CN109286959B - Vertical switching method of heterogeneous wireless network based on analytic hierarchy process - Google Patents

Vertical switching method of heterogeneous wireless network based on analytic hierarchy process Download PDF

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CN109286959B
CN109286959B CN201811318379.5A CN201811318379A CN109286959B CN 109286959 B CN109286959 B CN 109286959B CN 201811318379 A CN201811318379 A CN 201811318379A CN 109286959 B CN109286959 B CN 109286959B
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钱志鸿
许多
王雪
蒙武杰
杨冰涛
初明
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
    • H04W36/0022—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection for transferring data sessions between adjacent core network technologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
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    • H04W36/00837—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off
    • H04W36/008375—Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off based on historical data
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Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical switching method of a heterogeneous wireless network based on an analytic hierarchy process, which relates to the technical field of communication and solves the problem of frequent switching of a user terminal among different networks in a heterogeneous wireless network environment, and the key points of the technical scheme are as follows: the method comprises the steps of counting historical information of a user terminal access network and other factors influencing network switching, establishing a hierarchical structure model, constructing a corresponding judgment matrix, carrying out hierarchical single sequencing and consistency check, carrying out hierarchical total sequencing and consistency check, determining an optimal switching strategy, adding the historical information of the user terminal access network influencing network selection into judgment factors, combining factors influencing network selection, and carrying out network switching more comprehensively and strictly, so that the decision result is more reliable and stable, the switching times can be effectively reduced, and the utilization rate of system resources is improved.

Description

Vertical switching method of heterogeneous wireless network based on analytic hierarchy process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a heterogeneous wireless network vertical switching method based on an analytic hierarchy process.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, many networks with different systems emerge, a next generation wireless network will be a heterogeneous wireless network in which multiple access networks such as a wireless personal area network, a wireless local area network, a public mobile communication network, an Ad Hoc network and the like coexist, and different access networks have differences in terms of transmission power, coverage radius, available bandwidth and the like, so how to select the most effective and most suitable access network becomes a hotspot problem gradually in providing the best service for users.
Currently, many studies on vertical handover of heterogeneous wireless networks exist, and many different vertical handover algorithms are proposed. Existing vertical handover algorithms are mainly classified into the following five types: 1. a vertical handover algorithm based on received signal strength; 2. a vertical switching algorithm based on fuzzy logic and a neural network; 3. a vertical handover algorithm based on multi-attribute decision; 4. a vertical handover algorithm based on an optimization theory; 5. and (4) a vertical switching algorithm based on game theory.
The multi-attribute decision strategy is the field of most research on vertical handover of the existing heterogeneous wireless network. The vertical switching algorithm based on the multi-attribute decision is mainly based on the switching of a utility function, a plurality of network attributes are considered, the Received Signal Strength (RSS), the transmission rate, the bit error rate, the blocking rate and the like are mainly included, and a decision gain utility function is designed and comprises an algorithm based on fuzzy logic, which uses the received signal strength, the user moving speed and the WLAN network throughput as decision parameters, an algorithm based on RSS, which minimizes the real-time service switching time delay according to the requirements of different services on the service quality and maximizes the non-real-time service throughput, a network which can improve the bandwidth and the like through the prior access of users. However, the network selection parameters considered by the above algorithm are too single to represent the complete performance of the network, and the variation of the multi-attribute handover metric in these methods may result in unstable handover decisions, thereby affecting the QoS of the network. Especially, the historical information of the user terminal accessing the network is an important factor influencing the vertical handover of the heterogeneous network, and the handover result considering the factor can be better approved by the user, which is beneficial to improving the service quality of the user. Therefore, how to design a heterogeneous wireless network vertical handover method based on an analytic hierarchy process is a problem that needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a heterogeneous wireless network vertical handover method based on an analytic hierarchy process, and adds important factors affecting network selection, that is, historical information of a user accessing a network, in combination with other factors affecting network handover, to perform network handover more comprehensively and strictly, so that a decision result is more reliable and stable, handover times can be effectively reduced, and system resource utilization rate can be improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a heterogeneous wireless network vertical switching method based on an analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
s1: counting historical information of a user terminal access network and other factors influencing network switching;
s2: establishing a hierarchical structure model according to historical information and other factors influencing network switching;
s3: constructing a corresponding judgment matrix for each hierarchy in the hierarchical structure model;
s4: performing level single sequencing and consistency check on corresponding levels according to the judgment matrix; if the consistency check is passed, the process proceeds to step S5; if the consistency check is not passed, adjusting the judgment matrix and then performing hierarchical single sequencing and consistency check again;
s5: performing total level sorting and consistency check on corresponding levels according to the judgment matrix; if the consistency check is not passed, adjusting the judgment matrix and then performing hierarchical single sequencing and consistency check again;
s6: and determining an optimal switching strategy according to the results of the single-level sequencing and the total-level sequencing.
Preferably, in step S1, the history information includes a history access number and an average access duration; the other factors influencing the network switching comprise network load, time delay coefficient, bandwidth and packet loss rate; the delay coefficient includes delay and delay jitter.
Preferably, in step S2, the hierarchical model includes a target layer, a criterion sublayer and a scheme layer; wherein,
the criterion layer includes a load B1Delay coefficient B2Bandwidth B3History information B4And packet loss rate B5；
The criterion sublayer comprises a delay C1Delay jitter C2Historical access times C3And average access persistenceTime C4；
The scheme layer is a network to be switched, and comprises a network 1, a network 2 and a network 3 which are respectively marked as D1、D2And D3。
Preferably, in step S3, the specific steps of determining the structure of the matrix are:
two network parameters are constructed according to historical information and the proportion of each network parameter in other factors influencing network switching
Two comparison judgment
Matrix, the algorithm formula of the judgment matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0001856913300000031
wherein, gijThe importance degree ratio of the ith network parameter to the jth network parameter to the network selection is defined, and the following conditions are satisfied:
gij＞0，gji＝1/gij(i≠j)，gii＝1(i,j＝1,2，...，n)。
preferably, in both step S4 and step S5, the weight vector W is calculated by the eigenvector method:
right-multiplying the weight vector W by a judgment matrix G, including:
GW＝λmaxW，W＝(w1,w2,…,wi,…,wn)T；
wherein λ ismaxFor the maximum eigenvalue of the decision matrix, the weight vector W is the corresponding eigenvalue λ of the decision matrix GmaxThe result of the feature vector normalization of (a); component W of the weight vector WiAnd (4) sorting the weights of the corresponding network parameter hierarchical lists.
Preferably, in step S4, the hierarchical list sorting specifically includes: and sorting the importance weights of the factors in the hierarchy according to the single factor in the previous layer.
Preferably, in step S5, the total hierarchical ranking specifically includes: and (4) sorting the weights of the relative importance of all the network parameters in the single layer to the total target.
Preferably, the consistency check in step S4 and step S5 is specifically: the consistency ratio CR is calculated and,
Figure BDA0001856913300000041
wherein, both CI and RI are consistency indexes;
Figure BDA0001856913300000042
RI can be obtained by table look-up; and when CR is less than 0.10, judging that the consistency of the matrix passes the check, otherwise, judging that the matrix does not pass the check.
Preferably, in step S6, the determination of the optimal handover strategy specifically includes: and obtaining the weight ranks of the candidate networks from the total rank determined in the step S5, and selecting the candidate network with the largest weight as the target network for handover from the weight ranks of the candidate networks.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by counting historical information of connection between the user terminal and the network, including historical access times and average access duration, and combining with secondary factors influencing heterogeneous network switching, a hierarchical structure model is established, and weights of all factors and a hierarchical total sequencing weight are calculated, so that a network quality sequencing result is obtained, and the most appropriate network is selected for vertical switching. The historical information of the user terminal accessing the network plays a key role in reducing unstable switching decisions, the decision result of adding the factors is more rigorous, and the satisfaction degree of the user is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a hierarchy in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a system model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-3.
Example (b): a method for vertical handover of a heterogeneous wireless network based on an analytic hierarchy process, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
s1: counting historical information of a user terminal access network and other factors influencing network switching;
s2: establishing a hierarchical structure model according to historical information and other factors influencing network switching;
s3: constructing a corresponding judgment matrix for each hierarchy in the hierarchical structure model;
s4: performing level single sequencing and consistency check on corresponding levels according to the judgment matrix; if the consistency check is passed, the process proceeds to step S5; if the consistency check is not passed, adjusting the judgment matrix and then performing hierarchical single sequencing and consistency check again;
s5: performing total level sorting and consistency check on corresponding levels according to the judgment matrix; if the consistency check is not passed, adjusting the judgment matrix and then performing hierarchical single sequencing and consistency check again;
s6: and determining an optimal switching strategy according to the results of the single-level sequencing and the total-level sequencing.
In step S1, the historical information of the user terminal accessing the network and the secondary factors affecting network handover are statistically analyzed, and there are 9 network parameters in total, specifically including network load, delay coefficient, bandwidth, and packet loss rate. The historical information comprises historical access times and average access duration, and the delay coefficient comprises delay and delay jitter.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S2, a hierarchical model including a target layer, a criterion sublayer and a scheme layer is constructed according to the attributes counted in step S1. The criterion layer includes a load B1Delay coefficient B2Bandwidth B3History information B4And packet loss rate B5. The criterion sublayer comprises a delay C1Delay jitter C2Historical access times C3And average access duration C4. The scheme layer is a network to be switched, and comprises a network 1, a network 2 and a network 3 which are respectively marked as D1、D2And D3。
In step S3, a pairwise comparison determination matrix is constructed according to the proportion of each network parameter, and the algorithm formula of the determination matrix is:
Figure BDA0001856913300000051
wherein, gijThe importance degree ratio of the ith network parameter to the jth network parameter to the network selection is defined, and the following conditions are satisfied:
gij＞0，gji＝1/gij(i≠j)，gii＝1(i,j＝1,2，...，n)。
taking numbers 1-9 and reciprocal thereof as gijAs shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001856913300000061
A global judgment matrix of the importance degree of the criterion layer relative to the target layer can be obtained
Figure BDA0001856913300000062
Wherein, aijRepresenting the importance of the ith factor relative to the jth factor in the criteria layer relative to the target layer, and the criteria sub-layer relative to the criteria layer B2Local judgment matrix of degree of importance
Figure BDA0001856913300000063
And a criteria sublayer relative to criteria layer B4Local judgment matrix of degree of importance
Figure BDA0001856913300000064
Wherein, bijRepresenting factor B relative to a layer of criteria2(or B)4) In terms of importance, the ith factor in the criterion sublayer relative to the jth factor; the same reasoning can be seen that the scheme layer is relative to the load B1Time delay C1And all judgment matrixes of the factors directly connected with the scheme layer are respectively matrixes B1、C1、C2、B3、C3、C4And B5。
In step S4, the weights of the decision factors are calculated first for hierarchical single-rank ordering, in this embodiment, a feature vector method is used to calculate the weights, and the weight vector W is right-multiplied by the decision matrix a, which includes:
AW＝λmaxW，W＝(w1,w2,…,wi,…,wn)T；
wherein λ ismaxIn order to judge the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix, the weight vector W is the corresponding eigenvalue lambda of the judgment matrix AmaxThe feature vector of (2) is normalized. The weight vector W of the judgment matrix A can be obtained by applying a feature vector methodA＝(w1,w2,w3,w4,w5)TWherein w isiI.e. the weight corresponding to each factor of the criterion layer.
Similarly, the local judgment matrix B can be calculated2And B4Are each U1＝(u1,u2)TAnd U2＝(u3,u4)TFurther, the weight of each factor of the sub-layer of the criterion, the time delay C, can be obtained1Weight value w of21＝w2×u1Jitter delay C2Weight value w of22＝w2×u2Historical access times C3Weight value w of43＝w4×u3Average access duration C4Weight value w of44＝w4×u4。
The judgment matrix B can be obtained in the same way1、C1、C2、B3、C3、C4And B5Are respectively a weight vector of
Figure BDA0001856913300000071
In step S4, a consistency check is required after the hierarchical single ordering:
the consistency index CI is first calculated,
Figure BDA0001856913300000072
wherein λ ismaxTo determine the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix, n is the order of the matrix.
The consistent CI index is then looked up and its values are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0001856913300000073
Finally, the consistency ratio CR is calculated:
Figure BDA0001856913300000074
when CR < 0.10, the inconsistency degree of the judgment matrix is considered to be in the allowable range, the normalized characteristic vector can be used as the weight vector, otherwise, the judgment matrix is reconstructed and adjusted.
In step S5, the total hierarchical ranking is the weight of each factor to the total target in the solution layer, which is:
D1：
Figure BDA0001856913300000081
D2：
Figure BDA0001856913300000082
D3：
Figure BDA0001856913300000083
in step S5, after the hierarchical total sorting is performed, a consistency check of the hierarchical total sorting needs to be performed:
is provided with
Figure BDA0001856913300000084
And
Figure BDA0001856913300000085
the consistency index of the single-level ordering is the consistency proportion CR of the total-level orderingGeneral assembly：
Figure BDA0001856913300000086
When CR is reachedGeneral assemblyWhen the total rank is less than 0.10, the total rank is considered to pass the consistency test,
Figure BDA0001856913300000087
can be used as the final decision basis.
As shown in fig. 3, in step 6, an optimal handover strategy is determined, which is a heterogeneous wireless network system model diagram. Setting three alternative networks in a heterogeneous wireless network environment, wherein the three alternative networks are respectively as follows: network 1, network 2 and network 3, denoted D1、D2And D3. The total hierarchical ranking determined in step 5 can be used for knowing the weight ranking of the three candidate networks
Figure BDA0001856913300000088
The network with the largest weight is the optimal network, and the network is switched to.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (1)

1. A heterogeneous wireless network vertical switching method based on an analytic hierarchy process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: counting historical information of a user terminal accessing a network and factors influencing network switching; the historical information comprises historical access times and average access duration; the factors influencing the network switching comprise network load, time delay coefficient, bandwidth and packet loss rate; the time delay coefficient comprises time delay and time delay jitter;
s2: establishing a hierarchical structure model according to historical information and factors influencing network switching; the hierarchical structure model comprises a target layer, a criterion sublayer and a scheme layer; wherein,
the criterion layer includes a load B1Delay coefficient B2Bandwidth B3History information B4And packet loss rate B5；
The criterion sublayer comprises a delay C1Delay jitter C2Historical access times C3And average access duration C4；
The scheme layer is a network to be switched, and comprises a network 1, a network 2 and a network 3 which are respectively marked as D1、D2And D3；
S3: constructing a corresponding judgment matrix for each hierarchy in the hierarchical structure model; the specific steps of the construction of the judgment matrix are as follows:
constructing a pairwise comparison judgment matrix according to the historical information and the proportion of each network parameter in the factors influencing network switching, wherein the algorithm formula of the judgment matrix is as follows:
Figure FDA0002819818670000011
wherein, gijThe importance degree ratio of the ith network parameter to the jth network parameter to the network selection is defined, and the following conditions are satisfied:
gij＞0，gji＝1/gij(i≠j)，gii＝1(i,j＝1,2，...，n)；
s4: performing level single sequencing and consistency check on corresponding levels according to the judgment matrix; the hierarchical list ordering specifically comprises: and (3) according to the weight ranking of the importance of each factor in the hierarchy by the single factor in the previous layer, calculating a weight vector W by adopting a feature vector method:
right-multiplying the weight vector W by a judgment matrix G, including:
GW＝λmaxW，W＝(w1,w2,…,wi,…,wn)T；
wherein λ ismaxFor the maximum eigenvalue of the decision matrix, the weight vector W is the corresponding eigenvalue λ of the decision matrix GmaxThe result of the feature vector normalization of (a); component W of the weight vector WiWeights sorted for the corresponding network parameter hierarchy list; the consistency check specifically comprises: the consistency ratio CR is calculated and,
Figure FDA0002819818670000021
wherein, both CI and RI are consistency indexes;
Figure FDA0002819818670000022
RI can be obtained by table look-up; when CR is less than 0.10, judging that the consistency of the matrix passes the check, otherwise, judging that the matrix does not pass the check; if the consistency check is passed, the process proceeds to step S5; if the consistency check is not passed, adjusting the judgment matrix and then performing hierarchical single sequencing and consistency check again;
s5: performing total level sorting and consistency check on corresponding levels according to the judgment matrix; the total hierarchical ranking is specifically as follows: and (3) sorting the weights of all network parameters in a single layer on the relative importance of the total target, and calculating a weight vector W by adopting a feature vector method:
right-multiplying the weight vector W by a judgment matrix G, including:
GW＝λmaxW，W＝(w1,w2,…,wi,…,wn)T；
wherein λ ismaxFor the maximum eigenvalue of the decision matrix, the weight vector W is the corresponding eigenvalue λ of the decision matrix GmaxThe result of the feature vector normalization of (a); component W of the weight vector WiWeights sorted for the corresponding network parameter hierarchy list; the consistency check specifically comprises: the consistency ratio CR is calculated and,
Figure FDA0002819818670000023
wherein, both CI and RI are consistency indexes;
Figure FDA0002819818670000024
RI can be obtained by table look-up; when CR is less than 0.10, judging that the consistency of the matrix passes the check, otherwise, judging that the matrix does not pass the check; if the consistency check is not passed, adjusting the judgment matrix and then performing hierarchical single sequencing and consistency check again;
s6: determining an optimal switching strategy according to the results of the single-level sequencing and the total-level sequencing, wherein the determination of the optimal switching strategy specifically comprises the following steps: and obtaining the weight ranks of the candidate networks from the total rank determined in the step S5, and selecting the candidate network with the largest weight as the target network for handover from the weight ranks of the candidate networks.
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