CN109298451A - A kind of automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method for improving degree of skewness - Google Patents
A kind of automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method for improving degree of skewness Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention proposes that a kind of automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method for improving degree of skewness, process include: to input earthquake East and West direction, north-south earthquake record respectively；Characteristic function is calculated, i.e. earthquake motion horizontal direction closes amplitude；Calculate the improvement degree of skewness of characteristic function；The absolute value sequence of degree of skewness relative change rate of computed improved；The maximum value of the improved absolute value sequence of degree of skewness relative change rate is picked up, which is exactly S wave initial time at the time of correspondence.The present invention, which uses, improves degree of skewness, and the high power of major part and standard deviation is inversely proportional, and highlights effect of the standard deviation to description fluctuation；The use of the high power of improved method standard deviation, so that improving monotone variation when degree of skewness computation interval enters seismic signal area, but also seismic signal and the difference of the improvement degree of skewness of non-seismic signal are obvious, and then TRANSFORMATION RATIO is determined by improving degree of skewness relative change rate, so that the error for picking up TRANSFORMATION RATIO is small；The present invention will not make wave distortion without any filtering processing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic data processing technical fields, and in particular to a kind of automatic Picking S wave shake for improving degree of skewness
Phase method.
Background technique
The pickup of earthquake S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO is an element task of STUDIES ON SEISMIC WAVES, is accurate determining focus position
The call parameter set.A large amount of earthquake record, it is time-consuming and laborious if manually picked up.Due to the interference by P wave seismic phase, S
Wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO automatic Picking accuracy is relatively low, research it is also relatively fewer.There is Authors of Science Articles by determining that deflection is write music
Line extreme point, P wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO is moved as microseism in the maximum position of the slope of curve using before extreme point.The problem is that partially
Slope curve is the continuous decline that rises and falls on the whole, during which will appear a lot of extreme points, analyzes, picks up by hand, can be true
The fixed extreme point that we need is difficult the pole for accurately determining which is we need but if realizing automatic Picking with computer
It is worth point, this is to pick up the major reason for error occur；Slope of curve maximum position is P-wave seismic phase before they think extreme point
Then, but according to our research, P wave seismic phase and S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO are often all after slope of curve maximum position；They
5-30Hz bandpass filtering has been carried out to record before picking up, degree of skewness calculating then has been carried out to filtered record, but filter,
Seismic wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO can deviate home position, and the result of pickup also will appear large error.
Summary of the invention
Based at present with degree of skewness pick up seismic wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO there are the problem of, propose it is a kind of improve degree of skewness it is automatic
S wave seismic phase method is picked up, and is applied to pick up earthquake magnitude greater than Ms4.0 earthquake S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO.It is a kind of to improve degree of skewness
Automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method, detailed process are as follows:
Step 1: inputting earthquake East and West direction, north-south earthquake record respectively；
Step 2: according to thing, north-south earthquake record, calculating characteristic function x with formula (1)i(t), i.e., earthquake motion is horizontal
To conjunction amplitude, wherein xEWIt (t) is East and West direction earthquake record, xNS(t) it is north-south earthquake record:
Step 3: in entire earthquake record slot, calculating characteristic function with formula (2), (3) and (4) and improve degree of skewness Ki
(t):
Wherein, M is the record points improved in degree of skewness computation interval, our seismic acceleration record sampling time
Between be divided into 0.005s, so M be also in the section record duration；Improving degree of skewness is degree of skewness in computation interval M, it is specified that being
The improvement degree of skewness at first record point corresponding moment；Statistical average, σ are recorded to improve in degree of skewness computation interval M
It (t) is the record data x in the M of the sectioni(t) standard deviation, n are the positive integer more than or equal to 5；
Step 4: in entire earthquake record slot, with formula (5) computed improved degree of skewness relative change rate's absolute value, obtaining
To sequence { ri(t) }:
Wherein, Ki-1(t-1) degree of skewness, K are improved for previous momenti(t) degree of skewness is improved for current time；
Step 5: being picked up with formula (6) and improve the absolute value sequence { r of degree of skewness relative change ratei(t) } maximum value rmax,
It is exactly S wave initial time at the time of correspondence.
rmax=max { ri(t)} (6)
The description of meaning is improved in relation to improving degree of skewness:
Degree of skewness calculation formula is as follows at present:
Our improved degree of skewness calculation formula are as follows:
Formula (7), K (t) are degrees of skewness, and formula (2) claims KiIt (t) is improved degree of skewness；xiIt (t) is the fluctuation received
Signal；M is record points, that is, record duration, our earthquake record sampling time interval is 0.005s；Improve deflection
Degree is the degree of skewness of record point 1 to record point M, and the degree of skewness of really one period, we provide, the improvement deflection of the period
Degree is defined as the improvement degree of skewness at record 1 moment of point, and according to practice, our M take 200；To record number in sampling periods M
According to average value；σ (t) is the record data x in period Mi(t) standard deviation, n are positive integer, improve degree of skewness n >=5, and current is inclined
Gradient n=4 is shown in formula (7).In the methods of the invention, the value of n can change, magnitude >=M that we studys4.0, n
=5, for violent earthquake, n is bigger, and the precision picked up then is higher.
When earthquake motion does not occur, what is received is the signals such as earth pulsation, is interference signal；It receives when an earthquake occurs
Seismic signal is useful signal.We, which study, uses accelerograph unit for international cm/s2, earth pulsation signal
The order of magnitude is 10-6-10-2cm/s2Between change, on average in 10-4cm/s2The order of magnitude；P-wave first arrival number of signals grade is general
10-2cm/s2Left and right, and MsThe S wave first arrival of 4.0 or more earthquakes closes the amplitude order of magnitude and often reaches 100cm/s2.Formula (2)
Middle σ (t) is standard deviation, and physical significance is to indicate the fluctuation degree of signal, and when receiving earth pulsation signal, fluctuation is horizontal
It is low, therefore it improves degree of skewness Ki(t) larger；When receiving seismic signal, fluctuation level increases, and improves degree of skewness and becomes
It is small, or even will become negative value；Improved degree of skewness formula (2) highlights the shadow of standard deviation without the molecule item of current degree of skewness
It rings, physical significance is very clear, it may be assumed that when no seismic signal inputs, fluctuation degree is low, and standard deviation is small, improves degree of skewness
Greatly, and when there is seismic signal input, fluctuation aggravation, standard deviation is big, and improvement degree of skewness is small, and TRANSFORMATION RATIO corresponds to degree of skewness
The mutation moment.It is enhancing standard in 5 powers of improved formula (2) middle standard deviation, rather than with the purpose of original 4 power
Once difference, will completely into the seismic signal period as the 1~M of computation interval for improving degree of skewness to degree of skewness value effect is improved
Fluctuation aggravation, standard deviation become larger, and improve degree of skewness and become smaller immediately.It is emphasized that having due to improving in degree of skewness formula (2)
A " -3 " item, when no seismic signal inputs, standard deviation is very small, improves degree of skewness numerical value and is much larger than " -3 " this numerical value, " -
3 " to improvement degree of skewness or the role very little that is positive or is negative；When improving degree of skewness computation interval comprising seismic signal, mark
Quasi- difference becomes larger, and " -3 " increase improvement degree of skewness or the role that is positive or is negative.Improve degree of skewness computation interval gradually into
When entering seismic signal section, standard deviation is become larger, and is improved degree of skewness and is gradually become smaller.When improving, degree of skewness computation interval is complete
Into and just completely into seismic signal section when, improve degree of skewness have a sharp fall, improved between consecutive points at this time
Degree of skewness relative change rate's maximum absolute value can calculate the opposite change of improvement degree of skewness in the earthquake record period with formula (5)
Rate absolute value obtains the absolute value sequence of its relative change rate.It is picked up on this basis with formula (6) and improves the opposite change of degree of skewness
The maximum absolute value of rate, corresponding t moment are exactly S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO.But if earthquake S wave first arrival is stronger, improve inclined
Gradient, which calculates area and do not occupied completely by seismic signal, just meets formula (6), and the S wave picked up at this time can shift to an earlier date；If earthquake S wave
First arrival is weaker, and improvement degree of skewness calculating area enters seismic signal area and just meets formula (6) for a period of time, the S wave picked up at this time
TRANSFORMATION RATIO can fall behind.
rmax=max { ri(t)} (6)
Formula (5) is the relative change rate of the improvement degree of skewness of t moment, and the appropriate big n of selection can make in formula (2)
Degree of skewness computation interval is improved once can satisfy formula (5) and (6) immediately completely into earthquake record area.
Effect about n in formula (2) needs to further illustrate, when improvement degree of skewness computation interval is in non-seismic signal
When section, the interference including P wave, amplitude is generally less than 10-2cm/s2, standard deviation makes behind the n times side more than or equal to 5 less than 1
It is smaller to obtain standard deviation, it is very big to improve degree of skewness；When computation interval enters the earthquake wave signal spacing S, due to natural
Earthquake is based on shear fracture, and S wave first arrival amplitude is very strong, especially Ms>=4.0, amplitude is closed in horizontal direction first arrival to be reached
100cm/s2The order of magnitude, that is, 1cm/s2The order of magnitude, standard deviation are often greater than 1, behind n times side standard deviation are become more
Greatly, it is very small to improve degree of skewness.In this way, improving degree of skewness after entering seismic signal area, value can reduce always.
Since the interference that P-wave seismic phase is subject to is relatively small, all multi-method accuracy for picking up P wave at present are higher；The shake of S wave
Influence mutually is arrived first by P wave, interference is relatively large, so that it is not high to pick up the accuracy of S wave at present.It is proposed that improvement side
Method, since earthquake S wave first arrival absolute amplitude is big, especially for Ms>=4.0 earthquake is often greater than 100cm/s2Number
Magnitude, though it is little with interference wave-amplitude relative different, but since interference wave-amplitude is less than 100cm/s2The order of magnitude, standard deviation warp
Behind side for several times, the standard deviation meeting very little of wave is interfered, improving degree of skewness can be very big；Since S wave first arrival horizontal direction closes amplitude number
Magnitude is greater than 100cm/s2, increase rapidly after the multiple side of standard deviation, improved degree of skewness is reduced rapidly, the gap with interference wave
Become larger, so improved method is well suited for picking up S wave then.
Even if S wave first arrival amplitude is not achieved 100cm/s2The order of magnitude, but 10-1cm/s2The order of magnitude, if we assume that dry
The amplitude for disturbing wave is 10-2cm/s2The order of magnitude, the n=5 in formula (2) are inclined by the improvement that available interference wave is roughly calculated
Gradient is about 1010cm/s2The order of magnitude, and the improvement degree of skewness of seismic signal is about 105cm/s2The order of magnitude, the two it is opposite
Difference is also fairly obvious.
Seismic wave is along straightline propagation when propagating in uniform, isotropic medium.But medium of earth crust is layered distribution
, closer from the ground, Media density is smaller, and velocity of wave also becomes smaller.It is directly proportional to velocity of wave by law of refraction layered halfspace angle sine,
When seismic wave is transmitted to earth's surface from deep, the reduction of velocity of wave can be such that the incidence angle of seismic wave reduces, so that received in earth's surface
Seismic wave is all that nearly vertically face is incident.
S wave direction of vibration is vertical with the direction of propagation, and horizontal direction vibration is strong, so it is horizontal using two to pick up S wave seismic phase
Direction, it may be assumed that thing, north-south earthquake record are inputted as Micro-seismic Signals, are calculated horizontal earthquake with formula (1) and are recorded width
Value, obtains characteristic function xi(t), wherein xEWIt (t) is East and West direction earthquake record, xNSIt (t) is north-south earthquake record.
First wave crest or trough that seismic wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO is defined as seismic wave then, so we use thing, north and south
Seismic wave S TRANSFORMATION RATIO is picked up to amplitude is closed, physical significance is clear.Some Authors of Science Articles energy gradients are as spy
It is insecure for levying function and picking up seismic phase, because the energy gradient at wave crest or trough is often little.
Advantageous effects:
The present invention proposes a kind of automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method for improving degree of skewness, improve the major part of degree of skewness with
The high power of standard deviation is inversely proportional, and highlights effect of the standard deviation to description fluctuation；The use of the high power of improved method standard deviation,
So that improve degree of skewness computation interval monotone variation when entering seismic signal area, but also seismic signal and non-seismic signal change
Difference into degree of skewness is obvious, and this apparent difference allows us to determine seismic phase by improving degree of skewness relative change rate
Then, so that the error for picking up TRANSFORMATION RATIO is small；It defines horizontal direction earthquake record conjunction amplitude and is characterized function, highlight
The Novel presentation of S wave then；Improved method picks up TRANSFORMATION RATIO without any filtering processing, will not make wave distortion；This hair
The bright pickup that can be generalized to P wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method flow diagram of improvement degree of skewness of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the seismic acceleration north-south of the embodiment of the present invention records；
Fig. 3 is that the seismic acceleration East and West direction of the embodiment of the present invention records；
Fig. 4 is that the horizontal direction of the embodiment of the present invention closes amplitude；
Fig. 5 is the improvement degree of skewness of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is relative change rate's curve of the improvement degree of skewness of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the pickup S wave then error of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the pickup then error analysis of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the degree of skewness of the embodiment of the present invention not changed；
Figure 10 is that curve is compared in the opposite variation for not improving degree of skewness of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the improvement degree of skewness of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is relative change rate's curve of the improvement degree of skewness of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Invention is described further with specific implementation example with reference to the accompanying drawing, a kind of automatic Picking improving degree of skewness
S wave seismic phase method, as shown in Figure 1, detailed process is as follows:
Step 1: inputting earthquake East and West direction, north-south earthquake record respectively, wherein use xEW(t) East and West direction earthquake note is indicated
Record, as shown in figure 3, using xNS(t) north-south earthquake record is indicated, as shown in Figure 2；
Step 2: according to thing, north-south earthquake record, calculating characteristic function x with formula (1)i(t), i.e., earthquake motion is horizontal
To close amplitude, wherein xEWIt (t) is East and West direction earthquake record, xNSIt (t) is north-south earthquake record, as shown in Figure 4:
Characteristic function selection is different from Allen, with reference to Allen R V.Automatic earthquake
Recognition and timing from single traces [J] .BSSA, 1978,68 (5): 1521-1532, and
Allen R V.Automatic Phase pickers:their Present use and future prospects[J]
.BSSA,1982,72(6B):S225-S242.The characteristic function of Allen has selected the sum of amplitude amplitude and amplitude variations.Due to
The definition of seismic wave then is at wave crest or trough, and amplitude is very big at wave crest or trough, but the variation of amplitude be generally not greatly,
The way of Allen may be characteristic function extreme point be not seismic phase then；We discuss with related in characteristic function selection
Literary different, it is insecure that they, which pick up seismic phase as characteristic function with energy gradient, because of the energy at wave crest or trough
Quantitative change rate is frequently not great.We select S wave, also known as shearing wave or shear wave, and with horizontal thing, north-south, this two
Divide to amplitude is closed as characteristic function, rather than in relation to thing, north and south and the vertical three-component record in paper, highlights S
Wave Horizontal Vibration strong feature also highlights the Novel presentation of TRANSFORMATION RATIO after the amplitude in thing, north-south is synthesized.
Step 3: in entire earthquake record slot, calculating the improved degree of skewness of characteristic function with formula (2), (3) and (4)
Ki(t), as shown in Figure 5:
Improve when degree of skewness highlights the input of no seismic signal that standard deviation is small, degree of skewness is big, when having seismic signal input
Standard deviation is big, and degree of skewness is small, i.e., when whether there is or not seismic signal, improvement degree of skewness difference is obvious, and physical significance is also very clear, changes
It indicates that signal fluctuation is horizontal into degree of skewness, selects n=5 at this time.
Step 4: in entire earthquake record slot, with formula (5) computed improved degree of skewness relative change rate's absolute value sequence
Arrange { ri(t) }, as shown in Figure 6:
Different from related Authors of Science Articles, S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO of the present invention is not in degree of skewness slope of curve maximum, and adjacent
It improves at degree of skewness relative change rate maximum absolute value.
Step 5: the maximum value improved in the absolute value sequence of degree of skewness relative change rate, maximum value pair are picked up with formula (6)
It is exactly S wave initial time at the time of answering, as shown in fig. 6, S wave initial time is 18.975s.
rmax=max { ri(t)} (6)
Error analysis:
100 earthquake magnitudes are chosen greater than Ms4.0 earthquake, its S wave is picked up by hand then as standard, improves deflection with us
Degree method picks up S wave then, and absolute error curve is as shown in Figure 7.When the S wave seismic phase of pickup shifts to an earlier date standard value, error is
It is negative, otherwise it is positive.
From figure 7 it can be seen that the error picked up is all in 0.1s.We use Fig. 8 analytical error reason.We define seismic phase
At the time of then correspondence for seismic wave wave crest or trough, i.e., when improvement degree of skewness computation interval completely into and just completely into
When entering seismic signal section, improves degree of skewness and calculate crest location locating for the starting point in area, i.e. the position at 1 moment in Fig. 8, this
When become very big due to standard deviation, improved degree of skewness becomes very little, adjacent improvement degree of skewness relative change rate's absolute value suddenly
It is very big, S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO is corresponded at maximum value, has accurately been picked up at this time then；If seismic first breaks amplitude is relatively
Greatly, it improves degree of skewness and reduces quickly, so that improving degree of skewness calculates area not yet completely into seismic signal area, improve inclined
Gradient relative change rate's absolute value has reached the maximum value, and such as 2 moment corresponding position in Fig. 8, the S wave seismic phase picked up at this time is arrived
Shi Tiqian；If the first arrival amplitude of seismic wave is relatively small, improves degree of skewness and reduce slowly, so that improving degree of skewness calculates area
Completely into seismic signal area and more than 1 moment in Fig. 8, improves degree of skewness relative change rate absolute value and just reach maximum value, such as
3 moment corresponding position in Fig. 8, the S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO picked up at this time fall behind.
Preceding to have addressed, we define TRANSFORMATION RATIO at the time of be that seismic wave wave crest or trough correspond to, this be we uniformly
Standard, but actually seismic wave seismic phase has arrived at before wave crest or trough, and in Fig. 8, the S wave seismic phase of definition is at 1
Be carved into and reach, but 2 moment seismic phases have arrived at, thus need not require excessively accurately then, as long as error is smaller, Wo Mengai
Into method with regard to meaningful.
There is Authors of Science Articles to pick up P wave then with degree of skewness, does not study S wave and then pick up.We promote this method, answer
It is greater than M for earthquake magnitudes4.0 ruinous earthquake S wave waveform modeling, propose improve degree of skewness pick up S wave seismic phase method, and with
Toward S wave seismic phase due to by P wave arrive first interference so that pick up accuracy it is not high, it is proposed that method enrich waveform modeling reason
By.
Influence of the standard deviation to degree of skewness is improved:
Fig. 9 is unmodified skewness function, and since the power of function is n=4, computation interval enters seismic signal
Period, fluctuation increase is not relatively fairly obvious, and degree of skewness does not reduce not instead of always near S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO, have one partially
The increase of gradient.Figure 10 is unmodified degree of skewness relative change rate absolute value curve, and curve explanation becomes to improve degree of skewness
Change and rise and fall seriously, many maximum during which occur, and ratio absolute value is not much different, is brought to determining TRANSFORMATION RATIO many tired
It is difficult.Figure 11 is to improve degree of skewness curve, n=8, since the power of function is n=8, when computation interval enters seismic signal
Section, fluctuation increase is relatively fairly obvious, and reducing always for degree of skewness is improved near S wave TRANSFORMATION RATIO.Figure 12 is to improve partially
Relative change rate's absolute value curve of gradient, n=8, within the whole period, only one is fairly obvious very big for entire curve
Value.Herein improve degree of skewness it is totally little, but due to enter seismic signal area after, occur one it is inclined in close proximity to zero improvement
Gradient, so that its relative change rate's maximum absolute value.The appropriate big n value of this explanation is beneficial to accurate pickup TRANSFORMATION RATIO.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method for improving degree of skewness, which is characterized in that detailed process is as follows:
Step 1: inputting earthquake East and West direction, north-south earthquake record respectively；
Step 2: according to thing, north-south earthquake record, calculating characteristic function x with formula (1)i(t), i.e., earthquake motion horizontal direction is closed
Amplitude, wherein xEW(t) East and West direction earthquake record, x are indicatedNS(t) north-south earthquake record is indicated:
Step 3: in entire earthquake record slot, calculating the improved degree of skewness K of characteristic function with formula (2), (3) and (4)
(t):
Wherein, M is record points, i.e. record duration；To record statistical average in sampling periods M, when σ (t) is sampling
Record data x in section Mi(t) standard deviation, n are positive integer；
Step 4: in entire earthquake record slot, with formula (5) computed improved degree of skewness relative change rate's absolute value, obtaining sequence
Arrange { ri(t) }:
Wherein, Ki-1(t-1) degree of skewness, K are improved for previous momenti(t) degree of skewness is improved for current time；
Step 5: being picked up with formula (6) and improve the absolute value sequence { r of degree of skewness relative change ratei(t) } maximum value rmax, correspond to
At the time of be exactly S wave initial time:
rmax=max { ri(t)}。 (6)
2. a kind of automatic Picking S wave seismic phase method for improving degree of skewness according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described to change
Into degree of skewness in n take the positive integer more than or equal to 5.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN112987101A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-18 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for accurately picking up seismic wave take-off time |
| CN116953784A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-10-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method and device for picking up ice layer vibration source signals in time |
| CN116953784B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2024-06-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method and device for picking up ice layer vibration source signals in time |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112987101A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-18 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Method for accurately picking up seismic wave take-off time |
| CN116953784A (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2023-10-27 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method and device for picking up ice layer vibration source signals in time |
| CN116953784B (en) * | 2023-07-17 | 2024-06-04 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Method and device for picking up ice layer vibration source signals in time |
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