CN109283530A - A method of the microwave imaging linearity is improved using compressed sensing - Google Patents
A method of the microwave imaging linearity is improved using compressed sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing.Build microwave imaging system, it makes a circle in larger dielectric constant object to be measured week and is disposed with multiple dual-mode antennas uniformly at intervals, one in all dual-mode antennas is used as transmitting antenna to issue electromagnetic waveforms into in-field towards object to be measured, in-field forms scattered field around object to be measured, remaining dual-mode antenna uniformly receives scattered field as receiving antenna, preliminary imaging region is established according to the approximate location scope of object to be measured, so that object to be measured is located in preliminary imaging region, increase the space sparse characteristic between object to be measured and imaging region, processing imaging is carried out to received scattering field signal using compression sensing method, as the linearity of imaging algorithm improves, imaging effect is ideal.It is non-linear when the method for the present invention can effectively improve traditional microwave imaging algorithm for larger dielectric constant target imaging, have the characteristics that be easy to implement, calculate it is quick.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for improving microwave imaging performance, are mentioned more particularly, to a kind of using compressed sensing
The method of the high microwave imaging linearity.
Background technique
Microwave imaging refers to a kind of imaging means using microwave as information carrier, and principle is the electricity using microwave frequency band
Magnetic wave irradiates object to be measured, and the shape or dielectric constant distribution of target are reconstructed by the measurement of scattering field value excited by target.
Microwave imaging is inherently an inverse Problem, extracts target signature information according to the echo-signal inverting of scattering.It is micro-
Wave imaging has the characteristics that safe, non-contact, at low cost, therefore is widely used in safety inspection, partition wall monitoring, medical imaging etc.
Military, civil field.
Although Inverse Problems in Electromagnetics possesses broad application prospect, and the research of related fields has also made progress,
But there are still problems for the application of THE INVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING technology.Inverse Problems in Electromagnetics inherently belongs to the non-thread of pathosis
Property problem, solve difficulty it is big.For this purpose, researcher develops different method for solving, such as Born alternative manner (BIM),
Deform Born alternative manner (DBIM), comparison source inversion method (CSI) including gauss-newton method (GNI), subspace optimization algorithm
(SOM) etc..However strong nonlinearity brought by big dielectric constant, cause most of algorithms can not target to big dielectric constant into
Row imaging and calculating.In addition, many THE INVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING algorithms use iterative technique at present, calculation amount is larger, computational resource requirements
Higher, this is also a bottleneck for restricting THE INVERSE ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING technical application.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as background technique, technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of utilizations
The method of the compressed sensing raising microwave imaging linearity.The method of the present invention can effectively improve traditional microwave imaging algorithm be directed to compared with
It is non-linear when big dielectric constant target imaging, have the characteristics that be easy to implement, calculate it is quick.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
1) microwave imaging system is built, microwave imaging system includes multiple dual-mode antennas, in the to be measured of larger dielectric constant
Make a circle in target week and be disposed with multiple dual-mode antennas uniformly at intervals, one in all dual-mode antennas as transmitting antenna towards to
It surveys target and issues electromagnetic waveforms into in-field, in-field forms scattered field around object to be measured, remaining dual-mode antenna conduct
Receiving antenna uniformly receives scattered field, the space uniform sampling of complete pair signals；
2) preliminary imaging region is established according to the approximate location scope of object to be measured, so that object to be measured is located at tentatively
In imaging region, processing imaging is carried out to received target scattering field signal using compression sensing method, imaging effect is undesirable；
3) increase the space sparse characteristic between object to be measured and imaging region, again using compression sensing method to reception
Scattering field signal carry out processing imaging, as the linearity of imaging algorithm improves, imaging effect is ideal.
The dielectric constant of the object to be measured is 7 or more.
Space sparse characteristic between the increase object to be measured and imaging region is particular by increase comprising to be measured
The imaging region of target realizes that is, increase imaging region, object to be measured remain unchanged.
The present invention is distinguishingly directed to larger dielectric constant target, increases imaging under larger dielectric constant target microwave imaging
The space degree of rarefication in region establishes the linear imaging model between in-field and scattered field, and then combines compressed sensing algorithm, mentions
The linearity of high microwave imaging algorithm, it is final to realize the imaging for being directed to larger dielectric constant target.
In the step 1), the corresponding wavelength of dual-mode antenna working frequency is λ, and adjustment imaging region is set as side length and is
The square area of 2 λ, object to be measured are located in the square area of imaging region.
The dual-mode antenna is single-band antenna.
The method of the invention is adapted to the linear imaging model of compressed sensing algorithm frame, is not suitable for compressed sensing calculation
Linear imaging model other than method.
The method of the present invention is made by increased space degree of rarefication in the case where object to be measured has larger dielectric constant
The effective dielectric constant of entire imaging region reduces, to equally improve the microwave imaging linearity.
The present invention must improve jointly larger dielectric constant using increase imaging region space degree of rarefication and compressed sensing
The microwave imaging linearity, three are indispensable.
The present invention can increase imaging region size by setting, increase the degree of rarefication of imaging region in microwave imaging,
So that the effective dielectric constant of entire imaging region reduces, and then can obtain being adapted to compressed sensing using linear approximation method
The linear imaging model of algorithm frame, and finally obtain rapid solving and be imaged.
Application of the present invention has compression sensing method, and sparse prior condition is applied to the solution procedure of ill linear equation
In, so as to realize the perfect reconstruction of original signal with the sampling number far below Nyquist, this, which will be greatly reduced, is
The complexity of system and the processing time of signal.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Low-k target can be only imaged different from back scattering imaging technique traditional in background technique, this hair
It is bright that sparse scene is constructed by setting imaging area size, so that the effective dielectric constant of entire imaging region reduces, thus sharp
The microwave imaging linearity is improved with sparse prior information, is realized to big dielectric constant target imaging.The characteristics of the method for the present invention, exists
In improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing algorithm, big dielectric constant target is imaged in realization.
The present invention constructs sparse scene by artificially dividing imaging area size, has and is easy to implement, and calculates quick etc.
Advantage.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of imaging system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the object to be measured original image under the smaller imaging region of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the imaging schematic diagram of traditional inverse scattering algorithm of the smaller imaging region of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the imaging schematic diagram of the compressed sensing algorithm of the smaller imaging region of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the object to be measured original image of the embodiment of the present invention increased after imaging region.
Fig. 6 is the imaging schematic diagram for increasing traditional inverse scattering algorithm after imaging region of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the imaging schematic diagram for increasing the compressed sensing algorithm after imaging region of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: object to be measured 1, antenna 2, imaging region 3.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, detailed description of the present invention implementation process.
Present invention specific implementation is:
1) microwave imaging system is built, microwave imaging system includes multiple dual-mode antennas 2, in the to be measured of larger dielectric constant
It makes a circle within target 1 week and is disposed with multiple dual-mode antennas 2 uniformly at intervals, one in all dual-mode antennas 2 is used as transmitting antenna court
Electromagnetic waveforms are issued into in-field to object to be measured 1, and in-field forms scattered field around object to be measured 1, remaining transmitting-receiving day
Line 2 uniformly receives scattered field as receiving antenna, the space uniform sampling of complete pair signals；
2) preliminary imaging region 3 is established according to the approximate location scope of object to be measured 1, so that object to be measured 1 is located at just
In the imaging region 3 of step, processing imaging is carried out to received target scattering field signal using compression sensing method, imaging effect is not
It is ideal；
3) increase the space sparse characteristic between object to be measured 1 and imaging region 3, docked again using compression sensing method
The scattering field signal of receipts carries out processing imaging, and as the linearity of imaging algorithm improves, imaging effect is ideal.
In concrete measure, the corresponding wavelength of 2 working frequency of dual-mode antenna is λ, and it is 2 λ that adjustment imaging region 3, which is set as side length,
Square area, object to be measured 1 is located in the square area of imaging region 3.
In measurement process, Electromagnetic Continuous wave is emitted to object to be measured by transmitting antenna and forms in-field, receiving antenna connects
The scattered field of in-field and object to be measured interaction generation is received, in-field and scattered field collectively constitute resultant field, complete pair signals
Space uniform sampling, realize imaging to big dielectric constant target based on this and then using compressed sensing algorithm.
The matrix of electro magnetic scattering process is expressed as:
E2=GJ (1)
J=XE (2)
Wherein, E2It is expressed as scattered field and resultant field with E, G is freely empty from imaging region to all receiving antennas
Between Green's Jacobian matrix indicate, J indicate induced current, X be object to be measured material correlation properties (such as have dielectric constant, after
To scattering coefficient, space reflection rate).
It is obtained by (1) formula and (2) formula:
E2=GEX (3)
When resultant field E is approximately in-field E1, i.e. E=E1, (3) formula is indicated are as follows:
E2=GE1·σ (4)
Wherein, σ is the space reflection rate distribution comprising object to be measured and air section in imaging region, E2For scattered field, G
It is indicated for the free space Green's function matrix from imaging region to all receiving antennas, E1Indicate in-field.
In above formula, GE1The calculation matrix of imaging region is constituted, the dimension of calculation matrix corresponds to imaging area
The size in domain.In the case where calculating object to be measured size is constant, space degree of rarefication is by increasing the imaging comprising object to be measured
It realizes in region (dimension for equally increasing calculation matrix).
Specific embodiments of the present invention and its implementation process are as follows:
Microwave imaging system of the invention is as shown in Figure 1, dual-mode antenna 2 is placed at equal intervals around object to be measured 1, to scattered
Field is penetrated to carry out uniformly finishing receiving the space uniform sampling to signal.Each 2 electromagnetic signals of dual-mode antenna or reception
Scatter electromagnetic wave signal.In this example, the corresponding wavelength of 2 working frequency of dual-mode antenna is λ, finally builds imaging region 3 and sets
It is set to the square area that side length is 2 λ.Concrete condition is as follows:
1) firstly, cross section and specific size such as Fig. 2 object to be measured and imaging region shown is arranged in the first step,
The cross section size of middle imaging region is the λ of 0.5 λ × 0.5, and the radius of the cross section size of object to be measured is 0.2 λ, object to be measured
Size and imaging region size ratio are 0.5 (by areal calculation in figure), and degree of rarefication is low.
The relative dielectric constant of object to be measured changes to 10 from 7.Imaging region and dual-mode antenna spacing meet far-field range
Condition, using plane wave as incident electromagnetic field.
Embodiment using tradition inverse scattering algorithm TSOM and compressed sensing algorithm respectively to the target of differing dielectric constant into
Row imaging, it is as a result as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4 respectively.
The results show that the strong nonlinearity due to caused by larger dielectric constant target, TSOM algorithm and compressed sensing algorithm are equal
Target can not be correctly imaged.
2) firstly, the cross section of object to be measured and imaging region after the increase imaging region shown such as Fig. 5 is arranged in second step
And specific size, wherein the cross section size of imaging region is the λ of 2 λ × 2, and the radius of the cross section size of object to be measured is kept
For 0.2 λ, object to be measured size and imaging region size ratio are 0.03 (by areal calculation in figure), and degree of rarefication increases.
The relative dielectric constant of target changes to 10 from 7.Imaging region and dual-mode antenna spacing meet far-field range condition,
Using plane wave as incident electromagnetic field.
It is same that the target of differing dielectric constant is carried out respectively using tradition inverse scattering algorithm TSOM and compressed sensing algorithm
Imaging.
Fig. 6 (a), (b), (c), (d) be the target dielectric constant that uses TSOM to be calculated for 7,8,9,10 reconstruction figure
Picture.The results show that reconstructed results have already appeared distortion in dielectric constant 7, as dielectric constant continues to increase, can not
Correct reconstruction image is obtained, shows that traditional inverse scattering algorithm is difficult to cope with the target scene of big dielectric constant.
Fig. 7 (a), (b), (c), (d) are the weight that the target dielectric constant that compressed sensing algorithm is calculated is 7,8,9,10
Build image.The results show that the position of target and profile are completely coincident with original image in dielectric constant 7.With dielectric constant
Continue increase, there is distortion degree and also deteriorate therewith in reconstructed results, but the integral position of reconstruction image still with original graph
As being overlapped, and image is within the scope of distinguishable.Show after increasing imaging region, compressed sensing algorithm can effectively improve micro-
The linearity is imaged in wave, and the target of big dielectric constant is correctly imaged to realize.
Thus above-described embodiment is as it can be seen that proposed by the invention is improved using increase imaging region degree of rarefication and compressed sensing
The method of the microwave imaging linearity improves the microwave imaging linearity using sparse prior information, to realize normal to larger dielectric
Number target imaging, has that cost is cheap, is easy to implement, calculates and quickly etc. protrude significant technical effect.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure, the variation or replacement that can be readily occurred in, all
It is covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection scope of claims
Subject to.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method for improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing, it is characterised in that:
1) microwave imaging system is built, microwave imaging system includes multiple dual-mode antennas (2), in the mesh to be measured of larger dielectric constant
Mark makes a circle in (1) week to be disposed with multiple dual-mode antennas (2) uniformly at intervals, and one in all dual-mode antennas (2) is as transmitting day
Line issues electromagnetic waveforms into in-field towards object to be measured (1), and in-field forms scattered field around object to be measured (1), remaining
Dual-mode antenna (2) scattered field is uniformly received as receiving antenna, the space uniform of complete pair signals samples；
2) preliminary imaging region (3) are established according to the position range that presets of object to be measured (1), so that object to be measured (1)
In preliminary imaging region (3), processing imaging is carried out to received target scattering field signal using compression sensing method, at
As effect is undesirable；
3) increase the space sparse characteristic between object to be measured (1) and imaging region (3), docked again using compression sensing method
The scattering field signal of receipts carries out processing imaging, and as the linearity of imaging algorithm improves, imaging effect is ideal.
2. a kind of method for improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The dielectric constant of the object to be measured (1) is 7 or more.
3. a kind of method for improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Space sparse characteristic between the increase object to be measured (1) and imaging region (3) includes mesh to be measured particular by increase
Target imaging region is realized.
4. a kind of method for improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the step 1), the corresponding wavelength of dual-mode antenna (2) working frequency is λ, and it is 2 λ that adjustment imaging region (3), which is set as side length,
Square area, object to be measured (1) is located in the square area of imaging region (3).
5. a kind of method for improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The dual-mode antenna is single-band antenna.
6. a kind of method for improving the microwave imaging linearity using compressed sensing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The method is adapted to the linear imaging model of compressed sensing algorithm frame.
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| CN110720914A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-24 | 深圳技术大学 | Sparse sampling-based holographic magnetic induction thoracic cavity imaging method and imaging system |
| CN111174750A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-05-19 | 黑龙江工业学院 | Pipe fitting lateral wall straightness accuracy measuring tool |
| CN111239730A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-06-05 | 浙江大学 | Electromagnetic non-line-of-sight imaging method based on time reversal and compressed sensing |
| CN111766294A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-13 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Microwave imaging-based sandstone aggregate nondestructive testing method |
| CN112285695A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-29 | 浙江大学 | Interactive positioning system and method based on compressed sensing |
| CN113670952A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-19 | 宁波大学 | Dielectric material real-time microwave imaging method based on sparse induction current |
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| CN113670952A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-19 | 宁波大学 | Dielectric material real-time microwave imaging method based on sparse induction current |
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