CN109297910B - Polarization angle error correction method for time-sharing imaging polarization image - Google Patents
Polarization angle error correction method for time-sharing imaging polarization image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a polarization angle error correction method of a time-sharing imaging polarization image, and belongs to the technical field of image processing and test measurement. The method measures the polarizer angle error of the time-sharing polarization imaging system to be corrected; then, calculating and correcting the polarization angle information of the polarization image according to the Malus law and the Stokes parameters; and finally, according to the Malus law, the Stokes parameter and the corrected polarization angle information, the information of the polarization degree is corrected. The method can eliminate the adverse effect of the angle error of the polaroid on the polarization information of the polarization image, reduce the measurement and calculation errors of the polarization degree and the polarization angle image, and improve the polarization information accuracy of the time-sharing polarization system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polarizer angle error correction method based on time-sharing imaging polarization images, in particular to a method for correcting polarization information aiming at rotating polarizer angle errors.
Background
Compared with intensity imaging, the polarization image increases the dimensionality (such as polarization degree and polarization angle) of the polarization information of the surface of the target on the basis of the intensity imaging, the polarization characteristics can express rich information such as the surface state and material of the target, the influence of a complex background and environment on the image can be weakened, and the polarization image is widely concerned in the fields of target identification, remote sensing, bionics navigation and the like.
According to the structure difference of the polarization imaging system, the polarization imaging system is mainly divided into time-sharing imaging and simultaneous imaging. The time-sharing imaging polarization system performs polarization imaging on the same target at different moments and is suitable for a static target; meanwhile, the imaging polarization system obtains images of different polarization angles of the target through one-time exposure, and is suitable for both static targets and moving targets. Because the cost of the simultaneous imaging polarization system is high, and the time-sharing imaging system is relatively low, the time-sharing polarization imaging system is mostly adopted in the current research.
The key of the time-sharing polarization imaging system for acquiring the polarization image is that the polarizing film images the target at different angles to obtain the polarization image. In the current stage of time-sharing imaging system, a motor is generally adopted to drive a polarizer to rotate so as to respectively acquire polarization images under 4 polarization angles of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees. However, in the process of acquiring an image by adopting the method, because the initial position of the motor does not return to 0, under the influence of the rotation precision of the motor and the like, a certain error is generated between the acquired 4 polarization angles and an ideal value, which brings great influence on the accuracy of calculating polarization information.
In summary, for the time-sharing imaging polarization system, it is important to perform a correction process on the obtained polarization angle error, and it is not necessary to perform the correction process. How to correct the polarization angle error to increase the accuracy of the polarization information is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a polarization angle error correction method of a time-sharing polarization imaging image, which aims to correct the problem of inaccurate polarization information of a time-sharing polarization imaging system caused by polarization angle error, effectively correct the time-sharing polarization imaging system and a polarization image acquired by the time-sharing polarization imaging system, and improve the precision of the polarization system and the accuracy of polarization information
The invention discloses a polarization angle error correction method of a time-sharing imaging polarization image, which comprises the steps of firstly measuring angle errors delta of 4 directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees of a polarization system and theoretical values0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135(ii) a Then, correcting the polarization angle by applying a Stokes parameter according to the angle error and the polarization angle information in the polarization image; and finally, correcting the polarization degree of the polarization image according to the Stokes parameters of the polarization image.
The invention discloses a polarization angle error correction method of a time-sharing imaging polarization image, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the angle error of the polaroid of the uncorrected polarization system.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.1, placing a light source in front of a polarization system to be corrected to ensure that the light source is full of the whole field of view; adjusting the light intensity of the light source to enable the gray value of the polarization system to be lower than the maximum value;
step 1.2, polarizing plates with accurately calibrated angles are added into a light source and a polarization system, the polarization angles of the polarization system are respectively adjusted to 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, the calibrated polarizing plates are respectively rotated to-90 degrees, -45 degrees, 0 degrees and 45 degrees of extinction angles of the polarizing plates, errors of the polarizing plates are counted, and the errors in 4 directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees are respectively delta0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135. To reduce the effect of random errors, the angular error is measured at least 4 times and then averaged.
And 2, correcting the polarization image by using the polarization angle error.
The target and background light can be decomposed into natural light and polarized light, and is expressed as:
Itotal=Ip+Iup (1)
wherein ItotalRepresents the total light intensity, IpRepresenting polarized light, IupRepresenting unpolarized or natural light.
According to the Malus law, the light intensity obtained by the polarization system at each polarization angle is calculated and expressed as follows:
wherein, I0、I45、I90、I135Respectively representing the light intensities of the polaroid at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and the included angle alpha between the polarized light and the polarization direction of the polaroid.
The stokes parameter of a polarization image can be expressed as:
where I, Q, U, V represents the intensity of the polarized image, the horizontal/vertical component, + 45/45 components, and the circularly polarized component, respectively, which is generally ignored.
Step 2.1, correcting the polarization angle error in the polarization image, and expressing an image polarization angle equation as follows:
where the erroneous polarization angle is denoted as α' and the actual polarization angle is denoted as α.
By substituting Q, U components into the equation, the polarization angle α' with error and the polarization angle error Δ can be obtained0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135And the actual polarization angle α can be expressed as:
known as0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135α', the actual polarization angle α can be solved.
Step 2.2, correcting the polarization degree error in the polarization image, wherein an image polarization degree equation is expressed as:
here, the polarization degree with error is represented as β', and the actual polarization degree is represented as β.
The I, Q, U component is substituted into the equation to obtain the polarization degree with error beta' and the polarization angle error delta0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135The relation between the actual polarization angle α and the actual polarization degree β can be expressed as:
known as0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135Beta' and the polarization angle alpha is obtained according to the solution in the step 1, and the actual polarization degree beta can be obtained through calculation.
Has the advantages that:
the time-sharing polarization system is corrected according to the measured polarization angle error, the polarization information accuracy obtained by the polarization system is effectively improved, meanwhile, the acquired polarization image with inaccurate polarization degree and polarization angle caused by the angle error of the polarizing plate can be corrected, and the accuracy of the polarization information of the acquired polarization image is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for polarization angle error correction of time-sharing imaging polarization images.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polarization angle correction of a visible light polarization image.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of polarization angle correction of an infrared polarization image.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, methods and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the invention is further described herein with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are set forth to illustrate the objects and methods of the invention in detail for the purpose of understanding the invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. The method provided by the invention can be used in a visible light polarization system and an infrared polarization system.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a method for correcting a time-division polarization imaging system and correcting an acquired polarization image, which comprises the steps of measuring the angle error of a polarization plate in the polarization system and correcting Stokes parameters, polarization degree and polarization angle information in the polarization image. Compared with an uncorrected polarization system, the Stokes parameter, the polarization degree and the polarization angle information calculated by the method are more accurate.
Example 1:
the embodiment 1 of the invention corrects the angle error of the polaroid of the visible light polarization system, and the experimental facility comprises an integrating sphere, a polaroid for accurately calibrating the angle and the visible light polarization system to be corrected. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the angle error of a polarizer of a visible light polarization system.
For the method for correcting the angle error of the polarizer of the visible light polarization system in this embodiment 1, the specific implementation steps include:
step 1, measuring the angle error of a polaroid of a polarization system to be corrected.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.1, placing an integrating sphere in front of a polarization system to be corrected, and ensuring that a light source generated by the integrating sphere is full of the whole view field; adjusting the light intensity of the integrating sphere to enable the gray value of the polarization system to be lower than the maximum value;
step 1.2, polarizing plates with accurately calibrated angles are added into an integrating sphere and a polarization system, the polarization angles of the polarization system are respectively adjusted to 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, the calibrated polarizing plates are respectively rotated to-90 degrees, -45 degrees, 0 degrees and 45 degrees of extinction angles of the polarizing plates, errors of the calibrated polarizing plates are counted, and the errors in 4 directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees are respectively delta0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135. To reduce the effect of random errors, the angle error is repeated 4 times and the average is taken.
And 2, correcting the polarization image by using the polarization angle error. The target and background light can be decomposed into natural light and polarized light, and is expressed as:
Itotal=Ip+Iup (11)
wherein ItotalRepresents the total light intensity, IpRepresenting polarized light, IupRepresenting unpolarized or natural light.
According to the Malus law, the light intensity obtained by the polarization system at each polarization angle is calculated and expressed as follows:
wherein, I0、I45、I90、I135Respectively representing the light intensities of the polarizing plate at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and the included angle alpha between the polarized light and the polarization direction of the polarizing plate.
The stokes parameter of a polarization image can be expressed as:
where I, Q, U represent the intensity, horizontal/vertical component, + 45/45 component, respectively, of the polarized image.
Step 2.1, correcting the polarization angle error in the polarization image, and expressing an image polarization angle equation as follows:
where the erroneous polarization angle is denoted as α' and the actual polarization angle is denoted as α.
By substituting Q, U components into the equation, the polarization angle α' with error and the polarization angle error Δ can be obtained0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135And the actual polarization angle α can be expressed as:
known as0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135α', the actual polarization angle α can be solved.
Step 2.2, correcting the polarization degree error in the polarization image, wherein an image polarization degree equation is expressed as:
here, the polarization degree with error is represented as β', and the actual polarization degree is represented as β.
The I, Q, U component is substituted into the equation to obtain the polarization degree with error beta' and the polarization angle error delta0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135The relation between the actual polarization angle α and the actual polarization degree β can be expressed as:
known as0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135Beta' and obtaining the polarization angle alpha according to the solution of the step 1, and can be calculatedThe actual degree of polarization β is calculated.
Thus, the correction of the angle error of the polarizer of the visible light polarization system is completed.
Example 2:
in the embodiment 2 of the invention, the angle error of the polaroid of the infrared polarization system is corrected, and the experimental facility comprises a surface element black body, the polaroid for accurately calibrating the angle and the infrared polarization system to be corrected. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an angle error of a polarizing plate of an infrared polarization system.
For the method for correcting the angle error of the polarizer of the visible light polarization system in this embodiment 2, the specific implementation steps include:
step 1, measuring the angle error of a polaroid of a polarization system to be corrected.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1.1, placing a surface element black body in front of a polarization system to be corrected, and ensuring that the surface element black body is radiated to fill the whole view field; adjusting the temperature of the black body to enable the gray value of the polarization system to be lower than the maximum value;
step 1.2, polarizing plates with accurately calibrated angles are added into the black body and the polarization system, the polarization angles of the polarization system are respectively adjusted to 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, the calibrated polarizing plates are respectively rotated to-90 degrees, -45 degrees, 0 degrees and 45 degrees of the extinction angles, and the errors are counted to obtain errors in 4 directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, wherein the errors are delta respectively0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135. To reduce the effect of random errors, the angle error is repeated 4 times and the average is taken.
And 2, correcting the polarization image by using the polarization angle error. The target and background light can be decomposed into natural light and polarized light, and is expressed as:
Itotal=Ip+Iup (21)
wherein ItotalRepresents the total light intensity, IpRepresenting polarized light, IupRepresenting unpolarized or natural light.
According to the Malus law, the light intensity obtained by the polarization system at each polarization angle is calculated and expressed as follows:
wherein, I0、I45、I90、I135Respectively representing the light intensities of the polarizing plate at 0 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, and the included angle alpha between the polarized light and the polarization direction of the polarizing plate.
The stokes parameter of a polarization image can be expressed as:
where I, Q, U represent the intensity, horizontal/vertical component, + 45/45 component, respectively, of the polarized image.
Step 2.1, performing polarized infrared system radiation correction on the acquired Stokes parameters by applying a method with a publication number of CN 106289542A;
step 2,2, correcting the polarization angle error in the polarization image, and expressing an image polarization angle equation as follows:
where the erroneous polarization angle is denoted as α' and the actual polarization angle is denoted as α.
The Q, U component is substituted into the equation to obtain the polarization angle alpha' with error and the polarization angle errorΔ0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135And the actual polarization angle α can be expressed as:
known as0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135α', the actual polarization angle α can be solved.
Step 2.3, correcting the polarization degree error in the polarization image, wherein an image polarization degree equation is expressed as:
here, the polarization degree with error is represented as β', and the actual polarization degree is represented as β.
The I, Q, U component is substituted into the equation to obtain the polarization degree with error beta' and the polarization angle error delta0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135The relation between the actual polarization angle α and the actual polarization degree β can be expressed as:
known as0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135Beta' and the polarization angle alpha is obtained according to the solution in the step 1, and the actual polarization degree beta can be obtained through calculation.
And finishing the correction of the angle error of the polaroid of the infrared polarization system.
Claims (2)
1. A polarization angle error correction method of a time-sharing imaging polarization system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, measuring angle errors delta of 4 directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees of a polarization system and theoretical values0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135;
Step 2, according to the angle error and the polarization angle information in the uncorrected polarization image obtained by the polarization system, the following formula is applied to solve the actual polarization angle alpha,
wherein α' is the polarization angle with error;
step 3, according to the angle error and the polarization angle information in the corrected polarization image, the following formula is applied to solve the actual polarization degree beta,
wherein β' is the degree of polarization with error;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, placing a light source in front of a polarization system to be corrected, ensuring that the light source is full of the whole field of view, and adjusting the intensity of the light source;
step 1.2, polarizing plates with accurately calibrated angles are added into a light source and a polarization system, the polarization angles of the polarization system are respectively adjusted to 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees, the calibrated polarizing plates are respectively rotated to-90 degrees, -45 degrees, 0 degrees and 45 degrees of extinction angles of the polarizing plates, errors of the polarizing plates are counted, and the errors in 4 directions of 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees are respectively delta0、Δ45、Δ90、Δ135。
2. The method for correcting polarization angle error of time-sharing imaging polarization system of claim 1, wherein the angle error in step 1 is measured at least 4 times and then averaged.
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