CN109297441B - Device and method for dynamically measuring debris flow accumulation thickness - Google Patents
Device and method for dynamically measuring debris flow accumulation thickness Download PDFInfo
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- CN109297441B CN109297441B CN201811438069.7A CN201811438069A CN109297441B CN 109297441 B CN109297441 B CN 109297441B CN 201811438069 A CN201811438069 A CN 201811438069A CN 109297441 B CN109297441 B CN 109297441B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring thickness
- G01B15/025—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring thickness by measuring absorption
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Abstract
The invention discloses equipment and a method for dynamically measuring the accumulation thickness of debris flow, and belongs to the field of debris flow detection. When the device and the method for dynamically measuring the stacking thickness of the debris flow are used, firstly, the stacking thickness-light transmission curve of the debris flow slurry is calibrated, the maximum stacking thickness of the slurry is determined through a pre-experiment, the optimal light source intensity is optimized, then, the debris flow material is stirred through an oblique stirring tank, the angle between a connecting plate and a camera bellows is adjusted through a starting driving device, a shadowless lamp at the bottom of the camera bellows is turned on, the optimal light intensity is adjusted, a CT machine in the camera bellows is started, then, a hydraulic rod is started to lift a sealing cover and a sealing door, then the debris flow slurry flows into the camera bellows along the connecting plate, and then, photographing is carried out through the CT machine, so that the stacking thickness-light transmission curve is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of debris flow detection, in particular to equipment and a method for dynamically measuring the accumulation thickness of debris flow.
Background
Debris flow is a common natural disaster in the world, and according to statistical information, the occurrence of collapse, landslide and debris flow disasters in China is approximately 3 tens of thousands of disasters each year, wherein the disasters are not lack of special and heavy, and the average nearly 800 people die or are lost due to the disasters each year, so that direct economic loss exceeds 40 hundred million yuan. Therefore, the method is particularly important for researching the movement characteristics of natural disasters such as debris flow. The most predominant composition of the debris flow surface is particulate matters with various sizes, so that the research on the movement of the debris flow surface can be regarded as researching the movement of irregular particles;
the prior method for measuring the stacking thickness of the debris flow can only detect the thickness of the static debris flow, is very time-consuming and labor-consuming, can only carry out effective quantitative analysis on the thickness of the debris flow at a certain point, or can only carry out qualitative analysis on the whole condition of the debris flow, can not accurately and rapidly detect the whole condition of the debris flow completely, qualitatively and quantitatively, can not carry out effective quantitative analysis on the stacking thickness of the dynamic debris flow, can not rapidly master the whole condition of the dynamic debris flow, can not establish an effective dynamic model of the debris flow, and can not effectively detect the change condition of the debris flow, and can establish an effective and complete dynamic model of the debris flow by detecting and determining the linear relation between the thickness delta of the debris flow with different water contents alpha and different porosities beta and X rays, and can accurately and rapidly detect the whole condition of the debris flow completely, qualitatively and quantitatively;
the existing equipment and method for dynamically measuring the debris flow stacking thickness cannot measure the dynamic debris flow stacking thickness.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the thickness of a dynamic debris flow can not be measured, and provides equipment and a method for dynamically measuring the thickness of the debris flow.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow deposit, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining a linear relation between the thickness delta of the mud-rock flow slurry with different water contents alpha and different porosities beta and X-rays through a pre-experiment, wherein the linear relation is represented by the following formula;
in the formula, n is the absorption constant of the material, G is related to the exposure material, and phi is the relative gray value;
wherein μ is:wherein m is the total mass of the material, and V is the total volume of the material.
S2, adding materials into the oblique stirring tank, stirring, taking a plurality of groups of samples to measure the water content alpha and the porosity beta of the materials in a natural environment after the materials are stirred, and measuring the total mass m and the total volume V of the materials;
s3, starting a driving device to adjust the angle between the connecting plate and the camera bellows after the measurement is finished, and starting a CT machine in the camera bellows;
s4, starting a hydraulic rod to lift the sealing cover and the sealing door, enabling debris flow slurry to flow into the camera bellows along the connecting plate, calculating gray level change at the moment through gray level calculation software, and carrying out conversion by the porosity beta and the water content alpha measured in S2 into a formula in S1, so as to obtain a debris flow thickness-time conversion curve;
s5, the method can be applied to multiple areas of the debris flow, so that the accumulation thickness of the debris flow can be obtained, and the rescue efficiency of the debris flow area is improved.
Preferably, in the step S2, a plurality of groups of samples are taken to measure the water content α and the porosity β of the material in the natural environment, and the following method is adopted to measure the water content α and the porosity β;
a1, placing a flat weighing bottle made of clean glass in a drying box at 95-105 ℃, obliquely supporting a bottle cap on the bottle edge, heating for 0.5-1.0 h, taking out the bottle cap, cooling for 0.5-1h in a dryer, weighing, and repeatedly drying to constant quantity, and recording the quality of the bottle cap.
A2, weighing the sample and recording the mass of the sample as w 1 The volume is y 1 Placing the mixture into a weighing bottle, adding a cover for precise weighing, placing the bottle into a drying box with the temperature of 95-105 ℃, obliquely supporting a bottle cover on the edge of the bottle, drying for 2-4 hours, covering the bottle cover, taking out the bottle cover, placing the bottle cover into a dryer for cooling for 0.5 hour, and weighing the bottle cover.
A3, weighing, then placing into a drying oven at 95-105 ℃ for drying for about 1h, taking out, placing into a dryer for cooling for 0.5h, and then weighing. The mass difference between the front and the back times is not more than 2mg, namely the constant mass, and the mass is recorded as w 2 And volume y 2 。
A4, carrying out the following formula, and calculating to obtain the water content alpha;
a5, taking the porosity into the following formula, and calculating to obtain the porosity beta as;
the utility model provides a device for dynamically measuring thickness is piled up to mud-rock flow, includes hydraulic stem, italic agitator tank, connecting plate, drive arrangement and camera bellows, still includes movable support column and sealing door, hydraulic stem upper end left side middle part and sealing cover upper end fixed connection, sealing cover internally mounted has agitating unit, hydraulic stem upper end left side and sealing door upper end fixed connection, the italic agitator tank upper end is movably connected with sealing cover lower surface, the sealing door has been movably cup jointed in the inner wall of italic agitator tank right side, the italic agitator tank lower extreme is fixedly connected with support base upper end, the italic agitator tank right side and connecting plate left end swing joint, the camera bellows left side is provided with the feed port, connecting plate right-hand member and feed port swing joint, camera bellows lower extreme four corners department and threaded rod upper end fixed connection, the movable threaded rod cup joints inside the movable support column, fixed mounting has drive arrangement between the movable support column, drive arrangement passes through connecting device and threaded rod swing joint; the CT machine is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the interior of the camera bellows, and the bottom layer of the interior of the camera bellows is arranged as a lead plate.
Preferably, both sides and the front and back two places of italic agitator tank bottom right side of feed port all fixed mounting have unable adjustment base, fixed mounting has spacing axle between the unable adjustment base, the inside sliding tray that is provided with of connecting plate, both ends are provided with the rotation groove about the sliding tray, the inside activity of rotation groove has cup jointed spacing axle.
Preferably, transparent baffles are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the connecting plate.
Preferably, the connecting device comprises a driving shaft, rollers, a transmission shaft and a rotating tube, wherein the driving shaft is fixedly arranged on the driving device, the other end of the driving shaft penetrates through the outer wall of the movable supporting column and is fixedly connected with the axle center of the rollers, the right side of the middle part of the driving shaft is fixedly connected with the axle center of the rotating wheel, the rotating wheel is fixedly connected with the lower end of a transmission belt, the upper end of the transmission belt is movably connected with the outer side of the right end of the transmission shaft, the middle part of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the axle center of the rotating gear by the right side, the rotating gear is meshed with the lower end of the rotating tube, the upper end of the rotating tube is movably sleeved inside the fixed tube, the outer side of the fixed tube is fixedly connected with the inner walls of the left side and the right side of the upper end of the movable supporting column, the inner side of the fixed tube is movably sleeved with the lower end of the sealing tube, the inner side of the rotating tube is movably sleeved with a threaded rod, and the upper end of the threaded rod is fixedly connected with the four corners of the lower end of the dark box.
Preferably, the stirring device comprises a motor, a stirring gear and a transmission chain, wherein the motor is fixedly arranged at the front side of the upper surface of the sealing cover, the lower end of the motor penetrates through the upper surface of the sealing cover and is fixedly connected with the axis of the stirring gear, the stirring gear is meshed with a gear A, the gear A is movably connected with a gear B through the transmission chain, the gear B is movably connected with a gear C through the transmission chain, the gear C is movably connected with a gear D through the transmission chain, the gear D is movably connected with the gear A through the transmission chain, the gear A and the gear C are movably arranged inside the sealing cover through a rotating shaft, and the axes of the gear B and the gear D are fixedly connected with the upper ends of stirring blades.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the equipment and the method for dynamically measuring the accumulation thickness of the debris flow, which have the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has compact integral structure, when in use, firstly, the slurry accumulation thickness-light transmission curve is calibrated, the maximum slurry accumulation thickness is determined through a pre-experiment, the optimal light source intensity is optimized, then, the slurry material is stirred through the oblique stirring tank, the angle between the connecting plate and the camera bellows is regulated through the starting driving device, the CT machine in the camera bellows is started, then, the hydraulic rod is started to lift the sealing cover and the sealing door, then, the slurry flows into the camera bellows along the connecting plate, and then, the photographing is carried out through the CT machine, so that the slurry thickness-time changes the curve.
2. The invention is also provided with the connecting device, when the angle of the connecting plate is required to be reduced, the driving device can be started firstly to drive the driving shaft to rotate so as to drive the rotating wheel to rotate so as to drive the driving wheel to rotate so as to drive the transmission shaft to rotate so as to drive the rotating gear to rotate so as to drive the rotating pipe to gradually rise, thereby enabling the threaded rod to move outwards, the whole camera bellows moves upwards, and when the angle of the connecting plate is required to be increased, the driving device can be started to drive the driving shaft to rotate so as to drive the rotating wheel to rotate so as to drive the driving wheel to rotate so as to drive the transmission shaft to rotate so as to drive the rotating gear to rotate so as to drive the threaded rod to gradually descend, thereby enabling the whole camera bellows to move downwards when the threaded rod moves inwards.
3. The invention is also provided with the connecting plate, when the device is used, the angle of the connecting plate can be easily changed by placing the limiting shaft on the fixed base in the rotating groove, when the device is required to be folded, the limiting shaft can be moved into the rotating groove after the height of the camera bellows is lowered to a proper height, and then the connecting plate can be converted into a vertical state, so that the occupied space of the device can be effectively reduced, and the device can be folded better.
4. According to the invention, the CT machine is adopted to effectively analyze the dynamic condition of the debris flow, the linear relation between the thickness delta of the debris flow slurry with different water contents alpha and different porosities beta and the X-rays is utilized to convert the absorption degree of the debris flow slurry to the thickness of the debris flow slurry, so that a dynamic debris flow model can be effectively established, visual judgment and observation can be carried out on the dynamic condition, the influence of the water content and the porosities of the debris flow on the debris flow is further determined, the dynamic condition in the change process of the debris flow slurry is observed, the device and the method can be effectively applied to rescue and relief processes or detection of the dynamic change of the debris flow, and the accumulation thickness of the debris flow can be pre-judged by determining the water content alpha and the porosities beta of the debris flow, thereby providing effective assistance for development and implementation of rescue work.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an expanded perspective structure of an apparatus for dynamically measuring a thickness of a debris flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of an oblique stirring tank of the device for dynamically measuring the stacking thickness of the debris flow according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a camera for dynamically measuring the thickness of the debris flow according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a connection board of a device for dynamically measuring the stacking thickness of debris flow according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of an apparatus for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic top view of a stirring device of an apparatus for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow according to the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures illustrate:
the device comprises a hydraulic rod 1, a sealing door 2, a transmission shaft 3, an oblique stirring tank 4, a connecting plate 5, a camera bellows 6, a sealing cover 7, a motor 8, stirring blades 9, a fixed base 10, a sliding groove 11, a supporting base 12, a feeding hole 13, a CT machine 14, a driving device 15, a limiting shaft 16, a rotating groove 17, a baffle 18, a threaded rod 19, a sealing tube 20, a fixed tube 21, a movable supporting column 22, a roller 23, a driving shaft 24, a rotating wheel 25, a driving belt 26, a driving wheel 27, a rotating gear 28, a rotating tube 29, a stirring gear 30, a gear B31, a driving chain 32, a gear C33, a gear A34 and a gear D35.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1:
a method for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow deposit, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining a linear relation between the thickness delta of the mud-rock flow slurry with different water contents alpha and different porosities beta and X-rays through a pre-experiment, wherein the linear relation is represented by the following formula;
in the formula, n is the absorption constant of the material, G is related to the exposure material, and phi is the relative gray value;
wherein μ is:wherein m is the total mass of the material, and V is the total volume of the material.
S2, adding materials into the oblique stirring tank 4 and stirring, after the materials are stirred, taking a plurality of groups of samples, measuring the water content alpha and the porosity beta of the materials in a natural environment, and measuring the total mass m and the total volume V of the materials;
s3, after the measurement is finished, starting a driving device 15 to adjust the angle between the connecting plate 5 and the camera bellows 6, and starting a CT machine 14 in the camera bellows 6;
s4, starting the hydraulic rod 1 to lift the sealing cover 7 and the sealing door 2, enabling debris flow slurry to flow into the camera bellows 6 along the connecting plate 5, calculating gray level change at the moment through gray level calculation software, and carrying out conversion by taking the measured porosity beta and water content alpha in S2 into a formula in S1, so as to obtain a debris flow thickness-time conversion curve;
s5, the method can be applied to multiple areas of the debris flow, so that the accumulation thickness of the debris flow can be obtained, and the rescue efficiency of the debris flow area is improved.
S2, taking a plurality of groups of samples, and measuring the water content alpha and the porosity beta of the material in a natural environment by adopting the following method;
a1, placing a flat weighing bottle made of clean glass in a drying box at 95-105 ℃, obliquely supporting a bottle cap on the bottle edge, heating for 0.5-1.0 h, taking out the bottle cap, cooling for 0.5-1h in a dryer, weighing, and repeatedly drying to constant quantity, and recording the quality of the bottle cap.
A2, weighing the sample and recording the mass of the sample as w 1 The volume is y 1 Placing the mixture into a weighing bottle, adding a cover for precise weighing, placing the bottle into a drying box with the temperature of 95-105 ℃, obliquely supporting a bottle cover on the edge of the bottle, drying for 2-4 hours, covering the bottle cover, taking out the bottle cover, placing the bottle cover into a dryer for cooling for 0.5 hour, and weighing the bottle cover.
A3, weighing, then placing into a drying oven at 95-105 ℃ for drying for about 1h, taking out, placing into a dryer for cooling for 0.5h, and then weighing. The mass difference between the front and the back times is not more than 2mg, namely the constant mass, and the mass is recorded as w 2 And volume y 2 。
A4, carrying out the following formula, and calculating to obtain the water content alpha;
a5, taking the porosity into the following formula, and calculating to obtain the porosity beta as;
according to the invention, the CT machine is adopted to effectively analyze the dynamic condition of the debris flow, the linear relation between the thickness delta of the debris flow slurry with different water contents alpha and different porosities beta and the X-rays is utilized to convert the absorption degree of the debris flow slurry to the thickness of the debris flow slurry, so that a dynamic debris flow model can be effectively established, visual judgment and observation can be carried out on the dynamic condition, the influence of the water content and the porosities of the debris flow on the debris flow is further determined, the dynamic condition in the change process of the debris flow slurry is observed, the device and the method can be effectively applied to rescue and relief processes or detection of the dynamic change of the debris flow, and the accumulation thickness of the debris flow can be pre-judged by determining the water content alpha and the porosities beta of the debris flow, thereby providing effective assistance for development and implementation of rescue work.
Example 2: the difference is based on example 1;
the device for dynamically measuring the thickness of the debris flow comprises a hydraulic rod 1, an oblique stirring tank 4, a connecting plate 5, a driving device 15, a camera bellows 6, a movable supporting column 22 and a sealing door 2, wherein the middle part of the left side of the upper end of the hydraulic rod 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a sealing cover 7, the stirring device is fixedly installed inside the sealing cover 7, the left side of the upper end of the hydraulic rod 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the sealing door 2, the upper end of the oblique stirring tank 4 is movably connected with the lower surface of the sealing cover 7, the sealing door 2 is movably sleeved in the inner wall of the right side of the oblique stirring tank 4, the lower end of the oblique stirring tank 4 is fixedly connected with the upper end of a supporting base 12, the right side of the oblique stirring tank 4 is movably connected with the left end of the connecting plate 5, the left side of the camera bellows 6 is provided with a feeding hole 13, four corners of the lower end of the camera bellows 6 are fixedly connected with the upper end of a threaded rod 19, the threaded rod 19 is movably sleeved inside the movable supporting column 22, the driving device 15 is fixedly installed between the movable supporting columns 22, and the driving device 15 is movably connected with the threaded rod 19 through a connecting device; the CT machine 14 is fixedly arranged at the upper end inside the camera bellows 6, and the bottom layer inside the camera bellows 6 is a lead plate.
Transparent baffles 18 are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the connecting plate 5.
The stirring device comprises a motor 8, a stirring gear 30 and a transmission chain 32, wherein the motor 8 is fixedly arranged at the front side of the upper surface of the sealing cover 7, the lower end of the motor 8 penetrates through the upper surface of the sealing cover 7 and is fixedly connected with the axle center of the stirring gear 30, the stirring gear 30 is meshed with a gear A34, the gear A34 is movably connected with a gear B31 through the transmission chain 32, the gear B31 is movably connected with a gear C33 through the transmission chain 32, the gear C33 is movably connected with a gear D35 through the transmission chain 32, the gear D35 is movably connected with a gear A34 through the transmission chain 32, the gear A34 and the gear C33 are movably arranged inside the sealing cover 7 through a rotating shaft, and the axle centers of the gear B31 and the gear D35 are both fixedly connected with the upper ends of the stirring fan blades 9.
The invention has compact integral structure, when in use, firstly, the slurry stacking thickness-light transmission curve is calibrated, the maximum stacking thickness of the slurry is determined through a pre-experiment, the optimal light source intensity is optimized, then, the slurry material is stirred through the italic stirring tank 4, the angle between the connecting plate 5 and the camera bellows 6 is adjusted through the starting driving device 15, the shadowless lamp at the bottom of the camera bellows 6 is turned on, the optimal illumination intensity is adjusted, the CT machine 14 in the camera bellows 6 is started, then, the hydraulic rod 1 is started to lift the sealing cover 7 and the sealing door 2, the slurry flows into the camera bellows 6 along the connecting plate 5, and then, the photographing is carried out through the CT machine 14, so that the stacking thickness-light transmission curve is obtained.
Example 3: the difference is based on examples 1 and 2;
fixed base 10 is fixedly installed on the left side, the right side and the front and the back side of the bottom end of oblique stirring tank 4 of feed hole 13, limiting shaft 16 is fixedly installed between fixed base 10, sliding groove 11 is arranged inside connecting plate 5, rotating grooves 17 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of sliding groove 11, and limiting shaft 16 is movably sleeved inside rotating grooves 17.
The invention is also provided with the connecting plate 5, when the device is used, the angle of the connecting plate 5 can be easily changed by placing the limiting shaft 16 on the fixed base 10 in the rotating groove 17, when the device is required to be retracted, the limiting shaft 16 can be moved into the rotating groove 17 after the height of the camera bellows 6 is lowered to a proper height, and then the connecting plate 5 can be converted into a vertical state, so that the occupied space of the device can be effectively reduced, and the device can be retracted better.
Example 4: the differences are based on examples 1, 2 and 3;
the connecting device comprises a driving shaft 24, a roller 23, a transmission shaft 3 and a rotating tube 29, wherein the driving shaft 24 is fixedly arranged on the driving device 15, the other end of the driving shaft 24 penetrates through the outer wall of the movable supporting column 22 and is fixedly connected with the axle center of the roller 23, the right side of the middle part of the driving shaft 24 is fixedly connected with the axle center of the rotating wheel 25, the rotating wheel 25 is fixedly connected with the lower end of a transmission belt 26, the upper end of the transmission belt 26 is movably connected with the outside of the transmission wheel 27, the axle center of the transmission wheel 27 is fixedly connected with the right side of the right end of the transmission shaft 3, the middle part of the transmission shaft 3 is fixedly connected with the axle center of the rotating gear 28, the rotating gear 28 is meshed with the lower end of the rotating tube 29, the upper end of the rotating tube 29 is movably sleeved inside the fixed tube 21, the outer part of the fixed tube 21 is fixedly connected with the inner walls of the left side and the right side of the upper end of the movable supporting column 22, the inner part of the upper end of the fixed tube 21 is movably sleeved with the lower end of the sealing tube 20, the inner part of the rotating tube 29 is movably sleeved with a threaded rod 19, and the upper end of the threaded rod 19 is fixedly connected with the four corners of the lower end of the camera 6.
The invention is also provided with a connecting device, when the angle of the connecting plate is required to be reduced, the driving device 15 can be started firstly to drive the driving shaft 24 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating wheel 25 to rotate, thereby driving the driving wheel 27 to rotate, further driving the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, driving the rotating gear 28 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating pipe 29 to rotate, driving the threaded rod 19 to gradually rise, so that the whole camera bellows 6 moves upwards when moving outwards, and when the angle of the connecting plate 5 is required to be increased, the driving device 15 can be started to drive the driving shaft 24 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating wheel 25 to rotate, driving the driving wheel 27 to rotate, driving the transmission shaft 3 to rotate, driving the rotating gear 28 to rotate, driving the rotating pipe 29 to gradually descend, and enabling the whole camera bellows 6 to move downwards when moving inwards.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow deposit, comprising the steps of:
s1, determining a linear relation between the thickness delta of the mud-rock flow slurry with different water contents alpha and different porosities beta and X-rays through a pre-experiment, wherein the linear relation is represented by the following formula;
in the formula, n is the absorption constant of the material, G is related to the exposure material, and phi is the relative gray value;
wherein μ is:wherein m is the total mass of the material, and V is the total volume of the material;
s2, adding materials into the oblique stirring tank (4) and stirring, after the materials are stirred, taking a plurality of groups of samples, measuring the water content alpha and the porosity beta of the materials in a natural environment, and measuring the total mass m and the total volume V of the materials;
s3, starting a driving device (15) to adjust the angle between the connecting plate (5) and the camera bellows (6) after the measurement is finished, and starting a CT machine (14) in the camera bellows (6);
s4, starting a hydraulic rod (1) to lift a sealing cover (7) and a sealing door (2), enabling debris flow slurry to flow into a camera bellows (6) along a connecting plate (5), calculating gray level change at the moment through gray level calculation software, and carrying out conversion by taking the porosity beta and the water content alpha measured in S2 into a formula in S1, so as to obtain a debris flow thickness-time conversion curve;
s5, the method can be applied to multiple areas of the debris flow, so that the accumulation thickness of the debris flow can be obtained, and the rescue efficiency of the debris flow area is improved.
2. A method for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, a plurality of groups of samples are taken to measure the water content alpha and the porosity beta of the material in the natural environment, and the following method is adopted for measuring;
a1, placing a flat weighing bottle made of clean glass in a drying box at 95-105 ℃, obliquely supporting a bottle cap on the edge of the bottle, heating for 0.5-1.0 h, taking out the bottle cap, cooling for 0.5-1h in a dryer, weighing, repeatedly drying to constant, and recording the quality of the bottle cap;
a2, weighing the sample and recording the mass of the sample as w 1 The volume is y 1 Placing the mixture into a weighing bottle, adding a cover for precise weighing, placing the bottle into a drying box with the temperature of 95-105 ℃, obliquely supporting a bottle cover on the edge of the bottle, drying for 2-4 hours, covering the bottle cover, taking out the bottle cover, placing the bottle cover into a dryer for cooling for 0.5 hour, and weighing;
a3, weighing, then placing into a drying oven at 95-105 ℃ for drying for about 1h, taking out, placing into a dryer for cooling for 0.5h, and then weighing; to the front and back two massesThe difference is not more than 2mg, which is a constant, and the mass is recorded as w 2 And volume y 2 ；
A4, carrying out the following formula, and calculating to obtain the water content alpha;
a5, taking the porosity into the following formula, and calculating to obtain the porosity beta as;
3. an apparatus for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow deposit applied to the method of claim 1 or 2, comprising a hydraulic stem (1), an italic stirring tank (4), a connection plate (5), a driving device (15) and a camera bellows (6), characterized in that: the movable sealing device is characterized by further comprising a movable supporting column (22) and a sealing door (2), wherein the middle part of the left side of the upper end of the hydraulic rod (1) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the sealing cover (7), a stirring device is fixedly installed inside the sealing cover (7), the left side of the upper end of the hydraulic rod (1) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the sealing door (2), the upper end of the diagonal stirring tank (4) is movably connected with the lower surface of the sealing cover (7), the sealing door (2) is movably sleeved in the inner wall of the right side of the diagonal stirring tank (4), the lower end of the diagonal stirring tank (4) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the supporting base (12), the right side of the diagonal stirring tank (4) is movably connected with the left end of the connecting plate (5), the left side of the camera bellows (6) is provided with a feeding hole (13), four corners of the lower end of the camera bellows (6) is fixedly connected with the upper end of a threaded rod (19), the threaded rod (19) is movably sleeved in the movable supporting column (22), a driving device (15) is fixedly connected with the threaded rod (19) through a driving device, and the driving device (15) is movably connected with the threaded rod (15); the CT machine (14) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the interior of the camera bellows (6), and the bottom layer of the interior of the camera bellows (6) is a lead plate; fixed bases (10) are fixedly arranged at the left side, the right side, the front side and the rear side of the bottom end of the oblique stirring tank (4), limiting shafts (16) are fixedly arranged between the fixed bases (10), sliding grooves (11) are formed in the connecting plates (5), rotating grooves (17) are formed in the upper end and the lower end of the sliding grooves (11), and the limiting shafts (16) are movably sleeved in the rotating grooves (17); transparent baffles (18) are fixedly arranged on the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the connecting plate (5).
4. A device for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow according to claim 3, wherein: the connecting device comprises a driving shaft (24), rollers (23), a transmission shaft (3) and a rotating pipe (29), wherein the driving shaft (24) is fixedly installed on the driving device (15), the other end of the driving shaft (24) penetrates through the outer wall of a movable supporting column (22) and is fixedly connected with the axle center of the rollers (23), the right side of the middle part of the driving shaft (24) is fixedly connected with the axle center of the rotating wheel (25), the rotating wheel (25) is fixedly connected with the lower end of a transmission belt (26), the upper end of the transmission belt (26) is movably connected with the outer side of the transmission wheel (27), the axle center of the transmission wheel (27) is fixedly connected with the right end of the transmission shaft (3) on one side, the middle part of the transmission shaft (3) is fixedly connected with the axle center of a rotating gear (28), the rotating gear (28) is meshed with the lower end of the rotating pipe (29), the upper end of the rotating pipe (29) is movably sleeved inside a fixed pipe (21), the outer part of the fixed pipe (21) is fixedly connected with the left and right inner wall of the upper end of the movable supporting column (22), the upper end of the fixed pipe is movably sleeved with the lower end of the sealing pipe (20), the lower end of the upper end of the fixed pipe (21) is movably sleeved, and the lower end of the threaded rod (19) is fixedly connected with the lower end of the threaded rod (19).
5. A device for dynamically measuring the thickness of a debris flow according to claim 3, wherein: the stirring device comprises a motor (8), a stirring gear (30) and a transmission chain (32), wherein the motor (8) is fixedly arranged on the front side of the upper surface of the sealing cover (7), the lower end of the motor (8) penetrates through the upper surface of the sealing cover (7) and is fixedly connected with the axis of the stirring gear (30), the stirring gear (30) is meshed with a gear A (34), the gear A (34) is movably connected with a gear B (31) through the transmission chain (32), the gear B (31) is movably connected with a gear C (33) through the transmission chain (32), the gear C (33) is movably connected with a gear D (35), the gear A (34) and the gear C (33) are movably arranged inside the sealing cover (7) through a rotating shaft, and the axes of the gear B (31) and the gear D (35) are fixedly connected with the upper ends of stirring fan blades (9).
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