high order recycling.
The sulfur recovery rate of usual sulfur recovery facility will realize that the technology of high sulfur recovery rate is wanted up to 95% or more
There are two aspects for point.First, guarantee that the flow-rate ratio of hydrogen sulfide containing sour gas and air or oxygen is suitable, if flow-rate ratio is not
Properly, it will cause hydrogen sulfide or sulfur dioxide to chemically react proportion imbalance, sulfur recovery rate can reduce.Second, guarantee combustion
Stablizing for burner operates normally, if scaling loss occurs in burner internal element, can have a huge impact to the recycling of sulphur.
With reference to the claus oven that puguang gas field is introduced, blade part and burning bluff body etc. are easy to happen scaling loss.Therefore to claus oven into
Row thermodynamic computing obtains suitable structural parameters and inlet and outlet parameter, and sulfur recovery rate not only can be improved, can also effectively control
The temperature of component is to prevent scaling loss.
In previous research, not especially suitable for a set of thermal calculation method of claus oven, also without corresponding
Thermal balance, thermal convection, radiation model, when this to design Crouse's burner and its operating parameter, it is difficult in advance really
Suitable dimension and thermal parameter are determined, to be difficult to obtain optimal design scheme.
Summary of the invention
For defect or deficiency present in above-mentioned existing research, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind to be suitable for gram labor
The a whole set of thermal calculation method of this furnace, design calculating and calculation and check for claus oven sulfur recovery system.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of a whole set of thermal calculation method suitable for claus oven, includes the following steps:
Step 1: the hot physical property of claus oven fuel being calculated first, the fuel of claus oven mainly has combustion gas and acid
Property gas two parts, the burning of combustion gas play the role of burner hearth preheating, subsequent operating condition is mainly the burning of sour gas；Based on sour gas
It is reacting completely it is assumed that analyze sour gas ingredient, as shown in table 1: H2O accounts for 6.96%, CO241.58%, COS is accounted for account for
0.01%, H2S accounts for 58.68%, CH4Account for 0.22%, CH4S accounts for 0.01%, wherein methanol sulphur and hydroxyl sulphur ingredient due to content very
Few, corresponding chemical reaction heat production is also seldom, is not counted in fuel value calculating, the application base low heat valve of acid gas is Qd=
126.5CO+108.1H2+359.6CH4+636.3C2H6+910.8C3H8+236.9H2S=13985.265kJ/kg；Similarly, pass through
The application base low heat valve that combustion gas is calculated is 35003.816kJ/kg；
1 propellant composition list of table
On the basis of the propellant composition elemental analysis to claus oven, it is assumed that fuel completely burned, according to chemical balance
Principle burns required theoretical air requirement to it and completely burned product calculates, as shown in table 2:
2 theoretical air requirement of table and completely burned product calculate
Based on the existing thermal physical property parameter i.e. N that can be looked into2、O2、CO2、H2O、SO2、H2S, S, to acid gas burning after flue gas enthalpy,
Viscosity, Pr number, thermal coefficient thermodynamic computing crucial thermal physical property parameter calculated；According to molecular weight approximation theory, gas
The viscosity of state sulphur, the replacement of Prandtl number Pr and thermal coefficient hydrogen sulfide；According to obtained combustion product ratio N2:
CO2: H2O:S=0.623:0.0644:0.125:0.1876 obtains temperature range using the method for the hot Property database of mixed working fluid
Mixed flue gas enthalpy table, mixed flue gas viscosity table, mixed flue gas Prandtl number table and mixed flue gas at 100 DEG C~2000 DEG C
Thermal coefficient table, in order to directly and quickly obtain enthalpy H, the mixed flue gas viscosity μ, mixed flue gas of mixed flue gas from temperature
Prandtl Pr, mixed flue gas thermal coefficient λ calculate needed for crucial thermal physical property parameter, utilize " fitting of a polynomial " obtain temperature with
The functional relation of required hot physical property can also similarly find out the temperature of multicomponent gas according to the hot physical property of multicomponent gas,
Fitting show that formula is as follows:
H=0.001T2+ 8.7477T-41.67, λ=0.0061T+2.2021, μ=0.0035T+1.6107, Pr=-4 ×
10-10T3+7×10-7T2-0.0002T+0.7932；
Step 2: then in order to obtain the acid gas consumption of claus oven, needing to establish claus oven entirety thermal balance mould
Type applies base low heat valve according to Principles of Boiler and input boiler heat, that is, step 1 calculating gained acid gas, chooses flue gas row
Put temperature θpy, excess air coefficient α so determine five thermal loss: heat loss due to exhaust gas q2, heat loss due to unburned gas
q3, heat loss due to combustibles in refuse q4, radiation loss q5With deslagging heat loss q6；According to the rated heating capacity Q of claus ovenyx
Its acid gas consumption is calculated, wherein Qr=Qd, QdIt is acid gas using base low heat valve, QrFor fuel burner hearth the combustion heat
Amount, η are the boiler thermal efficiency deducted after various heat losses, acid gas consumption B=(100Qyx×100)/(η×Qr)；
Step 3: in order to complete claus oven Calculation of Heat Transfer, needing to calculate each heat-transfer surface area；To respectively changing for claus oven
Heat structure includes that the structure of waste heat boiler, sulfur condenser plus hydrogen charging reactor heat-transfer surface is analyzed, and each heat-transfer surface structure is equal
Close with the pipe heat exchanger of parallel baffled, tube side walks the flue gas after burning, and shell side walks vapor or water, therefore establishes Crouse
Furnace heat-transfer surface structure simplified mathematical model calculates the area of heat-transfer surface；Heat-transfer surface area H=n π dl, wherein d is heat exchange pipeline
Diameter, l are heat exchanging pipe length, and n is heat exchanger tube radical；Flue gas Net long wave radiation layer is with a thickness of s=0.9d (4/ π × s1s2/d2-
1), wherein s1, s2Respectively transverse pitch and longitudinal pitch；Flue gas flow area is approximately equal to shell sectional area and subtracts heat exchanger tube
Total cross-sectional area Ay=π (D2-nd2)/4, D is shell diameter；
Step 4: after completing heat-transfer surface areal calculation, needing to establish claus oven heat convection model and radiation heat transfer mould
Type calculates the heat exchange amount of each heat-transfer surface: acquiring flue gas heat by mixed flue gas enthalpy H calculation formula in inlet and outlet smoke temperature and step 1
Balance thermal discharge；Logarithm temperature and pressure Δ t is found out by importing and exporting steam temperature；Heat exchange mode and tubular type are washed away based on longitudinal tubular type
Heat transfer theory, select fume side coefficient of convective heat transfer calculation formula be
αd=0.023 (λ/dl)(wydl/μ)0.8Pr0.4CtClCw
Wherein λ is mixed flue gas thermal coefficient, and μ is mixed flue gas viscosity, PrFor mixed flue gas Prandtl number, this three
Item thermal physical property parameter is obtained according to average smoke temperature by step 1 approximate calculation；dlFor heating surface channel equivalent diameter, wyFor flue gas
Flow velocity, CtFor flue-gas temperature adjustment factor, ClFor heating surface length correction coefficient, CwFor smoke components adjustment factor；Radiation heat transfer
Coefficient byApproximation is found out, ayFor flue gas blackness, TpjFor average absolute cigarette
Temperature, ThbFor grey wall absolute temperature；Overall heat-transfer coefficient is calculated by the convection transfer rate and radiation heat transfer coefficient of fume side
K；Calculate separately each heat-transfer surface heat output Qc=KH Δ t/B, wherein H is the heat-transfer surface area that step 3 is calculated, and B is step
The rapid 2 acid gas consumptions obtained；Flue gas thermal balance thermal discharge is used to examine the error of heat output calculated value；
Step 5: final step needs to establish claus oven thermal balance integrity checking model and completes heat check: in burner hearth
The heat-transfer surface of not set similar water-cooling wall, the heat exchange with vapor is since waste heat boiler first segment, so needing according to entrance
The heat content of flue gas estimates the heat dissipation capacity of burner hearth part before waste heat boiler first segment, and it is q that hearth portion, which disperses hot percentage,s=100
(1-I′/Qr), wherein I ' is the import cigarette enthalpy of waste heat boiler first segment, QrFor fuel burner hearth calory burning.The total school of thermal balance
The heat that the process of testing includes has: burner hearth heat dissipation capacity Qs, waste heat boiler first segment heat exchange amount Q1, waste heat boiler second segment heat exchange
Measure Q2, first order sulfur condenser heat exchange amount Q3, the first order add hydrogen feed reactor heat exchange amount Q4, second level sulfur condenser heat exchange amount
Q5, the second level add hydrogen feed reactor heat exchange amount Q6With final stage sulfur condenser heat exchange amount Q7；In the high steam that gas bag is drawn to the
Level-one and the second level add hydrogen charging reactor heated, so when overall thermal balance check Clausius equlity sulphur total suction
Heat should subtract this two-part heat；Total caloric receptivity Q=Qs+Q1+Q2+Q3-Q4+Q5-Q6+Q7, balance error is 100 (Qrη/
100-Q)/Qr, wherein QrIt is fuel in the calory burning of burner hearth, for value equal to acid gas using base low heat valve, η is boiler
Efficiency.
Compared to the prior art compared with the present invention has following advantage:
(1) present invention can be exclusively used in the heat-transfer surface area of Clausius equlity sulphur process flow, the coefficient of heat transfer and heat exchange
Medium heat physical property and the hot Calculation of Physical Properties of combustion product gases；
(2) present invention both can carry out heat Calculation to entire Crouse's sulphur recovery process, can also be special for some
Fixed heat-transfer surface carries out heat Calculation；
(3) present invention can predict the thermic load variation of each equipment according to structural parameters and inlet and outlet parameter of materials variation；
(4) modularization of Computational frame of the present invention modifies and applies it more convenient.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the physical model schematic diagram of claus oven thermodynamic computing.
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 2 Crouse's burner hearth.
The schematic diagram of Fig. 3 Crouse's sulphur recovery totality heat exchange process.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1 it is the physical model of claus oven thermodynamic computing, includes all calculating contents, the present embodiment one
Kind is suitable for a whole set of thermal calculation method of claus oven, includes the following steps:
Step 1: the hot physical property of claus oven fuel being calculated first, the fuel of claus oven mainly has combustion gas and acid
Property gas two parts, the burning of combustion gas play the role of burner hearth preheating, subsequent operating condition is mainly the burning of sour gas；Based on sour gas
It is reacting completely it is assumed that being analyzed (mol%): H to sour gas ingredient2O accounts for 6.96%, CO241.58%, COS is accounted for account for
0.01%, H2S accounts for 58.68%, CH4Account for 0.22%, CH4S accounts for 0.01%, wherein methanol sulphur and hydroxyl sulphur ingredient due to content very
Few, corresponding chemical reaction heat production is also seldom, is not counted in fuel value calculating, the application base low heat valve of acid gas is Qd=
126.5CO+108.1H2+359.6CH4+636.3C2H6+910.8C3H8+236.9H2S=13985.265kJ/kg.Similarly, pass through
The application base low heat valve that can be calculated combustion gas is 35003.816kJ/kg.The air capacity being actually fed into generally higher than utilizes
The theoretical air requirement of Calculation of chemical equilibrium, choosing excess air coefficient herein is 1.1, it is also assumed that combustible is by whole in fuel
After-flame calculates the flue gas characteristic of heating surface.According to the composition of combustion Product ratio of calculating, smoke density is calculated, then is used
Density obtains flue gas mass multiplied by volume.The density formula of using gas fuel generation gas:
Wherein
Different from conventional fossil fuel (petroleum, natural gas, coal), the hot physical property of claus oven combustion product can not be from existing
Data obtains, and in order to provide the thermal physical property data on basis to further Calculation of Heat Transfer and numerical simulation calculation, needs to a gram labor
On the basis of the propellant composition elemental analysis of this furnace, based on the existing thermal physical property parameter i.e. N that can be looked into2、O2、CO2、H2O、SO2、H2S、
The crucial thermal physical property parameter of S, the thermodynamic computings such as flue gas enthalpy, viscosity, Pr number, thermal coefficient after burning to acid gas push away
It calculates.According to molecular weight approximation theory, the viscosity of gaseous sulfur, the replacement of Prandtl number Pr and thermal coefficient hydrogen sulfide；Root
According to obtained combustion product ratio, obtained at 100 DEG C~2000 DEG C of temperature range using the method for the hot Property database of mixed working fluid
Mixed flue gas cigarette enthalpy table, mixed flue gas viscosity table, mixed flue gas Prandtl number table and mixed flue gas thermal coefficient table.It is mixed
It is as follows to close the reckoning of gas viscosity coefficient:
μmFor the viscosity of admixture of gas under normal pressure, μiFor the viscosity of i component pure under normal pressure, MiFor point of mixture i component
Son amount, yiThe molar fraction of i component in mixture.
Because gas Prandtl number is both less than 1, generally all close to 1, it is possible to be weighted with molar ratio and calculate gaseous mixture
The Prandtl number of body.Mixed gas Prandtl number is calculated according to following formula after burning:
Mixed gas thermal coefficient calculates as follows:
λmFor the thermal coefficient of mixed gas under normal pressure；λiFor the thermal coefficient of i component under normal pressure；MiFor i component gas
Molecular weight；yiFor the molar fraction of i component in mixed gas.
Based on pure material data, the enthalpy of multicomponent gas is calculated in conjunction with combustion gas and acid gas composition of combustion Product, makes cigarette
Enthalpy table, the heat exchange for heating surface calculate.According to gas combustion product ingredient (N2: O2: CO2: H2O=0.715:0.018:
0.09:0.176) and sour gas composition of combustion Product (N2: O2: CO2: H2O:S=0.623:0.001:0.0644:0.125:
0.1876), the enthalpy of node temperature can be obtained multiplied by temperature for weighting thermal capacitance.
The thermal physical property parameter of practical multicomponent gas is the function of temperature, but is not exclusively linear function, thus in order to from
Temperature directly and quickly obtains mixed flue gas enthalpy H, mixed flue gas viscosity μ, mixed flue gas Prandtl number Pr, mixed flue gas
Thermal coefficient λ calculates required crucial thermal physical property parameter, show that the function of temperature and required hot physical property closes using fitting of a polynomial
System, can also similarly find out the temperature of multicomponent gas according to the hot physical property of multicomponent gas:
H=0.001T2+8.7477T-41.67
μ=0.0035T+1.6107
Pr=-4 × 10-10T3+7×10-7T2-0.0002T+0.7932
λ=0.0061T+2.2021
Step 2: then in order to obtain the acid gas consumption of claus oven, needing to establish claus oven entirety thermal balance mould
Type calculates gained acid gas fuel low heat valve according to Principles of Boiler and input boiler heat, that is, step 1, chooses flue gas emission temperature
Spend θpy, excess air coefficient α so determine five thermal loss: heat loss due to exhaust gas q2, heat loss due to unburned gas q3, machine
Tool heat loss due to incomplete combustion q4, radiation loss q5With deslagging heat loss q6；According to the rated heating capacity Q of claus ovenyxCalculate it
Acid gas consumption, wherein Qr=Qd, QdIt is acid gas using base low heat valve, QrIt is fuel in the calory burning of burner hearth, η is
Boiler thermal efficiency after deducting various heat losses, acid gas consumption B=(100Qyx×100)/(η×Qr)；
Step 3: in order to complete claus oven Calculation of Heat Transfer, needing to calculate each heat-transfer surface area；To respectively changing for claus oven
Heat structure includes that the structure of waste heat boiler, sulfur condenser plus hydrogen charging reactor heat-transfer surface is analyzed, and each heat-transfer surface structure is equal
Close with the pipe heat exchanger of parallel baffled, tube side walks the flue gas after burning, and shell side walks vapor or water, therefore establishes Crouse
Furnace heat-transfer surface structure simplified mathematical model calculates the area of heat-transfer surface；Heat-transfer surface area H=n π dl, wherein d is heat exchange pipeline
Diameter, l are heat exchanging pipe length, and n is heat exchanger tube radical；Flue gas Net long wave radiation layer is with a thickness of s=0.9d (4/ π × s1s2/d2-
1), wherein s1, s2Respectively transverse pitch and longitudinal pitch；Flue gas flow area is approximately equal to shell sectional area and subtracts heat exchanger tube
Total cross-sectional area Ay=π (D2-nd2)/4, D is shell diameter；
Step 4: after completing heat-transfer surface areal calculation, needing to establish claus oven heat convection model and radiation heat transfer mould
Type calculates the heat exchange amount of each heat-transfer surface: acquiring flue gas heat by mixed flue gas enthalpy H calculation formula in inlet and outlet smoke temperature and step 1
Balance thermal discharge；Logarithm temperature and pressure Δ t is found out by importing and exporting steam temperature；Heat exchange mode and tubular type are washed away based on longitudinal tubular type
Heat transfer theory, select fume side coefficient of convective heat transfer calculation formula be
αd=0.023 (λ/dl)(wydl/μ)0.8Pr0.4CtClCw
Wherein λ is mixed flue gas thermal coefficient, and μ is mixed flue gas viscosity, PrFor mixed flue gas Prandtl number, this three
Item thermal physical property parameter is obtained according to average smoke temperature by step 1 approximate calculation；dlFor heating surface channel equivalent diameter, wyFor flue gas
Flow velocity, CtFor flue-gas temperature adjustment factor, ClFor heating surface length correction coefficient, CwFor smoke components adjustment factor；Radiation heat transfer
Coefficient byApproximation is found out, ayFor flue gas blackness, TpjFor average absolute cigarette
Temperature, ThbFor grey wall absolute temperature；Overall heat-transfer coefficient is calculated by the convection transfer rate and radiation heat transfer coefficient of fume side
K；Calculate separately each heat-transfer surface heat output Qc=KH Δ t/B, wherein H is the heat-transfer surface area that step 3 is calculated, and B is step
The rapid 2 acid gas consumptions obtained；Flue gas thermal balance thermal discharge is used to examine the error of heat output calculated value；
Step 5: final step needs to establish claus oven thermal balance integrity checking model and completes heat check: such as 2 institute of attached drawing
Show, the heat-transfer surface of not set similar water-cooling wall in burner hearth, the heat exchange with vapor since waste heat boiler first segment, so
Need to estimate that the heat dissipation capacity of burner hearth part, hearth portion disperse hot percentage according to the heat content into flue gas before waste heat boiler first segment
Than for qs=100 (1-I '/Qr), wherein I ' is the import cigarette enthalpy of waste heat boiler first segment, QrFor fuel burner hearth the combustion heat
Amount；If attached drawing 3 exchanges heat shown in main-process stream, the heat that thermal balance integrity checking process includes has: burner hearth heat dissipation capacity Qs, waste heat pot
Furnace first segment heat exchange amount Q1, waste heat boiler second segment heat exchange amount Q2, first order sulfur condenser heat exchange amount Q3, the first order add hydrogen to feed
Reactor heat exchange amount Q4, second level sulfur condenser heat exchange amount Q5, the second level add hydrogen feed reactor heat exchange amount Q6It is condensed with final stage sulphur
Device heat exchange amount Q7；Hydrogen charging reactor is added to heat the first order and the second level in the high steam that gas bag is drawn, so whole
Total caloric receptivity of Clausius equlity sulphur should subtract this two-part heat when body heat balance verifies.Total caloric receptivity Q=Qs+
Q1+Q2+Q3-Q4+Q5-Q6+Q7, balance error is 100 (Qrη/100-Q)/Qr, wherein QrFor fuel burner hearth calory burning,
Value applies base low heat valve equal to acid gas, and η is boiler efficiency.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of a whole set of thermal calculation method suitable for claus oven, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1: the hot physical property of claus oven fuel being calculated first, the fuel of claus oven mainly has combustion gas and sour gas
Burner hearth preheating is played the role of in two parts, the burning of combustion gas, and subsequent operating condition is mainly the burning of sour gas；It is complete based on sour gas
Reaction it is assumed that analyze sour gas ingredient, as shown in table 1: H2O accounts for 6.96%, CO241.58%, COS is accounted for account for
0.01%, H2S accounts for 58.68%, CH4Account for 0.22%, CH4S accounts for 0.01%, wherein methanol sulphur and hydroxyl sulphur due to content it is seldom, phase
The chemical reaction heat production answered is also seldom, is not counted in fuel value calculating, the application base low heat valve of acid gas is Qd=126.5CO
+108.1H2+359.6CH4+636.3C2H6+910.8C3H8+236.9H2S=13985.265kJ/kg；Similarly, by calculating
The application base low heat valve of combustion gas is 35003.816kJ/kg out；
1 propellant composition list of table
On the basis of the propellant composition elemental analysis to claus oven, it is assumed that fuel completely burned, according to chemical equilibrium theory
It burns required theoretical air requirement to it and completely burned product calculates, as shown in table 2:
2 theoretical air requirement of table and completely burned product calculate
Based on existing thermal physical property parameter i.e. N2, O2, CO2, H2O, SO2, H2S, S that can be looked into, to the flue gas enthalpy, viscous after acid gas burning
Property coefficient, Pr number, thermal coefficient thermodynamic computing crucial thermal physical property parameter calculated；According to molecular weight approximation theory, gaseous state
The viscosity of sulphur, the replacement of Prandtl number Pr and thermal coefficient hydrogen sulfide；According to obtained combustion product ratio N2: CO2:
H2O:S=0.623:0.0644:0.125:0.1876 obtains temperature range 100 using the method for the hot Property database of mixed working fluid
DEG C~2000 DEG C at mixed flue gas enthalpy table, mixed flue gas viscosity table, mixed flue gas Prandtl number table and mixed flue gas are led
Hot coefficient table, in order to directly and quickly obtain mixed flue gas enthalpy H, mixed flue gas viscosity μ, mixed flue gas Pu Lang from temperature
Special number Pr, mixed flue gas thermal coefficient λ calculate needed for crucial thermal physical property parameter, utilize " fitting of a polynomial " obtain temperature and institute
The functional relation of hot physical property is needed, or finds out the temperature of multicomponent gas according to the hot physical property of multicomponent gas.Fitting obtains formula
It is as follows: H=0.001T2+ 8.7477T-41.67, λ=0.0061T+2.2021, μ=0.0035T+1.6107, Pr=-4 × 10-10T3+7×10-7T2-0.0002T+0.7932；
Step 2: then in order to obtain the acid gas consumption of claus oven, need to establish claus oven entirety thermal balance model, according to
Base low heat valve is applied according to Principles of Boiler and input boiler heat, that is, step 1 calculating gained acid gas, chooses flue gas emission temperature
Spend θpy, excess air coefficient α so determine five thermal loss: heat loss due to exhaust gas q2, heat loss due to unburned gas q3, machine
Tool heat loss due to incomplete combustion q4, radiation loss q5With deslagging heat loss q6；According to the rated heating capacity Q of claus ovenyxCalculate it
Acid gas consumption, wherein Qr=Qd, QdIt is acid gas using base low heat valve, QrIt is fuel in the calory burning of burner hearth, η is
Boiler thermal efficiency after deducting various heat losses, acid gas consumption B=(100Qyx×100)/(η×Qr)；
Step 3: in order to complete claus oven Calculation of Heat Transfer, needing to calculate each heat-transfer surface area；To each heat exchange knot of claus oven
Structure includes that the structure of waste heat boiler, sulfur condenser plus hydrogen charging reactor heat-transfer surface is analyzed, each heat-transfer surface structure with it is vertical
Close to the pipe heat exchanger washed away, tube side walks the flue gas after burning, and shell side walks vapor or water, therefore establishes claus oven and change
Hot simplified structure computation model calculates the area of heat-transfer surface；Heat-transfer surface area H=n π dl, wherein d is heat exchange pipeline diameter,
L is heat exchanging pipe length, and n is heat exchanger tube radical；Flue gas Net long wave radiation layer is with a thickness of s=0.9d (4/ π × s1s2/d2- 1),
Middle s1, s2Respectively transverse pitch and longitudinal pitch；Flue gas flow area is approximately equal to shell sectional area and subtracts heat exchanger tube total cross section
Area Ay=π (D2-nd2)/4, D is shell diameter；
Step 4: after completing heat-transfer surface areal calculation, needing to establish claus oven heat convection model and radiative heat transfer model meter
It calculates the heat exchange amount of each heat-transfer surface: flue gas thermal balance is acquired by mixed flue gas enthalpy H calculation formula in inlet and outlet smoke temperature and step 1
Thermal discharge；Logarithm temperature and pressure Δ t is found out by importing and exporting steam temperature；Heat exchange mode and pipe type heat transfer are washed away based on longitudinal tubular type
Theory, select fume side coefficient of convective heat transfer calculation formula be
αd=0.023 (λ/dl)(wydl/μ)0.8Pr0.4CtClCw
Wherein λ is mixed flue gas thermal coefficient, and μ is mixed flue gas viscosity, PrFor mixed flue gas Prandtl number, this three heat
Physical parameter is obtained according to average smoke temperature by step 1 approximate calculation；dlFor heating surface channel equivalent diameter, wyFor flue gas flow rate,
CtFor flue-gas temperature adjustment factor, ClFor heating surface length correction coefficient, CwFor smoke components adjustment factor；Radiation heat transfer coefficient
ByApproximation is found out, ayFor flue gas blackness, TpjFor average absolute smoke temperature,
ThbFor grey wall absolute temperature；Overall heat-transfer coefficient can be calculated by the convection transfer rate and radiation heat transfer coefficient of fume side
K；Calculate separately each heat-transfer surface heat output Qc=KH Δ t/B, wherein H is the heat-transfer surface area that step 3 is calculated, and B is step
The rapid 2 acid gas consumptions obtained；Flue gas thermal balance thermal discharge is used to examine the error of heat output calculated value；
Step 5: final step needs to establish claus oven thermal balance integrity checking model and completes heat check: not setting in burner hearth
The heat-transfer surface of similar water-cooling wall is set, the heat exchange with vapor is since waste heat boiler first segment, so needing according to entering waste heat
The heat content of flue gas estimates the heat dissipation capacity of burner hearth part before boiler first segment, and it is q that hearth portion, which disperses hot percentage,s=100 (1-
I′/Qr), wherein I ' is the import cigarette enthalpy of waste heat boiler first segment, QrFor fuel burner hearth calory burning；Thermal balance integrity checking
The heat that process includes has: burner hearth heat dissipation capacity Qs, waste heat boiler first segment heat exchange amount Q1, waste heat boiler second segment heat exchange amount
Q2, first order sulfur condenser heat exchange amount Q3, the first order add hydrogen feed reactor heat exchange amount Q4, second level sulfur condenser heat exchange amount Q5、
The second level adds hydrogen to feed reactor heat exchange amount Q6With final stage sulfur condenser heat exchange amount Q7；In the high steam that gas bag is drawn to first
Grade and the second level add hydrogen charging reactor heated, so when overall thermal balance check Clausius equlity sulphur total heat absorption
Amount should subtract this two-part heat；Total caloric receptivity Q=Qs+Q1+Q2+Q3-Q4+Q5-Q6+Q7, balance error is 100 (Qrη/
100-Q)/Qr, wherein QrIt is fuel in the calory burning of burner hearth, for value equal to acid gas using base low heat valve, η is boiler
Efficiency.
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| CN112414155A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-26 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Method for calculating smoke gas amount of combined type steel rolling heating furnace |
| CN113378394A (en) * | 2021-06-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司中南电力试验研究院 | Intelligent soot blowing algorithm based on Guerweiqi heat balance |
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| CN104298866A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-21 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Dynamic modeling method for reacting furnace in Claus sulfur recovery process |
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| CN113378394A (en) * | 2021-06-19 | 2021-09-10 | 中国大唐集团科学技术研究院有限公司中南电力试验研究院 | Intelligent soot blowing algorithm based on Guerweiqi heat balance |
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