CN109298054A - Bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode and application - Google Patents
Bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrodes, including the mixture formed by graphite powder and ionic liquid mixed compaction and the electrode conductor being inserted into the mixture, the ionic liquid is bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole ionic liquid.The invention also discloses the preparation method of above-mentioned modified electrode and the applications in hydroquinone and ascorbic acid measurement.The present invention is fabricated to carbon paste electrode using ionic liquid bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole, can greatly improve the sensitivity of electrode.And bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified determination of electrode organic matter hydroquinone and ascorbic acid are utilized, and carries out measurement qualitatively and quantitatively, stability and reproducibility are better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical analysis field, especially a kind of bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified
Electrode and its application.
Background technique
Carbon paste electrode (CarbonPaste Electrode) at first by Adams in the fifties electric conductivity graphite powder and
Hydrophobic binder production.Due to CPE have favorable reproducibility, it is at low cost, have a wide range of application, easy to make, nontoxic, long service life
The features such as be increasingly subject to the favor of Electroanalytical Chemistry worker.Carbon paste electrode (abbreviation CPE) be using electric conductivity graphite powder (
Grain diameter about 0.02~0.01mm) with the adhesive (such as paraffin, silicone oil) of hydrophobicity it is mixed and made into paste, then applied
On electrode bar surface or it is packed into electrode tube and manufactured a kind of electrode.The performance of carbon paste electrode depends primarily on preparation side
Method, material therefor, electrode surface state and use time etc..Therefore, the preparation of carbon paste electrode is one basic and important
Work.Preparing main material required for carbon paste electrode is graphite powder and adhesive, the performance of carbon paste electrode and binder used
There are much relations.It is maximum with the electrochemical window of atoleine in binder used at present, but atoleine purity is low and conductive
Property is poor, constrains development of traditional carbon paste electrode in electrochemistry in a way.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electricity that can improve electrode sensitivity
Pole and its application.
To achieve the above object, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode, including mixed by graphite powder and ionic liquid
The electrode conductor in mixture and the insertion mixture that combined pressure is formed in fact, the ionic liquid is bromination 1- tert-butyl-
3- methylimidazole ionic liquid.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the graphite powder and ionic liquid is 2.3:1~2.6:1.
A kind of preparation method of bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode as described above, comprising:
Graphite powder and ionic liquid are uniformly mixed, appropriate amount of fluid paraffin, then uniform mixed liquor is added, forms the carbon of Ionic Liquid Modified
Paste;The carbon paste is placed in container and is compacted;It is inserted into electrode conductor in the mixture of compacting, obtains modified electrode.
In one embodiment, after being inserted into electrode conductor further include: polish smooth electrode surface.
It is a kind of to utilize bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified determination of electrode hydroquinone as described above
Method, comprising: take sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer buffer of pH=7.50 as bottom liquid, be added to be detected
Solution uses three-electrode system: modified electrode is working electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, and 222 type reference electrodes use electrochemistry
Work station carries out voltammetric scan within the scope of -1.0~1.0V, peak current and spike potential is recorded, if solution to be detected is in+0.088V
Left and right generates a sensitive oxidation peak, the concentration of the peak current of the oxidation peak and solution to be detected 2.27 × 10-2~3.64 ×
10-2molL-1 is in good linear relationship, then Preliminary Determination solution to be detected is hydroquinone.
It is a kind of to utilize bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified determination of electrode ascorbic acid as described above
Method, take sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer buffer of pH=7.50 as bottom liquid, solution to be detected be added,
Use three-electrode system: modified electrode is working electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, and 222 type reference electrodes use electrochemical workstation
Voltammetric scan is carried out within the scope of -1.0~1.0V, records peak current and spike potential, if solution to be detected is produced in -0.022V or so
The concentration of a raw sensitive oxidation peak, the peak current of the oxidation peak and solution to be detected is in 0.93 × 10-3molL-1~1.48
× 10-3molL-1 is in good linear relationship, then Preliminary Determination solution to be detected is ascorbic acid.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention is fabricated to carbon using ionic liquid bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole
Paste electrode can greatly improve the sensitivity of electrode.And utilize bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode
Organic matter hydroquinone and ascorbic acid are measured, and carries out measurement qualitatively and quantitatively, stability and reproducibility are better.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the potassium ferricyanide cyclic voltammogram of CILE and CPE.
Fig. 2 is the cyclic voltammetry curve of hydroquinone.
Fig. 3 is the square wave voltammogram of the hydroquinone of various concentration.
Fig. 4 is the electrode reproducibility schematic diagram of hydroquinone.
Fig. 5 is the cyclic voltammetry curve figure of ascorbic acid.
Fig. 6 is the differential pulse voltammetry figure of ascorbic acid.
Fig. 7 is the electrode reproducibility schematic diagram of hydroquinone.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and example, the present invention will be further described.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole ionic liquid use one-step synthesis, one
Step synthesis ionic liquid, operates economical and convenient, without by-product, easy purification of products.Its chemical engineering formula are as follows:
C4H9Br+C4H6N2→C8H15N2Br
Method: weighing 16mLN- methylimidazole in a round bottom flask, and 10mL toluene is added, and bromo is then being slowly added dropwise just
Tertiary butane 22mL is heated to 80 degree, gentle reflux 3-4h.Layering removes upper layer solvent after having reacted, and collects lower liquid, then
It carries out that a small amount of solvent is evaporated off, finally obtains emulsus translucent object, weigh to obtain product 38.02g, yield 86.8%.
Bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode the preparation method comprises the following steps: graphite powder and ionic liquid
It is uniformly mixed with mass ratio 3:1, appropriate amount of fluid paraffin is added, and with the uniform mixed liquor of ultrasonic washing instrument, by this ionic liquid
The carbon paste of modification tightly fills in internal diameter 3mm plastic syringe (internal diameter is about 3mm), and one copper wire of interpolation is led as electrode after compacting
Body, electrode surface are polished smooth with pan paper, and ionic liquid/graphite electrode (carbon ionic liquid is made
Electrode, CILE).Paraffin/graphite electrode (carbon paraffin electrode, CPE) is made in the same way, makees
For comparative example.The condition for preparing CILE and CPE electrode is optimized, in the mass ratio of graphite powder and ionic liquid (paraffin)
Respectively 5:1,4:1,3:1,2:1 and 1:1 when determine optimal proportion.The easy powder of mixture when ionic liquid or very little paraffin dosage
It is broken and fall off;When ionic liquid or too big paraffin dosage, mixture is difficult to form.Experiment is final to determine graphite powder and ionic liquid
Body (paraffin) mass ratio is 2.3:1~2.6:1.
Prepare Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution:
The Na2HPO4 standard solution of 0.05molL-1: Na is accurately weighed2HPO4Solid 3.5490g adds a small amount of water to dissolve,
Dilution is settled to 500mL;
0.05mol·L-1NaH2PO4Standard solution: NaH is accurately weighed2PO4Solid 2.9994g adds a small amount of water to dissolve,
Dilution is settled to 500mL.The pH value for adjusting NaH2PO4 standard solution when use with Na2HPO4 standard solution, can be obtained difference
Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 buffer solution under pH value.
One, the present embodiment is compared with comparative example
The potassium ferricyanide that 3 bottles of concentration are 0.05,0.10,0.15molL-1 is prepared, the sodium dihydrogen phosphate-of pH=7.50 is taken
Disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer buffer 4mL is respectively dropped into as 3 different electrolysis cups as bottom liquid, and the iron cyanogen of various concentration is added
Change each 1mL of potassium, use three-electrode system: for modified electrode (CILE, CPE) for working electrode, platinum electrode is to electrode, 222 types ginseng
Than electrode, voltammetric scan is carried out within the scope of -1.0~1.0V with electrochemical workstation, records peak current and spike potential.
To concentration be 0.20molL-1 the potassium ferricyanide pH=7.50 sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer
In, continuous cyclic voltammetry scan is carried out within the scope of -1.0~1.0V with electrochemical workstation, and bromination 1- is measured under the same terms
Tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole/graphite electrode (carbon ionic liquid electrode, CILE) and paraffin/graphite electrode
The cyclic voltammetry curve of (carbon paraffin electrode, CPE) is shown in Fig. 1, and wherein peak is significantly CILE, unobvious
It is CPE.From the figure, it can be seen that the potassium ferricyanide has a good reduction peak at 0.0042V (vs.SCE) ,+
There is an oxidation peak at 0.404V, illustrates that its reaction on bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole modified electrode (CILE) is
One reversible oxidation-reduction process.And traditional carbon paste electrode (CPE) does not have the reaction of Ionic Liquid Modified electrode (CILE) bright
It is aobvious, illustrate that the presence of ionic liquid can effectively improve electrical efficiency, accelerates electron transfer rate, therefore invertibity is changed
Kind, the response of peak current increases, and CILE electrode reacts good reversibility than traditional CPE high sensitivity, response quickly.
This experiment by synthesis bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole be made modified electrode CILE, and with traditional carbon paste
Electrode CPE is compared, the results showed that the sensitivity of CILE is better than CPE, response quickly, reacts good reversibility.Illustrate ionic liquid
The presence of body can effectively improve electrical efficiency, accelerate electron transfer rate.
Two, the electrochemical gaging of hydroquinone
Electrode pretreatment, the bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole modified electrode of production are first thrown with fine sandpaper before the assay
Light, then polished smooth with pan paper, filter paper wipe it is dry after can be used to measure, all experiments carry out at room temperature.Prepare concentration
2.27×10-2、2.73×10-2、3.27×10-2、3.64×10-2mol·L-1Hydroquinone, with sodium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid
Disodium hydrogen buffer solution is bottom liquid, and respectively in different pH, various concentration, difference sweeps speed, using three electricity under the conditions of repeatedly waiting
Electrode systems carry out cyclic voltammetry scan within the scope of -0.6~0.8V, record peak current and spike potential.
It is 3.64 × 10 to concentration-2mol·L-1Hydroquinone pH=7.50 sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate
In buffer solution, continuous cyclic voltammetry scan is carried out within the scope of -1~1V, cyclic voltammetry curve is shown in Fig. 2.It can be with from figure
See, hydroquinone has a good oxidation peak at+0.277V (vs.SCE), has one significantly to go back at -0.024V
Parent peak illustrates that its reaction on modified electrode is a reversible oxidation-reduction process.
In sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution of pH=7.50, the hydroquinone of various concentration is carried out
Square wave voltammetric scan, sweep speed 100mV/s, volt-ampere curve are shown in Fig. 3.It can be seen in figure 3 that hydroquinone-
There is a sensitive reduction peak at 0.056V.
Experiment shows that the quinol solution prepared measures and place immediately after a certain period of time row measurement again, finds room temperature
Middle solution colour does not change, and peak height and peak row also do not change, and without there are apparent impurity peaks, solution is unchanged
Matter illustrates that the stabilization of system is preferable.
It is 7.50 sodium dihydrogen phosphates-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution with pH if Fig. 4 is under selected optimum experimental condition
Make bottom liquid, uses CV method to concentration for 3.64 × 10-2mol·L-1Quinol solution carried out 6 times parallel determination, from figure
In it can be seen that system reproducibility it is good.
It is 3.64 × 10 to concentration-2mol·L-1Quinol solution be measured, investigation sweep speed to peak current and peak
The influence of current potential.Such as Fig. 7 it can be seen that when sweep speed change within the scope of 20~200mV/s when, spike potential with sweep speed increase
And increase, and spike potential (Ep) and sweep between fast (v) that there are good linear relationships.Its linear equation are as follows: Ep=0.1615+
0.0009v, coefficient R=0.9975.Comprehensively consider selection and sweeps fast 100mV/s.
Under above-mentioned selected optimum condition, in sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution that pH is 7.50,
Hydroquinone concentration is 2.27 × 10-2~3.64 × 10-2mol·L-1There are linear relationship, lines with peak current (ip) in range
Property equation are as follows: ip=-0.1431-2.3778c, coefficient R=0.9986.According to DL=3Sb/ S, it can be deduced that this method pair
The detection that hydroquinone is measured is limited to 2.0 × 10-7mol·L-1。
Accurate known content of drawing is 1.46 × 10-3mol·L-1Hydroquinone standard solution 1mL in 1~No. 3 colorimetric
Guan Zhong, then accurate concentration of drawing is 3.64 × 10-3mol·L-1Hydroquinone standard solution 1mL, 2mL, 3mL be respectively placed in 1
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution 4mL that pH value is 7.50 is added after in~No. 3 colorimetric cylinders, by above-mentioned electrochemistry
Analysis condition is scanned, and measurement result is as shown in table 1:
The rate of recovery of 1 hydroquinone of table
Above-mentioned experiment according to the bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole modified electrode of hydroquinone and production have response to
A series of test and discussion have been carried out, has shown that reaction of the hydroquinone on modified electrode is a reversible redox
Process, and find in Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4In the liquid of bottom, hydroquinone generates a sensitive oxidation peak in+0.088V or so,
The peak current of the oxidation peak and the concentration of hydroquinone are 2.27 × 10-2~3.64 × 10-2mol·L-1In good linear pass
It is (R=0.9986) that detection is limited to 2.0 × 10-7mol·L-1.And it can be concluded that homemade Ionic Liquid Modified electrode is steady
It is all relatively better in qualitative and sensitivity, it can do rough detection for hydroquinone and probe into.
Three, the electrochemical analysis of ascorbic acid
Electrode pretreatment, the bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole liquid modified electrode of production first use fine sand before the assay
Paper polishing, then polished smooth with pan paper, filter paper wipe it is dry after can be used to measure, all experiments carry out at room temperature.Preparation
Concentration is 0.92 × 10-2mol·L-3、1.10×10-2mol·L-3、1.28×10-3mol·L-1、1.46×10-3mol·L-1
Ascorbic Acid, using sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution as bottom liquid, respectively in different pH, various concentration is different
Speed is swept, three-electrode system is used under the conditions of repeatedly waiting, cyclic voltammetry scan is carried out within the scope of -0.6~0.8V, record peak
Electric current and spike potential.
It is 1.46 × 10 to concentration-3mol·L-1Ascorbic acid pH=7.50 sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate
In buffer solution, continuous cyclic voltammetry scan is carried out within the scope of -0.2~0.4V, cyclic voltammetry curve is shown in Fig. 5.From figure
It can be seen that Ascorbic Acid has a good oxidation peak at -0.022V (vs.SCE), illustrate it on modified electrode
Reaction is an irreversible oxidation process.
In sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution of pH=7.50,1.46 × 10-3mol·L-1Pair of concentration
Ascorbic acid carries out differential pulse voltammetry scanning, sweep speed 100mV/s, and volt-ampere curve is shown in Fig. 6.It will be seen from figure 6 that
Ascorbic acid has a sensitive reduction peak at+0.060V.
Under selected optimum experimental condition, use CV method slow for 7.50 sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate to pH
Solution is rushed, concentration is 1.46 × 10-3mol·L-1To bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methyl imidazole solution, carried out 5 times and parallel surveyed
Fixed, the reproducibility of system is good as can be seen from Figure 7.
To 1.46 × 10-3mol·L-1Ascorbic Acid solution be measured, investigation sweep speed to peak current and spike potential
Influence.The result shows that when sweep speed change within the scope of 20~200mV/s when, spike potential with sweep speed increase and increase, and
Spike potential (Ep) and sweep between fast (v) that there are good linear relationships.Its linear equation are as follows: Ep=0.1367-0.0003v, phase
Relationship number R=0.9964.Comprehensively consider selection and sweeps fast 100mV/s.
Experiment shows that the Ascorbic Acid solution prepared measures and place immediately after a certain period of time row measurement again, finds room
Middle benefit gas solution colour does not change, and peak height and peak row also do not change, but impurity peaks occur, and solution does not go bad.Explanation
The stabilization of system is general.
Under above-mentioned selected optimum condition, in sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution that pH is 7.50,
Ascorbic Acid concentration is 0.92 × 10-3mol·L-1~1.46 × 10-3mol·L-1Exist linearly in range with peak current (ip)
Relationship, linear equation are as follows: ip=-0.0242-8.0038c, coefficient R=0.9975.According to DL=3Sb/ S can be obtained
The detection that this method Ascorbic Acid is measured out is limited to 6.01 × 10-7mol·L-1。
Accurate known content of drawing is 1.46 × 10-3mol·L-1Ascorbic acid standard solution 1mL in 1~No. 3 colorimetric
Guan Zhong, then accurate concentration of drawing is 3.64 × 10-3mol·L-1Ascorbic acid standard solution 1mL, 2mL, 3mL be respectively placed in 1
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution 4mL that pH value is 7.50 is added after in~No. 3 colorimetric cylinders, by above-mentioned electrochemistry
Analysis condition is scanned, and measurement result is as shown in table 2:
The rate of recovery of 2 ascorbic acid of table
This experiment according to the bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole liquid modified electrode of ascorbic acid and production have response from
And a series of test and discussion have been carried out, it finds in the liquid of the bottom Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4, Ascorbic Acid is in the left side -0.022V
The concentration of one sensitive oxidation peak of right generation, the peak current of the oxidation peak and ascorbic acid 0.93 × 10-3molL-1~
1.48 × 10-3molL-1 is in good linear relationship (R=0.9975), and detection is limited to 6.0 × 10-7molL-1, and
It can be seen that homemade bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole liquid modified electrode is all better in stability and sensitivity
It is good, it can do rough detection for ascorbic acid and probe into.
The present embodiment is fabricated to carbon paste electrode by the novel ion liquid bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole synthesized, benefit
The two kinds of organic matter hydroquinones and ascorbic acid for having response to it are found out with electrochemical analysis, and carry out survey qualitatively and quantitatively
It is fixed, and detect its stability and reproducibility.The result shows that ionic liquid has apparent optimization function to carbon paste electrode, mention significantly
The high sensitivity of electrode.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode, which is characterized in that including by graphite powder and from
The electrode conductor in mixture and the insertion mixture that sub- liquid mixed compaction is formed, the ionic liquid is bromination 1-
Tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole ionic liquid.
2. modified electrode according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of the graphite powder and ionic liquid is
2.3:1~2.6:1.
3. a kind of preparation side of bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified electrode as claimed in claim 1 or 2
Method characterized by comprising graphite powder and ionic liquid are uniformly mixed, appropriate amount of fluid paraffin, then uniform mixed liquor is added,
Form the carbon paste of Ionic Liquid Modified;The carbon paste is placed in container and is compacted;Electrode is inserted into the mixture of compacting to lead
Body obtains modified electrode.
4. preparation method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that after being inserted into electrode conductor further include: by electrode table
Face polishes smooth.
5. a kind of utilize bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified determination of electrode as claimed in claim 1 or 2
The method of hydroquinone characterized by comprising take sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer buffer of pH=7.50
As bottom liquid, solution to be detected is added, uses three-electrode system: for modified electrode for working electrode, platinum electrode is to electrode 222
Type reference electrode carries out voltammetric scan with electrochemical workstation within the scope of -1.0~1.0V, records peak current and spike potential, if
Solution to be detected generates a sensitive oxidation peak, the concentration of the peak current of the oxidation peak and solution to be detected in+0.088V or so
2.27 × 10-2~3.64 × 10-2mol·L-1In good linear relationship, then Preliminary Determination solution to be detected is to benzene two
Phenol.
6. a kind of utilize bromination 1- tert-butyl -3- methylimidazole Ionic Liquid Modified determination of electrode as claimed in claim 1 or 2
The method of ascorbic acid, which is characterized in that take sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer buffer of pH=7.50 the bottom of as
Liquid is added solution to be detected, uses three-electrode system: for modified electrode for working electrode, platinum electrode is to electrode, 222 type references
Electrode carries out voltammetric scan with electrochemical workstation within the scope of -1.0~1.0V, peak current and spike potential is recorded, if to be detected
Solution generates a sensitive oxidation peak in -0.022V or so, and the concentration of the peak current of the oxidation peak and solution to be detected is 0.93
×10-3mol·L-1~1.48 × 10-3mol·L-1In good linear relationship, then Preliminary Determination solution to be detected is Vitamin C
Acid.
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