CN109279746B - Method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and reducing resistance genes - Google Patents
Method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and reducing resistance genes Download PDFInfo
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- CN109279746B CN109279746B CN201811423974.5A CN201811423974A CN109279746B CN 109279746 B CN109279746 B CN 109279746B CN 201811423974 A CN201811423974 A CN 201811423974A CN 109279746 B CN109279746 B CN 109279746B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/18—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by thermal conditioning
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/06—Sludge reduction, e.g. by lysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synchronously improving anaerobic methane production of sludge and reducing resistance genes, which is characterized in that after anaerobic treatment, sewage is subjected to aerobic treatment under the action of zero-valent iron and reacts under the aeration condition, so that the treatment efficiency of the sewage is improved, the content of antibiotics in a system is reduced, the enrichment amount of the resistance genes is reduced, and the EPS content of the sludge is reduced; secondly, performing secondary sedimentation, wherein the iron-containing excess sludge is subjected to gravity sedimentation and concentration; preheating the concentrated sludge, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction; and after the reaction is finished, after the temperature of the hydrothermal mixed solution is reduced, adding the hydrothermal mixed solution into an anaerobic digestion system for high-temperature anaerobic digestion. The invention reduces the content of sludge extracellular polymers, realizes the reduction of resistance genes in the sludge, adds hydrothermal solution into a sludge anaerobic digestion system, and ensures that the hydrothermal solution containing molten iron with high organic content is beneficial to the anaerobic digestion of the sludge to produce methane and further reduces and removes the resistance genes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and reducing resistance genes, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection.
Background
Antibiotics are widely used as preventive and therapeutic drugs for infectious diseases of human and animals and growth promoters for animals. In recent years, the massive use of antibiotics causes massive proliferation of resistant microorganisms and enrichment and spread of resistant genes, and researches show that the ubiquitous presence of the resistant genes in the water body environment poses serious threats to human health, and the removal and the reduction of the antibiotic resistant genes are not slow. The sewage treatment plant receives resistance genes (ARGs) discharged by various pollution sources, discharges the resistance genes into natural water and soil through different ways, is an important storage bank and a discharge source of the main resistance genes in the environment, and is also an important way for reducing the resistance genes. The activated sludge in the sewage treatment plant is an important place for the existence of resistance genes, and the research result of the pollution level of the resistance genes (tetA, tetC, tetE, tetM, tetO, tetW and sul I) of a certain sewage treatment plant shows that the detection frequency of the resistance genes in the activated sludge is the highest (0.86) (Water Res,2007,41(5): 1143-. The resistance gene may enter the environment during the disposal of the excess sludge, and poses serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, it is imperative to efficiently reduce the resistance genes in sludge.
The anaerobic fermentation is an important technology for sludge disposal, not only can solve the environmental problem caused by the sludge with increasing yield, but also can relieve the current increasingly tense energy supply and demand contradiction, and can reduce resistance genes in the sludge to a certain extent. However, the sludge in China has relatively low organic matter content, low C/N ratio and poor biodegradation performance, the gas production rate and the volatile solid content (VS) removal rate are low during anaerobic fermentation of the sludge, and antibiotics carried in the sludge can inhibit the anaerobic fermentation efficiency of the sludge. Researchers have reported that the methanogenesis rates after 150 hours anaerobic fermentation of pig farm wastewater were 75% and 68% of the control, respectively, when the concentration of amoxicillin was 60mg/L and 120mg/L (Bioresource Technology,2002,82: 205-. Therefore, if the concentration of antibiotics in the sludge and the enrichment content of the resistance genes in the sludge can be reduced, and simultaneously the organic matter content in the sludge fermentation process is increased, and simultaneously the removal of the antibiotics is increased, the method becomes an important way for treating the excess sludge.
The high-temperature high-pressure hydrothermal pretreatment can reduce antibiotics in the sludge, and can release intracellular organic matters by destroying cell walls of microorganisms, so that insoluble organic matters are converted into soluble organic matters, the hydrolysis process is greatly shortened, the hydrolysis, acidification and gas production of the sludge are accelerated, and the efficiency of producing the methane by anaerobic fermentation of the residual sludge is improved. Meanwhile, the resistance genes in the sludge can be effectively reduced, so that the further diffusion of the resistance genes to the environment is prevented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: how to synchronously improve the anaerobic methanogenesis of the sludge and the reduction of resistance genes.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and reducing resistance genes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): after the sewage is subjected to anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment is carried out under the action of zero-valent iron, and the sewage reacts under the aeration condition, so that the treatment efficiency of the sewage is improved, the content of antibiotics in a system is reduced, the enrichment amount of resistance genes is reduced, and the EPS content of sludge is reduced;
step 2): secondly, performing secondary sedimentation, wherein the iron-containing excess sludge is subjected to gravity sedimentation and concentration;
step 3): preheating the concentrated sludge, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction; the release amount of sludge organic matters after hydrothermal pretreatment is increased, compared with the pretreatment of residual sludge in a sewage treatment system without adding zero-valent iron under the same hydrothermal condition, the content of soluble organic matters (SCOD) in hydrothermal solution is increased by 10-35%, the content of dissolved proteins is increased by 10-30%, and the content of soluble sugars is increased by 15-35%.
Step 4): and after the reaction is finished, after the temperature of the hydrothermal mixed solution is reduced, adding the hydrothermal mixed solution into an anaerobic digestion system for high-temperature anaerobic digestion.
Preferably, a sewage biochemical treatment system is adopted, the anaerobic treatment in the step 1) is carried out in an anaerobic tank, the aerobic treatment is carried out in an aerobic tank, the nitrified liquid of the effluent of the aerobic tank flows back to the anaerobic tank for denitrification treatment, the secondary sedimentation in the step 2) is carried out in a secondary sedimentation tank, the gravity sedimentation concentration is carried out in a sludge concentration tank, the preheating in the step 3) is carried out in a preheating reaction tank, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a hydrothermal reaction tank, and the high-temperature anaerobic digestion in the step 4) is carried out in an anaerobic fermentation tank.
Preferably, the zero-valent iron in the step 1) is derived from iron shavings which are industrial scrap iron with a length of 5-10 cm and a spiral bent shape cut by a lathe, and before use, the iron shavings are cleaned and soaked in 0.2M sodium hydroxide to remove oil stains on the surface of the iron shavings.
More preferably, the adding amount of the iron shavings is 20-100 g/L, after the iron shavings are added, the COD degradation rate of the sewage is improved by 15-50%, the total nitrogen removal rate is improved by 25-50%, the antibiotic content in the sludge is reduced by 30-80%, and the enrichment content of the resistance genes is reduced by 5-100 times.
Preferably, the concentration of the sludge after concentration in the step 2) is 15-25 g/L, the iron content of the sludge is 150-300 mg/g TSS, the EPS content of the sludge is reduced by 15-50%, and supernatant generated in the concentration process is discharged to an anaerobic tank.
More preferably, the preheating reaction tank is heated to 60-80 ℃ for 0.5-5 h; the hydrothermal reaction tank is heated to 140-200 ℃ for 60-180 min, and the heating mode adopts steam heating, heat-conducting oil heating or electric heating; the injection amount of the sludge in the preheating reaction tank and the hydrothermal reaction tank is 40-85% of the volume of the reaction tank.
Preferably, after the temperature of the hydrothermal mixed solution in the step 4) is reduced to 50-70 ℃, the hydrothermal mixed solution is mixed with the mixed solution in the anaerobic digestion tank according to the volume ratio of 0.3-2: 1, and then anaerobic digestion reaction is carried out for 10-30 d at the temperature of 55 ℃; after the reaction is finished, the yield of the methane is improved by 20-60%, and the reduction efficiency of the resistance genes is improved by 20-60%. In the figure, the anaerobic tank is returned from the effluent of the secondary sedimentation tank and the sludge concentration tank, and the part of internal reflux is shown
The invention adds zero-valent iron into an activated sludge system to strengthen biological treatment, improves the denitrification efficiency of sewage, reduces the concentration of antibiotics in the system and the enrichment of resistance genes in sludge, reduces the content of extracellular polymers of the sludge, utilizes high-temperature and high-pressure water to thermally treat excess sludge, realizes the reduction of the resistance genes in the sludge, breaks the microbial cell walls in the sludge, releases organic matters, adds hydrothermal solution into a sludge anaerobic digestion system, and the hydrothermal solution containing molten iron with high organic matter content is beneficial to the anaerobic digestion of the sludge to produce methane and further reduces and removes the resistance genes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method can reduce the antibiotic content in a sewage treatment system and the enrichment of resistance genes in the sludge by adding economical and easily-obtained zero-valent iron in the aerobic section of the biochemical treatment, and reduce the antibiotic content in the sludge from the source.
(2) The method utilizes the characteristic that zero-valent iron can reduce the EPS content of sludge, so that the cells of sludge microorganisms in the hydrothermal process are easier to damage, the content of organic matters in hydrothermal solution is increased, and the reduction of resistance genes in the hydrothermal process can be enhanced.
(3) The method utilizes the hot mixed liquid containing the molten iron with high organic content to be added into a sludge high-temperature anaerobic fermentation system, and can synchronously improve the yield of methane and further reduce resistance genes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and resistance gene reduction provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples
A method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and reducing resistance genes comprises the following steps:
(1) adding iron shavings into an aerobic pool in a sewage treatment system, wherein the adding amount of the iron shavings is 50g/L, the COD removal rate of the sewage added with the iron shavings is improved by 30 percent compared with that of a blank group, the total nitrogen removal rate is improved by 25 percent, the removal rate of trace antibiotics such as tetracycline in the sewage is improved by 50 percent, and the enrichment amount of tetracycline resistance genes is reduced by 10 times compared with a system without zero-valent iron;
(2) concentrating the residual sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank to the sludge concentration of 18g/L by a concentration tank, wherein the EPS of the sludge is reduced by 30% compared with that of a blank group;
(3) pumping the concentrated sludge to a preheating reaction tank, and carrying out preheating treatment in a steam heating mode, wherein the preheating temperature is 60 ℃, and the pretreatment time is 2 hours. Injecting the preheated sludge into a high-pressure closed reaction tank, wherein the injection amount of the sludge is 55 percent of the volume of the reaction tank, heating in a steam heating mode in a closed manner until the temperature of the sludge in the tank is 160 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 120 min;
(4) the temperature is reduced to about 55 ℃, after the temperature is reduced, the mixture is mixed with the sludge in the anaerobic digestion tank according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and the mixture is subjected to anaerobic digestion for 20 days at the temperature of 55 ℃, so that the methane yield is improved by 40 percent compared with the direct anaerobic digestion of common activated sludge. The effect of partial ARGs reduction after treatment according to the invention is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the reduction of ARGs anaerobically digested with common activated sludge and anaerobically digested with the present invention
Example 2
A method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and reducing resistance genes comprises the following steps:
(1) iron shavings are added into an aerobic pool in the sewage treatment system, the adding amount of the iron shavings is 70g/L, the COD removal rate of the sewage added with the iron shavings is improved by 32 percent compared with that of a blank group, and the total nitrogen removal rate is improved by 30 percent; the removal rate of trace antibiotics such as sulfonamides in the sewage is improved by 50 percent, and the enrichment amount of the sulfonamide resistance genes is reduced by 20 times compared with a system without zero-valent iron;
(2) concentrating the residual sludge in the secondary sedimentation tank to a sludge concentration of 22g/L through a concentration tank, wherein the EPS of the sludge is reduced by 30% compared with that of a blank group;
(3) pumping the concentrated sludge to a preheating reaction tank, and carrying out preheating treatment in a steam heating mode, wherein the preheating temperature is 70 ℃, and the pretreatment time is 3 hours. Injecting the treated sludge into a high-pressure closed reaction tank, wherein the injection amount of the sludge is 55 percent of the volume of the reaction tank, heating in a steam heating mode in a closed manner until the temperature of the sludge in the tank is 150 ℃, and keeping for 180 min;
(4) and (3) cooling to below 60 ℃, mixing the cooled hydrothermal mixed liquor with sludge in an anaerobic digestion tank in a volume ratio of 0.5:1, and then sending the mixture to anaerobic fermentation for anaerobic digestion for 15 days at 55 ℃, wherein the methane yield is improved by 35% compared with that of the conventional activated sludge directly subjected to anaerobic digestion. The effect of partial ARGs reduction after treatment according to the invention is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the reduction of ARGs anaerobically digested with common activated sludge and anaerobically digested with the present invention
Claims (7)
1. A method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and reducing resistance genes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1): after the sewage is subjected to anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment is carried out under the action of zero-valent iron, and the sewage reacts under the aeration condition, so that the treatment efficiency of the sewage is improved, the content of antibiotics in a system is reduced, the enrichment amount of resistance genes is reduced, and the EPS content of sludge is reduced;
step 2): secondly, performing secondary sedimentation, wherein the iron-containing excess sludge is subjected to gravity sedimentation and concentration;
step 3): preheating the concentrated sludge, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction;
step 4): and after the reaction is finished, after the temperature of the hydrothermal mixed solution is reduced, adding the hydrothermal mixed solution into an anaerobic digestion system for high-temperature anaerobic digestion.
2. The method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis and resistance gene reduction of sludge according to claim 1, wherein a sewage biochemical treatment system is adopted, the anaerobic treatment in the step 1) is carried out in an anaerobic tank, the aerobic treatment is carried out in an aerobic tank, the nitrified liquid of the effluent of the aerobic tank flows back to the anaerobic tank for denitrification and denitrification treatment, the secondary sedimentation in the step 2) is carried out in a secondary sedimentation tank, the gravity sedimentation concentration is carried out in a sludge concentration tank, the preheating in the step 3) is carried out in a preheating reaction tank, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a hydrothermal reaction tank, and the high-temperature anaerobic digestion in the step 4) is carried out in an anaerobic fermentation tank.
3. The method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis of sludge and gene reduction of resistance according to claim 1, wherein the zero-valent iron in step 1) is derived from iron shavings which are industrial scrap iron with a length of 5-10 cm and a spiral bending shape, and the iron shavings are cleaned and soaked in 0.2M sodium hydroxide to remove oil stains on the surface before use.
4. The method for synchronously improving anaerobic sludge methanogenesis and resistance gene reduction according to claim 3, wherein the adding amount of the iron shavings is 20-100 g/L, after the iron shavings are added, the COD degradation rate of the sewage is improved by 15-50%, the total nitrogen removal rate is improved by 25-50%, the antibiotic content in the sludge is reduced by 30-80%, and the enrichment content of the resistance genes is reduced by 5-100 times.
5. The method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis and resistance gene reduction of sludge according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the sludge after concentration in the step 2) is 15-25 g/L, the iron content of the sludge is 150-300 mg/g TSS, the EPS of the sludge is reduced by 15-50%, and the supernatant generated in the concentration process is discharged to an anaerobic tank.
6. The method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis and resistance gene reduction of sludge according to claim 2, wherein the preheating reaction tank is heated to 60-80 ℃ for 0.5-5 h; the hydrothermal reaction tank is heated to 140-200 ℃ for 60-180 min, and the heating mode adopts steam heating, heat-conducting oil heating or electric heating; the injection amount of the sludge in the preheating reaction tank and the hydrothermal reaction tank is 40-85% of the volume of the reaction tank.
7. The method for synchronously improving anaerobic methanogenesis and resistance gene reduction of sludge according to claim 2, wherein the hydrothermal mixed solution in the step 4) is cooled to 50-70 ℃, mixed with the mixed solution in the anaerobic fermentation tank according to a volume ratio of 0.3-2: 1, and subjected to anaerobic digestion reaction for 10-30 d at 55 ℃; after the reaction is finished, the yield of the methane is improved by 20-60%, and the reduction efficiency of the resistance genes is improved by 20-60%.
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| US10519043B2 (en) * | 2017-06-01 | 2019-12-31 | Xi'an Jiaotong University | Control system for decreasing pressure of supercritical water system and method thereof |
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| JP2006034141A (en) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-02-09 | Hiroshima Univ | Improvement of bacterium with highly accumulated polyphosphoric acid and use of the bacterium |
| CN103771671A (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-05-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Excess sludge treatment method |
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