CN109277705B - Laser cutting method and laser cutting device for keeping consistent depth of cut - Google Patents
Laser cutting method and laser cutting device for keeping consistent depth of cut Download PDFInfo
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- CN109277705B CN109277705B CN201811232376.XA CN201811232376A CN109277705B CN 109277705 B CN109277705 B CN 109277705B CN 201811232376 A CN201811232376 A CN 201811232376A CN 109277705 B CN109277705 B CN 109277705B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of laser cutting, and particularly relates to a laser cutting method and a laser cutting device for keeping consistent cutting depth. The laser cutting method for keeping the depth of the kerf consistent comprises the following steps: horizontally rotating a laser beam emitted by a laser by a preset angle to enable the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam to be consistent with a coordinate axis; under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is correspondingly adjusted according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system, so that the cutting energy density is uniform. The laser cutting method for keeping the depth of the cutting seam consistent is suitable for various lasers with poor light spots and various laser cutting processes with extremely high requirements on the uniformity of the depth of the cutting seam in all directions, the energy density of laser cutting is changed by changing the cutting speed, the cutting energy density is uniform, the cutting quality and efficiency are improved, and the cutting cost can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser cutting, and particularly relates to a laser cutting method and a laser cutting device for keeping consistent cutting depth.
Background
In the field of CNC cutting of a traditional machine tool, the width and the depth of a cut are determined by a cutter, and the cutter rotates at a high speed, so that the width and the depth of the cut of a cut material can be ensured to be consistent in any direction. However, this is not the case in the field of laser marking or laser cutting, and a CO2 laser cutter will be described as an example.
In the field of CO2 laser cutting, the laser has the thinnest beam diameter (with the largest energy density) at the focus after being focused, and generally needs to be cut at the focus, and the cutting effect is represented by the kerf width and the kerf depth, and generally comprises marking and cutting according to different depths.
Because the industrial laser is influenced by factors such as power size, power fluctuation, service life, manufacturing process and the like, light beams generated by the laser are basically not uniformly distributed in energy, energy densities in different directions are different, and a method for making a certain laser beam hit on thermal paper is given as an example:
the effect of the light spots on the thermal paper is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, wherein fig. 1 shows the light spots at the light outlet of the laser, and fig. 2 shows the light spots at the focus after focusing. By contrast, the laser beam is completely different from the tool shape of the CNC machine, and the laser beam cannot be rotated at high speed like the CNC tool. It can also be seen from the spot at the focus of the good spot pattern (see fig. 2) that the spot at the focus of the laser can only be approximately circular, not the standard circle. This results in the laser cutting the transverse and longitudinal slits with different widths (not necessarily transverse and longitudinal in practice) at the same power, and in the transverse and longitudinal slits with different depths, which is especially true in precision marking/cutting of multi-layer materials. This problem is illustrated in practical applications as follows:
as shown in fig. 3 and 5, a coordinate system of a regular hexadecimal shape and a marking direction is marked on the cut material 3 using a galvanometer scanning laser marker. Cutting the hexadecimal shape requires that material one 31 be cut completely through, but not through material two 32, leaving only a cut on material two 32. The cross hair needs to cut through the first material 31 and the second material 32, but does not allow the third material 33 to be cut through, and allows a cutting mark to be left on the third material 33. At this time, whether the cutting depth is uniform can be seen by observing the cutting trace on the second material 32.
Actual cutting marks as shown in fig. 6, it can be seen that the cutting marks on the second actual material 32 are not uniform and are not oriented parallel or perpendicular to the coordinate system. This means that the hexadecimal shape of the first material 31 is not cut uniformly, and burrs are generated at the places with weak energy, so that the cutting quality is not high.
If a machine with uniform kerf depth in all directions needs to be obtained, the current feasible method is to perform special modulation or batch selection on the laser and select the laser with excellent light spot mode. This can be costly and subject to uncertainties, for example, good mode lasers may have poor stability or lifetime, or a large batch of lasers may not be able to pick a laser that meets high standards.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the laser cutting method and the laser cutting device for keeping consistent cutting depth are provided aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the problems of poor cutting quality caused by inconsistent cutting depth and high cost, instability and the like caused by selecting a laser with good light spot in the existing laser cutting are solved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a laser cutting method for keeping consistent depth of a cutting seam, which comprises the following steps:
a, horizontally rotating a laser beam emitted by a laser by a preset angle to enable the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam to be consistent with a coordinate axis;
and step B, correspondingly adjusting the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, so that the cutting energy density is uniform.
The laser cutting method for keeping the depth of the kerf consistent, wherein the step A of horizontally rotating the laser beam emitted by the laser by a preset angle comprises the following steps:
and step A1, presetting an installation angle, installing the laser on the laser installation plate in an inclined way relative to the horizontal plane, and enabling the laser beam emitted by the laser to horizontally rotate.
The laser cutting method in which the kerf depths are kept uniform, wherein the step a1 includes: the laser is obliquely arranged on the laser mounting plate relative to the horizontal plane through the angle-adjustable fixing structure.
The laser cutting method with the consistent lancing depth is characterized in that the preset range of the installation angle in the step A1 is 0-45 degrees.
The laser cutting method with the consistent kerf depth is maintained, wherein the step B comprises the following steps:
step B1: controlling and adjusting the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system of the laser in the step A;
step B2: and calibrating the cutting stroke of the laser according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step B1, so that the actual cutting stroke of the laser is consistent with the initial cutting stroke.
The laser cutting method in which the kerf depths are kept uniform, wherein the step B1 includes:
step B11: and increasing a scaling coefficient of the cutting time, and controlling the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
The laser cutting method with the consistent kerf depth is maintained, wherein in the step B11: the value range of the proportional coefficient of the cutting time is 0.1-2.
The laser cutting method in which the kerf depths are kept uniform, wherein the step B2 includes:
step B21: and B1, changing the movement speed of the X lens and/or the Y lens in the scanning galvanometer according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step B1 so as to achieve the effect of compensating the cutting stroke.
The laser cutting method in which the kerf depths are kept uniform, wherein the step B2 includes:
step B22: and B1, changing the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the X-axis direction and/or the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the Y-axis direction according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step B1, so as to achieve the effect of compensating the cutting stroke.
The invention also provides a laser cutting device, which comprises a laser, an energy distribution adjusting module and a cutting speed adjusting module, wherein,
a laser: a laser for providing cutting;
an energy distribution adjusting module: the laser device is used for horizontally rotating a laser beam emitted by the laser device by a preset angle to enable the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam to be consistent with the coordinate axis;
cutting speed adjusting module: under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, the laser cutting speed in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is adjusted according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system, so that the cutting energy density is uniform.
Compared with the prior art, the laser beam horizontal rotation cutting device has the advantages that the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam is consistent with the coordinate axis through the horizontal rotation of the laser beam; under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is correspondingly adjusted according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system, so that the cutting energy density is uniform. The laser cutting method for keeping the depth of the cutting seam consistent is suitable for various lasers with poor light spots and various laser cutting processes with extremely high requirements on the uniformity of the depth of the cutting seam in all directions, the energy density of laser cutting is changed by changing the cutting speed, the cutting energy density is uniform, the cutting quality and efficiency are improved, and the cutting cost can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the effect of light spots at a light outlet of a laser;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of a light spot at a focal point after the laser is focused;
FIG. 3 is a basic structure of a laser marking machine;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the laser marking machine of the present invention after adjustment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cut material configuration;
FIG. 6 is an effect diagram of an original cutting trace;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a laser cutting method of the present invention with consistent kerf depth;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the actual cutting effect of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a view showing the effect of the cutting trace after the installation angle is adjusted;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart detailing step 200 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the cut time customization of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the scanning galvanometer calibration of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of the cutting speed adjustment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention provides a laser cutting method and a laser cutting device with consistent cutting depth, and in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a flowchart of a laser cutting method with consistent kerf depths according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. A method of laser cutting with consistent kerf depth as shown in fig. 7 comprising:
s100, horizontally rotating a laser beam emitted by a laser by a preset angle to enable the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam to be consistent with a coordinate axis;
and S200, correspondingly adjusting the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on a coordinate system under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, so that the cutting energy density is uniform.
The invention discloses a laser cutting method for keeping consistent kerf depth, which is a method for improving cutting energy distribution in the cutting process of a laser. When the laser cutting machine is used for cutting, the cutting depth and the cutting width are effectively shown, and the laser cutting machine is generally divided into marking and cutting according to different depths, so that the laser cutting method for keeping the cutting depth consistent is also suitable for laser marking, and the marking depth is kept consistent. According to the invention, by horizontally rotating the laser beam, the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam is consistent with the coordinate axis; under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is correspondingly adjusted according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system, so that the cutting energy density is uniform. The cutting effect improved by the laser cutting method with the consistent kerf depth is shown in fig. 8, the laser cutting method with the consistent kerf depth is suitable for various lasers with poor light spots and various laser cutting processes with extremely high requirements on kerf depth uniformity in all directions, the cutting energy is changed by changing the cutting speed, the cutting energy density is uniform, the cutting quality and efficiency are improved, and the cutting cost can be effectively reduced.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the coordinate axis and the coordinate system are both based on a laser, and by horizontally rotating the laser beam, the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam can be made to be consistent with the coordinate axis, that is, the energy density for cutting along the X-axis direction is greater than the energy density for cutting along the Y-axis direction, or the energy density for cutting along the Y-axis direction is greater than the energy density for cutting along the X-axis direction. At present, marking tracks of a laser are controlled by software, when the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of a laser beam is not parallel or perpendicular to the movement direction of an X axis or a Y axis of a cutting coordinate system, the parameter setting for adjusting the cutting speed is very complicated, a large amount of time is needed for editing, and errors are easy to occur. Through the arrangement, the difficulty of subsequently adjusting the cutting speed can be effectively reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Further, in this embodiment, the step S100 of horizontally rotating the laser beam emitted by the laser by a predetermined angle includes the steps of:
and S101, presetting an installation angle, installing the laser on the laser installation plate in an inclined way relative to a horizontal plane, and enabling the laser beam emitted by the laser to horizontally rotate.
The laser is installed on the laser installation plate in an inclined mode relative to the horizontal plane, namely the laser beam emitted by the laser is equivalent to horizontal rotation, and therefore the installation is simple and fast.
Further, in this embodiment, the step S101 further includes the steps of: the laser is obliquely arranged on the laser mounting plate relative to the horizontal plane through the angle-adjustable fixing structure.
The laser is fixed on the laser mounting plate by adding the fixing structure with the adjustable angle, so that the convenience of adjustment can be further improved. In real-world production, due to various processing and assembly deviations, the lasers produced in the same batch have inconsistent light spots (different cutting energy distributions), that is, the rotation angle required to be adjusted for each laser may be different. The laser device fixing structure has the advantages that the angle-adjustable fixing structure is additionally arranged, so that the laser device fixing structure can be used for adjusting light beams of the laser device and fixing the laser device, and the universality and convenience of the device are effectively improved. For example, the adjustable fixed knot constructs can be that laser instrument and laser instrument mounting panel are connected for rotating, and the junction uses the bolt fastening, through rotatory bolt, and the elasticity degree of the junction of adjustable laser instrument and laser instrument mounting panel can realize fixing and loosen rotation regulation's function. Of course, the adjustable fixing structure here may also be a jack-post movably disposed on the laser mounting plate, and the jack-post jacks up one side of the laser to rotate the laser, so as to achieve the function of adjusting the angle by moving the jack-post.
Furthermore, in this embodiment, the predetermined range of the installation angle in the step S101 is 0 to 45 °. When the laser cuts, the energy intensity distribution has certain directivity and is mutually vertical, and when the energy intensity distribution is as shown in figure 6, the distribution of the laser beam cutting energy can be realized corresponding to the coordinate axis only by rotating anticlockwise by less than 45 degrees. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the distribution of the cutting energy of the laser beam corresponds to the coordinate axis, and is not limited to the fact that the energy density of the cutting along the X-axis direction is greater than the energy density of the cutting along the Y-axis direction, but also includes the fact that the energy density of the cutting along the Y-axis direction is greater than the energy density of the cutting along the X-axis direction. Therefore, the preset range of the installation angle is 0-45 degrees, which can meet the adjustment requirements of all lasers, and the energy density distribution after adjustment is shown in fig. 9.
Further, as shown in fig. 10, in this embodiment, the step S200 further includes the steps of:
step S210, controlling and adjusting the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser in the step S100 on the coordinate system of the laser;
step S220: and calibrating the cutting stroke of the laser according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step S210, so that the actual cutting stroke of the laser is consistent with the initial cutting stroke.
Under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is changed and adjusted according to the distribution of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system of the laser in the step S100. Because the cutting strokes are consistent, the cutting speed can be changed by changing the cutting time, and the purpose of changing the cutting energy density is achieved. In daily production operation, the cutting time of the laser can be adjusted according to actual conditions. For example, the laser has a weak energy density for cutting in the X-axis direction, and cannot cut a workpiece, and the laser has a strong energy density for cutting in the Y-axis direction, and can cut a workpiece by increasing the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and reducing the cutting speed in the X-axis direction, so that the cutting energy density is uniform; if the laser has a weak energy density in the X-axis direction, and cannot cut the workpiece, and the laser has a weak energy density in the Y-axis direction, and cannot cut the workpiece, the adjustment can be completed by increasing the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction and reducing the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. Certainly, the laser instrument is too strong at X axle direction cutting energy density, causes the energy waste after accomplishing the work piece cutting, and Y axle direction cutting energy density is just, can accomplish under the circumstances of cutting to the work piece, only needs to reduce the cutting time of laser instrument in the X axle direction, improves the cutting speed of X axle direction, makes cutting energy density even when can accomplishing the cutting, promotes the cutting effect, reduces cutting cost.
Further, in this embodiment, the step S210 further includes the steps of:
step S211: and increasing a scaling coefficient of the cutting time, and controlling the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
According to the energy intensity distribution of the laser beam on the coordinate system in step S100, a scaling factor of the cutting time is added, i.e. the ratio of the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction to the cutting time of the laser in the Y-axis direction is equal to the scaling factor. By defining the ratio of the cutting time (scaling factor of the cutting time), the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction can be defined, so that the cutting energy density is uniform.
Further, the step S210 further includes the steps of:
step S212: and through software setting, the cutting pattern displayed on the software interface is kept consistent with the initial preset cutting pattern.
In step S211, after a scaling factor of the cutting time is increased, since the operating speed of the laser is not changed, the cut track is different from the preset track, and the cutting track displayed on the software interface is consistent with the actual cutting track. The cutting pattern displayed on the software interface is consistent with the initial preset cutting pattern through software setting, and a user can operate the cutting pattern conveniently. Meanwhile, processing errors caused by inconsistency between the initial preset cutting pattern and the cutting pattern displayed on the software interface can be prevented, and the working efficiency is effectively improved.
Further, in this embodiment, in the step S220: the value range of the proportional coefficient of the cutting time is 0.1-2.
In the embodiment, the range of the proportional coefficient of the cutting time is 0.1-2, and the actual cutting requirement can be completely met. It should be noted that the range of the scaling factor of the cutting time is not limited to 0.1-2, and a user can narrow or expand the value range according to design habits.
Further, in this embodiment, the step S220 further includes the steps of:
step S221: and changing the movement speed of the X lens and/or the Y lens in the scanning galvanometer according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step S210 so as to achieve the effect of compensating the cutting stroke.
The speed of laser cutting can be changed by changing the movement speed (rotation speed) of the X lens and/or the Y lens in the scanning galvanometer, and the cutting speed can be changed by matching with the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step S210 under the condition that the cutting stroke is kept unchanged, so that the cutting energy density is uniformly distributed. In this embodiment, the speed of the X lens and the Y lens can be adjusted by adjusting the corresponding driving motors to adjust the rotation speed of the X lens or the Y lens; alternatively, the size of the transmission shaft on the X-lens or the Y-lens can be adjusted to achieve the effect of changing and adjusting the rotation speed of the X-lens or the Y-lens.
Example two
The general steps in this embodiment are the same as in the first embodiment, except that: the step S200 further includes the steps of:
step S222: and changing the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the X-axis direction and/or the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the Y-axis direction according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step S210 so as to achieve the effect of compensating the cutting stroke.
In this embodiment, the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and the cutting speed of the laser in the Y-axis direction are changed by changing the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the X-axis direction and/or the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the Y-axis direction, and the cutting speed is changed while the cutting stroke is kept unchanged by matching the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the cutting time in the Y-axis direction in step S210, so that the cutting energy density is uniformly distributed.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the present invention also provides a laser cutting apparatus, comprising a laser 1, an energy distribution adjusting module, and a cutting speed adjusting module 2, wherein,
the laser 1: a laser for providing cutting;
an energy distribution adjusting module: the laser device is used for horizontally rotating a laser beam emitted by the laser device by a preset angle to enable the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam to be consistent with the coordinate axis;
cutting speed adjusting module 2: under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, the laser cutting speed in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is adjusted according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system, so that the cutting energy density is uniform.
The cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam can be consistent with the coordinate axis through the energy distribution adjusting module, and then the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is adjusted through the cutting speed adjusting module, so that the cutting energy density is uniform, and meanwhile, the stroke is ensured to be unchanged. The laser cutting device can achieve the effect of changing the cutting energy density by changing the cutting speed of the laser under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, is simple to operate, is suitable for lasers with light spots of various types, and has high universality and good cutting effect.
Step S200 of the present invention will now be described in detail for better understanding of the present invention.
In order to solve the problem of uneven energy density, the marking control software needs to be upgraded and customized in function, a scaling factor for adjusting the cutting time behind a screen is added, and the cutting time of a laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is controlled. Because the cutting speeds in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction are the same when the laser cuts, after the cutting speed is changed, the transverse and vertical deformation of a cutting pattern XY is adjusted equivalently behind the screen, and the coefficient range is only 0.1-2.
The upgrading customization principle is shown in fig. 11, in this embodiment, the outer frame square is the marking pattern, which is only used for illustration and does not limit the applicable cutting track or pattern of the present invention. Through the upgrading and customizing of the software function, when the coefficient is 0.5, the marked graph is a rectangle (such as the lower right corner of the graph), at this time, because the vertical line is twice as long as the horizontal line, the time for cutting the horizontal line is half of that of the vertical line, and the cut graph is a graph with distorted proportion. By observing the graph, the line width and the kerf depth of the horizontal and vertical line cutting are not changed.
Next, we need to restore the vertical and horizontal proportion of the graph itself to get undistorted cutting graph. At this time, we cannot perform inverse transformation processing on the graphics on the cut control software because such processing is meaningless. We need to deal with the components that control the laser cutting speed in the X-axis as well as the Y-axis. In the scheme, a galvanometer type cutting machine is taken as an example, so that the XY galvanometers are mainly subjected to size calibration, and the rotating speed of a driving motor or the size of a transmission shaft is mainly adjusted. Here, the movement of the X-galvanometer determines the length of the vertical lines in the pattern, and the movement of the Y-galvanometer determines the length of the horizontal lines in the pattern. The dimension calibration of the XY galvanometer needs to be intentionally distorted, for example, the actual stroke of the X-axis galvanometer needs to be reduced by half. At this time, we see that if a square is required to be calibrated during calibration, the actual marked rectangle has the calibration effect as shown in fig. 12:
through the modification of the two steps, when the user enters the interface of the control software again, the user marks/cuts a square, so that the user obtains the square, and the user observes that the cutting depth of the horizontal line and the vertical line of the square is obviously different, so that the effect required to be obtained by the user is achieved. In practical applications, it is generally not necessary to adjust the coefficient to be as small as 0.5. Therefore, the cutting depth in different directions in laser marking/cutting can be very uniform by accurately adjusting the proportional coefficient of the cutting time and the calibration parameters of the XY galvanometer.
The principle of the solution is to compensate the depth error of the cutting seam by changing the moving speed of the galvanometer. When the kerf is wider, the kerf can be shallower because the laser needs to vaporize more material, but if the laser marking/cutting speed is reduced, the kerf depth can be increased, and the purpose of consistent kerf depth is achieved.
For a better understanding of the principle of the present solution, please refer to fig. 13, which includes the following contents:
in step 1, a square to be marked/cut is preset at 100 × 100mm, and the time taken for each side is 1S. In the step 2, the software tells the XY galvanometer that the transverse line moves for 0.5S, and the vertical line moves for 1S. In step 3, the XY galvanometer receives a command to move the transverse line for 0.5S and the vertical line for 1S, but for the galvanometer, the actual movement distance of the transverse line for 0.5S is 100mm, and the movement distance of the vertical line for 1S is also 100 mm. As a result, the actual length of the horizontal line was also 100mm, but the energy density output per unit time was halved, so the depth of the horizontal line cut was about half of that of the vertical line.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser cutting method for keeping the depth of a kerf consistent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a, horizontally rotating a laser beam emitted by a laser by a preset angle to enable the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam to be consistent with a coordinate axis;
and step B, correspondingly adjusting the cutting speed of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, so that the cutting energy density is uniform.
2. The laser cutting method of claim 1, wherein the step a of horizontally rotating the laser beam emitted from the laser by a predetermined angle comprises the steps of:
and step A1, presetting an installation angle, installing the laser on the laser installation plate in an inclined way relative to the horizontal plane, and enabling the laser beam emitted by the laser to horizontally rotate.
3. The method of laser cutting with consistent kerf depths of claim 2, wherein step a1 comprises: the laser is obliquely arranged on the laser mounting plate relative to the horizontal plane through the angle-adjustable fixing structure.
4. The laser cutting method with the consistent lancing depth according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined range of the installation angle in the step a1 is 0-45 °.
5. The laser cutting method with consistent kerf depth as set forth in claim 1, wherein step B comprises:
step B1: controlling and adjusting the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system of the laser in the step A;
step B2: and calibrating the cutting stroke of the laser according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step B1, so that the actual cutting stroke of the laser is consistent with the initial cutting stroke.
6. The method of laser cutting with consistent kerf depths of claim 5, wherein step B1 comprises:
step B11: and increasing a scaling coefficient of the cutting time, and controlling the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.
7. The laser cutting method with consistent kerf depth of claim 6, wherein in step B11:
the value range of the proportional coefficient of the cutting time is 0.1-2.
8. The method of laser cutting with consistent kerf depths of claim 5, wherein step B2 comprises:
step B21: and B1, changing the movement speed of the X lens and/or the Y lens in the scanning galvanometer according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step B1 so as to achieve the effect of compensating the cutting stroke.
9. The method of laser cutting with consistent kerf depths of claim 5, wherein step B2 comprises:
step B22: and B1, changing the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the X-axis direction and/or the movement speed of the XY linear motion platform in the Y-axis direction according to the cutting time of the laser in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction in the step B1, so as to achieve the effect of compensating the cutting stroke.
10. A laser cutting device is characterized by comprising a laser, an energy distribution adjusting module and a cutting speed adjusting module, wherein,
a laser: a laser for providing cutting;
an energy distribution adjusting module: the laser device is used for horizontally rotating a laser beam emitted by the laser device by a preset angle to enable the cutting energy intensity distribution direction of the laser beam to be consistent with the coordinate axis;
cutting speed adjusting module: under the condition of ensuring that the cutting stroke is not changed, the laser cutting speed in the X-axis direction and/or the Y-axis direction is adjusted according to the distribution condition of the cutting energy of the laser on the coordinate system, so that the cutting energy density is uniform.
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