CN109283253A - One kind being based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method - Google Patents
One kind being based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109283253A CN109283253A CN201811433475.4A CN201811433475A CN109283253A CN 109283253 A CN109283253 A CN 109283253A CN 201811433475 A CN201811433475 A CN 201811433475A CN 109283253 A CN109283253 A CN 109283253A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0609—Display arrangements, e.g. colour displays
- G01N29/0645—Display representation or displayed parameters, e.g. A-, B- or C-Scan
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses one kind to be based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer are immersed in the water simultaneously, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe is with ultrasonic wave receiving transducer perpendicular to the two sides of light porous ceramic based composites to be detected；Ultrasonic wave transmitting probe moves back and forth to be scanned light porous ceramic based composites to be detected with ultrasonic wave receiving transducer in the direction x-y of the two sides of light porous ceramic based composites to be detected, data collecting card acquires the ultrasonic signal that ultrasonic wave receiving transducer receives and is transferred to the computer for being equipped with LabVIEW program, the data of acquisition are carried out maximum value projection and rebuild to obtain ultrasonic C-scan Image by LabVIEW, it may recognize that defect area, also just complete fault in material test experience.Compared with prior art, the present invention may be implemented to ceramic matric composite Hole, be mingled with and the detection of the defect risks such as unsticking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to light ceramics base porous compound material defect detecting technique fields, especially a kind of former based on ultrasound
Manage light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method.
Background technique
In all types of novel Composite Material in Space, the ceramic porous composite material of fiber rigidity has lightweight, antioxygen
Change, high specific strength, high ratio modulus, high temperature resistant, creep resistant, fatigue limit be good and the excellent properties such as high-wearing feature, thus aviation,
Space industry is widely applied.But the detection about the type composite structure bonding defect, it there is no at present perfect
Examination criteria and appraisement system, quality of adhesive detection is carried out to such material and assessment not only has a extensive future but also meaning is deep
Far.
In recent years, supersonic testing method was because of high sensitivity, harmless, easy to automate, operation easily grasp, experiment
The advantages that equipment can simply carry is widely used in the defects detection of Aeronautics and Astronautics field composite material.To being at present
Only, Wei Q using empty coupling ultrasonic technique realize the detection to GFRP covering Nomex honeycomb sandwich composite debonding defect and
The detection of ceramic matric composite interior laminate layer defect.It is more that WS Ji etc. using ultrasonic pulse-echo method has studied rocket engine
The bonding defect of layer bonded structure.For ceramic porous heat-barrier material bonding defect, Y Wen on the basis of ECT detection system,
Propose a kind of Landwebe iterative algorithm for improving initial value, the reconstruction quality for improving defect image by a relatively large margin.Mei Hui
Elaborate the present Research detected using infrared thermal imaging, industry CT, X-ray, ultrasonic wave and acoustic emission to CMC material,
Wherein ultrasound part mainly have studied the stiffness coefficient of CMC material, elastic behavior and derogatory behaviour under tensile load with
And lamination defect of material internal etc..GK Sun successfully is detected diameter in CMC material using Laser Ultrasonic Technique and is greater than 5mm's
Interior laminate layer phenomenon.DTD Salvo et al. has studied the mechanical property and its characterization of CMC material.S Poges etc. has studied continuously
The preparation and characterization of fiber reinforcement CMC material.Luo Ming is surveyed by acoustical parameter of the ultrasonic water immersion impulse method to CMC material
It is fixed.The microstructure and fiber orientation and local delamination and hole defect of D Koch combination CMC material, using modeling method come
The result of description experiment test.Z Chen studies the metallic matrix performance of ceramic/metal composite armour, has obtained sound wave
Dispersion curve in ceramic/metal matrix medium, and analyze influence of the metallic matrix physical parameter variation to dispersion curve.
But above-mentioned detection method experimental facilities is complicated, Meteorological is high, and cumbersome, and detection efficiency is not high.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics
Base porous compound material defect inspection method, for being bonded, be mingled with and hole present in light ceramics base porous compound material
The detection of the danger such as hole type defect.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented according to following technical scheme:
One kind being based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: will be immersed in the water after light porous ceramic based composites to be detected cladding with preservative film first, simultaneously
Ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer are immersed in the water simultaneously, the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave are received and visited
Two sides of the head perpendicular to light porous ceramic based composites to be detected, and ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer
In the same horizontal line, ultrasonic signal is sent to ultrasonic wave transmitting probe by ultrasonic signal generator, ultrasonic wave is through water
It travels in light porous ceramic based composites to be detected；
Step 2: ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer are in light porous ceramic based composites to be detected
The direction x-y of two sides moves back and forth to be scanned light porous ceramic based composites to be detected, data collecting card
The ultrasonic signal that acquisition ultrasonic wave receiving transducer receives is then delivered to the LabVIEW program in computer.When to be tested
When sample bonding layer existing defects, portion of ultrasonic sound wave can be reflected by defect interface, then the signal received can be by different degrees of
Decaying.If zero defect in sample to be tested bonding layer, the ultrasonic transmission wave energy comparison that receiving transducer receives is high.In host computer
LabVIEW software by the collected ultrasonic transmission wave amplitude information of capture card using maximum value projection algorithm rebuild i.e.: visiting
A ultrasonic signal is recorded at each scan position of head, takes the peak-to-peak value of this signal, it is corresponding to be then assigned to this position
The array element of reconstruction image matrix, realizes the correspondence of ultrasonic signal maximum amplitude and reconstruction image gray value, to obtain corresponding
Plane monitoring-network image, i.e. Ultrasonic C-Scan reconstruction image, are then shown by LabVIEW software interface；It is super because what is received
Acoustical signal amplitude is not of uniform size, and the gray value size of each pixel can be different in reconstruction image, is rebuild and is schemed according to Ultrasonic C-Scan
The comparison of different zones color, can identify the defects of detection image region as in, and it is real to complete a fault in material detection
It tests.
Further, the ultrasonic signal of the ultrasonic signal generator transmitting is defeated after wideband power amplifer amplifies
Ultrasonic wave transmitting probe is arrived out.
Further, the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe is driven with ultrasonic wave receiving transducer by three-dimensional machinery scanning means, three-dimensional
Mechanical scanner is by two for driving ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer in light porous ceramic to be detected
The motor and motor driver that the direction x of the two sides of based composites and the direction y move back and forth are constituted, and motor driver passes through
DAQ equipment NI USB-6251 is connected with computer, and the LabVIEW program in computer is sent to DAQ equipment NI USB-6251
Control signal makes motor action.
Further, the Scanning step of the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer is 0.125mm/ times.
Compared with prior art, the present invention may be implemented to ceramic matric composite Hole, be mingled with and unsticking etc. is dangerous
Property defect detection, wherein hole type and be mingled with type defects detection effect it is more satisfactory, and can detecte the hole of diameter 1mm
Hole type defect.The present invention is the defects detection of the light ceramics based composites of strong sound absorbing performance, data analysis and bonding quality
Technical foundation has been established in assessment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is C-scan detection system structural block diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is scan path and image-forming principle schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 3 is sample 1 and reconstruction image；(a) it is sample 1, is (b) image after reconstruction.
Fig. 4 is sample 2 and reconstruction image；(a) it is sample 2, is (b) image after reconstruction.
Fig. 5 is sample 3 and reconstruction image；(a) it is sample 3, is (b) image after reconstruction.
Fig. 6 is sample 4 and reconstruction image；(a) it is sample 4, is (b) image after reconstruction.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, below in conjunction with drawings and examples, to this
Invention is described in further detail.Described herein the specific embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, is not used to limit
Invention.
As shown in Figure 1, one kind of the present embodiment is based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defects detection side
Method first has to build detection system, the detection system mainly by being equipped with the computer of LabVIEW program, ultrasonic signal is sent out
Raw device, three-dimensional machinery scanning means, power amplifier, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2, ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3, data collecting card group
At；Three-dimensional machinery scanning means is made of two motors and motor driver, and workpiece 1 is immersed in the water, ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 with
Ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 is immersed in the water, and the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 is with ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 perpendicular to the two sides of workpiece 1
Face, and ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 are in the same horizontal line, using LabVIEW program in computer to
DAQ equipment NI USB-6251, which sends control signal, makes motor driven systems work to drive three-dimensional machinery scanning means mobile,
Ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2, ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 are scanned workpiece 1 according to predefined paths, ultrasonic signal by
Ultrasonic signal generator generates, and is received after power amplifier amplifies and penetrates workpiece by ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3, NI
PCI-5122 data collecting card acquires ultrasonic signal in real time and sends computer to, and LabVIEW carries out the data of acquisition most
Big value backprojection reconstruction (records a ultrasonic signal i.e. at each scan position of probe, takes the peak-to-peak value of this signal (maximum
Value), it is then assigned to the array element of the corresponding reconstruction image matrix in this position, realizes ultrasonic signal maximum amplitude and reconstruction image ash
The correspondence of angle value) ultimately form Ultrasonic C-Scan reconstruction image.
When being detected using the detection system of above-mentioned building to light ceramics base porous compound material defects detection, specifically
Steps are as follows:
Step 1: first water will be immersed after workpiece 1 (light porous ceramic based composites to be detected) cladding with preservative film
In, while ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 being immersed in the water simultaneously, the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 with it is super
Acoustic receiver probe 3 is perpendicular to the two sides of workpiece 1, and ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 are in same level
On line, ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic wave water-borne transmission to workpiece are sent to ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 by ultrasonic signal generator
In 1；
Step 2: the LabVIEW program in computer sends control signal to DAQ equipment NI USB-6251 and makes motor
Make, the Scanning step of ultrasonic wave transmitting probe 2 and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 is 0.125mm/ times, and then drives ultrasonic wave transmitting
Probe 2 is moved back and forth with ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 in the direction x of the two sides of workpiece 1 and the direction y to more to lightweight to be detected
Hole ceramic matric composite is scanned, scan path 4, and data collecting card acquisition ultrasonic wave receiving transducer 3 receives super
Acoustic signals simultaneously send the computer for being equipped with LabVIEW program to, and the data of acquisition are carried out maximum value projection weight by LabVIEW
It builds and (records a ultrasonic signal i.e. at each scan position of probe, take the peak-to-peak value (maximum value) of this signal, then assign
To the array element of the corresponding reconstruction image matrix in this position, pair of ultrasonic signal maximum amplitude and reconstruction image gray value is realized
Answer), to obtain corresponding plane monitoring-network image, i.e. Ultrasonic C-Scan reconstruction image, Ultrasonic C-Scan reconstruction image is in host computer
LabVIEW is shown on interface.Because the ultrasonic signal amplitude that receiving transducer receives is not of uniform size, so Ultrasonic C-Scan rebuilds figure
The gray value size of each pixel can be different as in, can be found out by the gray value comparison of Ultrasonic C-Scan reconstruction image scarce
Trapping spot 5.
Further to verify feasibility of the invention, sensed system parameter is provided that trigger voltage 5V in experiment, sampling
Rate 4MHz, sampling number 10000, external edging trigger, actual scanning step pitch is 0.125mm/ times, using special customized water
Point focusing probe is soaked, wafer diameter is 6 millimeters, focal length 50mm, frequency 2.5Mhz.When detection composite material hole type lacks
When falling into, because material has strong sound absorbing performance, the ultrasonic signal energy that fault location can be made to receive is greater than the energy at non-defective place,
Take the ultrasonic amplitude received corresponding with the gray value of reconstruction image, to pass through different scanning field color in reconstruction image
Difference identifies defect area；When detecting the unsticking and inclusion defect in composite structure, because in fault location incident medium
Different from transmission medium acoustic impedance, portion of ultrasonic sound wave energy can be reflected, and the signal received is caused to be less than the super of non-defective place
Acoustic wave energy identifies defect area eventually by the difference of different scanning field color in reconstruction image.
Hole type defects detection
The defective hole of different-diameter is implanted on No. 1 ceramic matric composite plate, as shown in table 1.Sample 1 having a size of
150mm × 150mm × 5mm, as shown in Fig. 3 (a), wherein iris out mark is probe physical scan area.It is using frequency
The ultrasonic transducer of 2.5MHz detects composite material, is then filtered using MAT LAB to the ultrasound data received
Wave, enhancing, reconstruction obtain the reconstruction image corresponding with scanning area as shown in Fig. 3 (b).
1 hole type defects detection result of table
| Serial number | Defect type | Defect size | Testing result |
| Defect is 1. | Through-hole | Φ1.0mm | Detection |
| Defect is 2. | Through-hole | Φ1.5mm | Detection |
| Defect is 3. | Through-hole | Φ2.0mm | Detection |
| Defect is 4. | Through-hole | Φ2.5mm | Detection |
| Defect is 5. | Through-hole | Φ3.0mm | Detection |
| Defect is 6. | Through-hole | Φ3.5mm | Detection |
| Defect is 7. | Through-hole | Φ4.5mm | Detection |
| Defect is 8. | Through-hole | Φ5.0mm | Detection |
By testing result it is found that the system can detecte in ceramic matric composite when frequency probe is 2.5MHz
Diameter is the defective hole of 1.0mm, and can clearly tell the hole defect of different-diameter.
The detection of air debonding defect
It is tested using No. 2 bonding exemplars, for exemplar having a size of 200mm × 200mm × 10mm, lower layer is the thick ceramics of 6mm
Based composites, upper layer are 2mm thickness poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, and centre is by epoxy resin glue sticking, with a thickness of 2mm, in glue-line
The air debonding defect of pre-buried irregular shape, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), iris out mark is probe physical scan area, scanning area
Shown in the corresponding reconstruction image such as Fig. 4 (b) of domain.
Inclusion defect detection
Sample 3 is having a size of 100mm × 100mm × 10mm, and wherein insulation thickness is 6mm, organic glass plate thickness 2mm,
Epoxy glue layer thickness 2mm.The pre-buried foamed glue inclusion defect in intermediate gelatine layer, shown in sample such as Fig. 5 (a), centre circle
What is marked out is probe physical scan area, shown in the corresponding reconstruction image of scanning area such as Fig. 5 (b).
Sample 4 is having a size of 100mm × 100mm × 10mm, and wherein insulation thickness is 6mm, organic glass plate thickness 2mm,
Epoxide-resin glue thickness 2mm.Detected waddy inclusion defect is labelled in Fig. 6 (a), wherein iris out mark is that probe is practical
Scanning area.Fig. 6 (b) is the corresponding image reconstruction result of scanning area.
By testing result it is found that when frequency probe is 2.5MHz, system be capable of detecting when hole in material, unsticking and
The dangerous type defect such as it is mingled with, it is preferable for the inclusion defects recognition effect such as foamed glue, waddy at glued layer, air unsticking is lacked
Sunken accuracy of identification is also relatively low.Next the software and hardware of the system is required further improvement to improve the resolution ratio and inspection of system
Precision is surveyed, to complete detection and positioning, the quantitative analysis to aerospace ceramic matric composite bonding defect.
The limitation that technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, it is all to do according to the technique and scheme of the present invention
Technology deformation out, falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method, which is characterized in that including following
Step:
Step 1: will be immersed in the water after light porous ceramic based composites to be detected cladding with preservative film first, while will surpass
Sound wave transmitting probe is immersed in the water with ultrasonic wave receiving transducer, the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer perpendicular to
The two sides of light porous ceramic based composites to be detected, and ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer are in same water
On horizontal line, by ultrasonic signal generator to ultrasonic wave transmitting probe send ultrasonic signal, ultrasonic wave water-borne transmission to
It detects in light porous ceramic based composites；
Step 2: ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer are in the two sides of light porous ceramic based composites to be detected
Face moves back and forth to be scanned light porous ceramic based composites to be detected according to the direction x-y, and data collecting card is adopted
The ultrasonic signal that collection ultrasonic wave receiving transducer receives is then delivered in the LabVIEW program of computer and is handled, when
When sample to be tested bonding layer existing defects, portion of ultrasonic sound wave can be reflected by defect interface, then the signal received can be by difference
The decaying of degree, if zero defect in sample to be tested bonding layer, the ultrasonic transmission wave energy comparison that receiving transducer receives is high, on
LabVIEW software in the machine of position rebuilds the collected ultrasonic transmission wave amplitude information of capture card using maximum value projection algorithm
That is: a ultrasonic signal is recorded at each scan position of probe, is taken the peak-to-peak value of this signal, is then assigned to this position
The array element of corresponding reconstruction image matrix realizes the correspondence of ultrasonic signal maximum amplitude and reconstruction image gray value, to obtain
Corresponding plane monitoring-network image, i.e. Ultrasonic C-Scan reconstruction image, are then shown by LabVIEW software interface；Because receiving
The ultrasonic signal amplitude arrived is not of uniform size, and the gray value size of each pixel can be different in reconstruction image, according to Ultrasonic C-Scan
The comparison of different zones color in reconstruction image, can identify the defects of detection image region, complete a fault in material
Test experience.
2. according to claim 1 be based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method, spy
Sign is: the ultrasonic signal of the ultrasonic signal generator transmitting is output to ultrasound after wideband power amplifer amplifies
Wave transmitting probe.
3. according to claim 1 be based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method, spy
Sign is: the movement of the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer is driven by three-dimensional machinery scanning means, three
Dimension mechanical scanner is by two for driving ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer in light porous pottery to be detected
The motor and motor driver that the direction x of the two sides of porcelain based composites and the direction y move back and forth are constituted, and motor driver is logical
It crosses DAQ equipment NI USB-6251 to be connected with computer, the LabVIEW program in computer is sent out to DAQ equipment NI USB-6251
Control signal is sent to make motor action.
4. according to claim 1 be based on ultrasonic principle light ceramics base porous compound material defect inspection method, spy
Sign is: the Scanning step of the ultrasonic wave transmitting probe and ultrasonic wave receiving transducer is 0.125mm/ times.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112326793A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-05 | 北京理工大学 | Manipulator backtracking movement method based on ultrasonic C-scan projection view defect relocation |
| CN112816557A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-18 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Defect detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114076797A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-22 | 清华大学 | Internal damage detection method and device |
| CN114324599A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-12 | 天津大学 | Honeycomb sandwich plate debonding area ultrasonic C-scan quantitative method based on period reconstruction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112816557A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-18 | 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 | Defect detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Zhang Yuyan Inventor after: Fu Kai Inventor after: Li Wanda Inventor after: Wen Yintang Inventor after: Pan Zhao Inventor after: Yuan Yi Inventor after: Liang Xi Inventor after: Li Yongbao Inventor after: Zhang Zhiwei Inventor after: Jia Bin Inventor before: Zhang Yuyan Inventor before: Li Yongbao Inventor before: Wen Yintang Inventor before: Zhang Zhiwei Inventor before: Pan Zhao Inventor before: Jia Bin Inventor before: Fu Kai |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20190129 |