CN109298620A - A kind of π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock - Google Patents
A kind of π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN109298620A CN109298620A CN201811096971.5A CN201811096971A CN109298620A CN 109298620 A CN109298620 A CN 109298620A CN 201811096971 A CN201811096971 A CN 201811096971A CN 109298620 A CN109298620 A CN 109298620A
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- microwave cavity
- phase difference
- probe
- beamforming
- waveguide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock.The microwave cavity includes: U-shaped waveguide, cut-off waveguide, empty graphite-pipe, probe base and probe；The quantity of the cut-off waveguide is two, and two cut-off waveguides are located at two end face positions of the U-shaped waveguide, passes through the empty graphite-pipe connection between two cut-off waveguides；The probe base is located on the upper surface of U-shaped waveguide bottom centre, and the probe is embedded in the probe base.π phase difference microwave cavity of the invention works in odd times mode, processing technology can be made simple and reliable, while the accuracy of beamforming atomic clock can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atomic clock fields, more particularly to a kind of π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock.
Background technique
Atomic clock is in many scientific (such as Precise physical measurements) and field of engineering technology (such as global navigation satellite positioning system
System, communication and electric system etc.) in play fundamental role.Engineering atomic clock can be divided into Air-chamber type and two kinds of beamforming at present,
The superiority and inferiority of the two is: Air-chamber type atomic clock global index is lower, but its physical structure is simple, and engineering is the most mature, beauty,
The multinational practical application for all having realized such atomic clock such as method, Switzerland and China.Beamforming atomic clock is due to effectively preventing atom
Between collide, global index (especially accuracy and long-term stability) is significantly better than Air-chamber type atomic clock, and application demand is extensive, but
It is also bigger that it develops difficulty.Only having the individual countries such as the U.S. and Russia at present in the world realizes the engineering of beamforming atomic clock
Change, suitable energy has also been put into China's recent decades and has carried out research of technique, to realize the equipment of beamforming atomic clock as early as possible.Root
Different according to atom temperature, beamforming atomic clock can be further divided into hot beam atomic clock and cold beam atomic clock again, and the latter's index is more excellent, but
Volume is bigger.No matter which kind of beamforming clock, core physical system has been all made of Nobel Prize in physics winner Ramsey (La Mu
The sepavated oscillatory field technique invented together), the realization of the technology depend on the U-shaped microwave cavity also known as Ramsey of a kind of special designing
Chamber.Atomic beam is to interact in Ramsey microwave cavity with two microwave oscillation fields being spatially separated, so that former
Secondary clock physical system completes the perception, extraction and stabilization to ground state atom clock jump frequency.
Beamforming atomic clock microwave cavity multiplexing is made in TE at present10nUnder mould, n is generally taken into even number, at this time two atoms of microwave cavity
Phase difference is 0 between the microwave magnetic field of beam hole location, and atomic transition probability is maximum at atom-microwave resonance frequency.Quotient at present
U-shaped microwave cavity generallys use even illumination working method in industry beamforming atomic clock product, the hot cesium-beam atomic clock developed such as the U.S.
(R.Lutwak etc. " Optically Pumped Cesium-Beam Frequency Standard for GPS- III ", 33rd
Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Meeting, 2001) and the Russian hot rubidium beam developed
Atomic clock (A.Besedina etc., " Construction and investigation of a quantum frequency
discriminator utilizing an 87Rb atomic beam with pumping and detection by
Injection lasers " Sov.J.Quantum Electron.1991) microwave cavity.
From the point of view of physics and engineering, zero phase difference U-shaped microwave cavity used in the beamforming atomic clock product that has been commercialized
There are still many drawbacks in practical applications.Firstly, the distribution phase shift of zero phase difference microwave cavity is extremely sensitive between chamber two-arm
Length difference, this physically limits the accuracy of beamforming atomic clock；Secondly, zero phase difference chamber is located at atomic clock physical vacuum
Internal system, and its microwave energy feed-in mechanism is located at outside vacuum, this fit system significantly increases atomic clock department of physics
Vacuum of uniting maintains and the complexity of machining.At the same time, this microwave feed-in mode also destroys the complete of magnetic shielding cylinder
Whole property is degrading the long-term stability and accuracy of atomic clock so that magnetostatic field uniformity is deteriorated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock, the work of π phase difference microwave cavity
In odd times mode, processing technology can be made simple and reliable, while the accuracy of beamforming atomic clock can be improved.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following schemes:
A kind of π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock, the microwave cavity includes: U-shaped waveguide, cut-off waveguide
Pipe, empty graphite-pipe, probe base and probe；The quantity of the cut-off waveguide is two, and two cut-off waveguides distinguish position
In two end face positions of the U-shaped waveguide, pass through the empty graphite-pipe connection between two cut-off waveguides；Institute
It states probe base to be located on the upper surface of U-shaped waveguide bottom centre, the probe is embedded in the probe base.
Optionally, the U-shaped waveguide is process by oxygen-free copper rectangular waveguide by integral forming process, the U
At cavity, the cut-off waveguide is located at below two end faces of the U-shaped waveguide two end face enclosed shapes of corrugated waveguide.
Optionally, the operating mode of the microwave cavity is odd times mode, and the microwave cavity is at two ends of the U-shaped waveguide
Microwave magnetic field phase difference below end face is π.
Optionally, the probe is that microwave electric field motivates coaxial probe.
Optionally, the probe includes outer conductor, inter-layer dielectric material and center conductor, and the center conductor is located at institute
The center of outer conductor is stated, the inter-layer dielectric material is between the outer conductor and the center conductor, the middle layer
Dielectric material and the center conductor are inserted into inside the probe base, and the center conductor is further inserted into the U-shaped waveguide
Inside pipe.
Optionally, the inside of the empty graphite-pipe is atom beam passage.
The specific embodiment provided according to the present invention, the invention discloses following technical effects: the present invention provides a kind of use
In the π phase difference microwave cavity of beamforming atomic clock, the microwave cavity includes: U-shaped waveguide, cut-off waveguide, empty graphite-pipe, probe
Seat and probe；The quantity of the cut-off waveguide is two, and two cut-off waveguides are located at the U-shaped waveguide
Two end face positions pass through the empty graphite-pipe connection between two cut-off waveguides；The probe base is located at the U
On the upper surface of corrugated waveguide bottom centre, the probe is embedded in the probe base.π phase difference microwave cavity works in odd times mould
Under formula, have many advantages, such as that small in size, structure and processing technology are simple and reliable.Its chamber phase shift simultaneously is small, is conducive to improve beamforming atom
The accuracy of clock.Microwave cavity and electric field excitation probe are respectively positioned on physical vacuum internal system, and microwave energy feed-in mechanism is no longer worn
Magnetic shielding cover is crossed, so that the structure of field coil and magnetic shielding cover is simplified, while improving magnetic field homogeneity and magnetic screen
Effect.
Detailed description of the invention
It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment
Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention
Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings
Obtain other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is π of embodiment of the present invention phase difference microwave cavity structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is π of embodiment of the present invention phase difference microwave cavity diagrammatic cross-section；
Fig. 3 is microwave magnetic field distribution in π of embodiment of the present invention phase difference microwave cavity；
Fig. 4 is to advance with the microwave magnetic field of atomic interaction in atomic beam in π of embodiment of the present invention phase difference microwave cavity
Distribution on path.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the π phase difference microwave cavity structural schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention is used for beamforming atomic clock.As shown in Figure 1, one
Kind is used for the π phase difference microwave cavity of beamforming atomic clock, and the microwave cavity includes: U-shaped waveguide 1, cut-off waveguide 2, empty graphite
Pipe 3, probe base 4 and probe 5；The quantity of the cut-off waveguide 2 is two, and each cut-off waveguide 2 is located at the U-shaped wave
The end face position of conduit 1 is connected by the empty graphite-pipe 3 between two cut-off waveguides 2；The probe base 4
In on the upper surface of 1 bottom centre of U-shaped waveguide, the probe 5 is embedded in the probe base 4.
The probe includes outer conductor 51, inter-layer dielectric material 52 and center conductor 53, and the center conductor 53 is located at
The center of the outer conductor 51, the inter-layer dielectric material 52 are described between outer conductor 51 and the center conductor 53
Inter-layer dielectric material 52 and the center conductor 53 are inserted into inside the probe base 4.
The U-shaped waveguide 1 is process by oxygen-free copper rectangular waveguide by integral forming process.The cut-off waveguide
Pipe 2 is oxygen-free copper cut-off waveguide.The probe 5 is that microwave electric field motivates coaxial probe.The inside of the sky graphite-pipe 3 is original
Beamlet channel, i.e. atomic beam drift region 6.
Specific embodiment 1:
U-shaped waveguide 1 and cut-off waveguide 3 together form the U-shaped microwave cavity containing atom beam passage 6, the microwave
Cavity carries out microwave excitation by the probe 5 in the face E center on its inside, specifically using the center conductor 53 of probe 5 in microwave
Inside cavity motivates to form odd mode standing wave oscillation.
Fig. 2 is π of embodiment of the present invention phase difference microwave cavity diagrammatic cross-section.Fig. 3 is π of embodiment of the present invention phase difference microwave
Microwave magnetic field is distributed in chamber.Fig. 4 is with the microwave magnetic field of atomic interaction in π of embodiment of the present invention phase difference microwave cavity in original
Distribution on beamlet travel path.
To be suitable for the TE of small-sized cesium-beam atomic clock109For mould microwave cavity, its cross sectional dimensions be 22.86mm ×
10.16mm, longitudinal total length are about 209mm.Since the microwave cavity is designed as odd number mode oscillation, therefore the face cavity E central position
Microwave electric field is most strong, can be motivated by center conductor.Caesium atomic beam enters the from the atom beam hole 7 being located in cut-off waveguide 2
Then one microwave-atom interaction region enters second microwave-atom interaction region by the drift region 6 in graphite-pipe, i.e.,
Realize atomic beam is spatially separating vibratory stimulation.Transverse direction (direction x) Distribution of Magnetic Field in microwave cavity is as shown in figure 3, and specific
It is as shown in Figure 4 with distribution of the microwave magnetic field on atomic beam travel path of atomic beam interaction.It is obvious by Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, two
Microwave magnetic field is equal in magnitude in a interaction region, contrary, i.e., the microwave field in two regions to interact with atomic beam
Phase by pi, thus the present invention realizes the π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock.
π phase difference Ramsay microwave cavity in the present invention works under odd times mode, has small in size, structure and processing work
The advantages that skill is simple and reliable.The chamber phase shift of π phase difference Ramsay chamber of the present invention is than zero phase of tradition under identical machining accuracy simultaneously
Potential difference Ramsay chamber is small, conducive to the accuracy for improving beamforming atomic clock.The microwave feed-in probe of the microwave cavity is located at clock department of physics
System --- inside vacuum beam tube, this is simplified the structure of field coil and magnetic shielding cover, while improving magnetic field homogeneity
And Magnetic Shielding Effectiveness.Cut-off waveguide and drift region graphite-pipe reduce microwave leakage level jointly, and have significantly weakened stray light
With the influence of off-axis atom pair atomic transition signal.The aforementioned advantages of the invention microwave cavity can make the comprehensive performance of beamforming atomic clock
Index further increases.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.
Used herein a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention, and above embodiments are said
It is bright to be merely used to help understand method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, foundation
Thought of the invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range.In conclusion the content of the present specification is not
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of π phase difference microwave cavity for beamforming atomic clock, which is characterized in that the microwave cavity include: U-shaped waveguide,
Cut-off waveguide, empty graphite-pipe, probe base and probe；The quantity of the cut-off waveguide is two, two cut-off waveguides
Pipe is located at two end face positions of the U-shaped waveguide, passes through the empty graphite between two cut-off waveguides
Pipe connection；The probe base is located on the upper surface of U-shaped waveguide bottom centre, and the probe is embedded in the probe
Seat.
2. the π phase difference microwave cavity according to claim 1 for beamforming atomic clock, which is characterized in that the U-shaped waveguide
Pipe is process by oxygen-free copper rectangular waveguide by integral forming process, and two end faces of the U-shaped waveguide are closed to be formed
Cavity, the cut-off waveguide are located at below two end faces of the U-shaped waveguide.
3. the π phase difference microwave cavity according to claim 1 for beamforming atomic clock, which is characterized in that the microwave cavity
Operating mode be odd times mode, microwave magnetic field phase difference of the microwave cavity below two end faces of the U-shaped waveguide
For π.
4. the π phase difference microwave cavity according to claim 1 for beamforming atomic clock, which is characterized in that the probe is
Microwave electric field motivates coaxial probe.
5. the π phase difference microwave cavity according to claim 1 for beamforming atomic clock, which is characterized in that the probe packet
Outer conductor, inter-layer dielectric material and center conductor are included, the center conductor is located at the center of the outer conductor, the middle layer
Dielectric material between the outer conductor and the center conductor, insert by the inter-layer dielectric material and the center conductor
Enter inside the probe base, the center conductor is further inserted into inside the U-shaped waveguide.
6. the π phase difference microwave cavity according to claim 1 for beamforming atomic clock, which is characterized in that the sky graphite
The inside of pipe is atom beam passage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811096971.5A CN109298620B (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2018-09-20 | Pi phase difference microwave cavity for beam type atomic clock |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811096971.5A CN109298620B (en) | 2018-09-20 | 2018-09-20 | Pi phase difference microwave cavity for beam type atomic clock |
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| CN109298620A true CN109298620A (en) | 2019-02-01 |
| CN109298620B CN109298620B (en) | 2020-12-08 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114370813A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | U-shaped microwave cavity electricity symmetry detection device |
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| US4354108A (en) * | 1977-11-08 | 1982-10-12 | Fujitsu Limited | Atomic beam device |
| JPS6021630A (en) * | 1983-07-15 | 1985-02-04 | Fujitsu Ltd | Atomic beam device |
| US5146184A (en) * | 1991-08-01 | 1992-09-08 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Atomic clock system with improved servo system |
| JPH06232743A (en) * | 1993-02-01 | 1994-08-19 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Atomic oscillator |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114370813A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-19 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | U-shaped microwave cavity electricity symmetry detection device |
| CN114370813B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-11-14 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | U-shaped microwave cavity electrical symmetry detection device |
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Inventor after: Sun Fuyu Inventor after: Ma Jie Inventor after: Liu Jie Inventor after: Li Xiaofeng Inventor after: Li Chao Inventor after: Zhang Shougang Inventor before: Ma Jie Inventor before: Sun Fuyu Inventor before: Liu Jie Inventor before: Li Xiaofeng Inventor before: Li Chao Inventor before: Zhang Shougang |
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