CN109274271B - Two-stage isolation type DC three-port converter and hybrid energy storage control method thereof - Google Patents

Two-stage isolation type DC three-port converter and hybrid energy storage control method thereof Download PDF

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CN109274271B
CN109274271B CN201811202329.0A CN201811202329A CN109274271B CN 109274271 B CN109274271 B CN 109274271B CN 201811202329 A CN201811202329 A CN 201811202329A CN 109274271 B CN109274271 B CN 109274271B
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current
energy storage
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hybrid energy
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CN109274271A (en
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王盼宝
张临志
郝鑫
孙红梅
黄蕊
王卫
徐殿国
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/102Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14Balancing the load in a network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582Buck-boost converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/106Parallel operation of dc sources for load balancing, symmetrisation, or sharing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a two-stage isolated three-port converter and a hybrid energy storage control method thereof, wherein the converter comprises a Buck-Boost circuit (1), an interleaved parallel circuit (2), a super capacitor (6), a storage battery (7), a bidirectional active bridge circuit (3) and a load resistor (4). The method realizes reasonable distribution of power of the front-stage hybrid energy storage device and constant-voltage droop control of the rear-stage load side through a two-stage structure on the basis of a phase-shift and duty ratio modulation mode. According to the control method, the low-voltage side super capacitor (6) can respond to transient power and the storage battery (7) can respond to steady-state power under the condition that power mutation and fluctuation exist in a load in the system, and meanwhile, the constant-voltage droop control of the rear-stage high-voltage side can allow a direct-current hybrid energy storage system formed by a plurality of three-port converters of the type to run in parallel and in balance.

Description

Two-stage isolation type DC three-port converter and hybrid energy storage control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of converters, in particular to a two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter and a hybrid energy storage control method thereof.
Background
The power fluctuation caused by sudden load change, switching and intermittent energy in the direct current power system can generate flicker and drop of direct current supply voltage, and further threatens the stability of the system. In view of the above problems, a certain number of energy storage devices may be configured in the dc power system to provide energy buffering for the system. The storage battery and the super capacitor have the characteristics of large capacity density and large power density respectively, and the hybrid energy storage system formed by combining the characteristics of the storage battery and the super capacitor can realize advantage complementation, so that the hybrid energy storage system is widely researched in application in a direct-current distributed power generation system.
In terms of dc hybrid energy storage interface converters, researchers have proposed using multi-port converters as hybrid energy storage system interface converters. Compared with the traditional independent interface converter, the multi-port converter has great advantages in the aspects of reducing power devices, reducing energy conversion links and the like. The multi-port converter can be divided into three types, namely a non-isolated type, a partial isolated type and a full isolated type, and compared with the traditional Buck/Boost converter, the multi-port direct current converter with the high-frequency chain has high voltage transformation ratio, when the direct current bus voltage is higher, the energy storage devices do not need to be connected in series too much, the unbalanced influence of the energy storage devices connected in series is reduced, meanwhile, the redundancy degree of the system is favorably improved, the modularization of a mixed energy storage unit is realized, the reliability of the system is improved, and the maintenance difficulty of the system is reduced.
When the hybrid energy storage is applied to a direct current system, in order to embody respective advantages of energy storage elements in the hybrid energy storage, a reasonable power stabilizing target is formulated according to the characteristics of the two, a high-energy-density energy storage device bears long-term energy buffering in the system, and a high-power-density energy storage device bears transient fluctuation and impact caused by renewable energy or load in the system. Meanwhile, the residual electric quantity of the hybrid energy storage device and the residual electric quantity of the hybrid energy storage device are reasonably estimated on line, and the power or the capacity of the hybrid energy storage device is prevented from exceeding the limit. The existing hybrid energy storage power distribution scheme mainly comprises a filtering method, a target planning method, an optimization control method, an intelligent control method and the like, but the methods are mostly applied to independent converters.
Aiming at the limitations of the interface converter and the control method of the traditional direct current hybrid energy storage system, the invention provides a hybrid energy storage control method aiming at a three-port converter by taking a two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter as an object. The hybrid energy storage three-port converter has the advantages that the hybrid energy storage side and the direct current bus voltage side are electrically isolated under the condition that the switching tube is multiplexed, and the power density and the boost ratio of a system are high. Secondly, the interleaved parallel structure in the converter can further reduce the current ripple on the storage battery side. The hybrid energy storage control method provided by the invention aims at the hybrid energy storage converter and adopts a two-stage structure, and on the basis of a phase-shifting and duty ratio debugging mode, the independent design and decoupling control of the front-stage hybrid energy storage control and the rear-stage constant-voltage droop control can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter and a hybrid energy storage control method thereof aiming at the defects of the prior art, and provides the following technical scheme in order to solve the problem of limitation of the interface converter and the control method of the prior direct current hybrid energy storage system:
a two-stage isolation type DC three-port converter is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the system comprises a Buck-Boost circuit 1, a staggered parallel circuit 2, a super capacitor 6, a storage battery 7, a bidirectional active bridge circuit 3 and a load resistor 4;
the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter is provided with a low-voltage direct current bus and a high-voltage bus, the low-voltage direct current bus is arranged on the low-voltage hybrid energy storage side of the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter, and the storage battery 7 and the super capacitor 6 are connected in parallel on the low-voltage direct current bus through the Buck-Boost circuit 1;
the high-voltage direct-current bus is arranged on the high-voltage load side of the two-stage isolation type direct-current three-port converter, a bidirectional active bridge circuit 3 is adopted for power transmission between the high-voltage bus and the low-voltage bus, and the load resistor 4 is connected on the high-voltage direct-current bus in parallel.
A hybrid energy storage control method of a two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the low-voltage side of the front stage adopts a hybrid energy storage power distribution control method to control a storage battery 7 and a super capacitor 6 by using a voltage-current closed-loop PI controller 5;
storage produced by dispensingBattery 7 side switch tube duty ratio control quantity D1And the control quantity D of the duty ratio of a switching tube at the 6 side of the super capacitor2Performing power distribution on two energy storage elements of the storage battery 7 and the super capacitor 6;
step two: the load resistor 4 is adjusted and controlled by adopting constant voltage droop at the rear-stage high-voltage side, the generated phase shift angle phi is adjusted by utilizing a voltage-current double closed loop, and the constant voltage droop is adjusted and controlled by the phase shift angle phi;
step three: and (3) adding direct current droop control into the high-voltage bus voltage-current closed-loop PI controller 5 at the back level to realize hybrid energy storage parallel operation and power balance distribution at the side of the storage battery 7, the side of the super capacitor 6 and the side of the load.
Preferably, the duty ratio D of the switch tube at the side of the storage battery 71The duty ratio D of a switching tube at the side of the super capacitor 6 is determined by the output quantity of a voltage-current closed loop PI controller 5 at the side of the storage battery after passing through an amplitude limiter2The output quantity of the super capacitor side voltage-current closed loop PI controller 5 after the amplitude limiter is determined.
Preferably, the voltage-current closed loop PI controller 5 sets an initial value v by collecting the voltage of a low-side direct-current bus* refAnd current sampling values of the sides of the storage battery 7 and the super capacitor 6 are obtained through the following formula to form a new output voltage reference value v of the ends of the storage battery 7 and the super capacitor 6BA_refAnd vSC_ref
Figure BDA0001830302190000021
Figure BDA0001830302190000022
In the frequency domain, the above two equations can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001830302190000031
Figure BDA0001830302190000032
wherein C isvFor the power regulation factor of the supercapacitor, LvFor regulating the power of the accumulator, iBAFor sampling the current on the battery 7 side, iSCThe sampled value of the current on the side of the super capacitor 6 is obtained.
Preferably, virtual impedances in the formulas (1) and (2) are used for forming long-time-scale power fluctuation of a storage battery 7 end response system and transient power fluctuation of a super capacitor 6 end response system, so that the hybrid energy storage distribution method is formed.
Preferably, the rear-stage constant-voltage droop control consists of constant-voltage control and direct-current droop control, and the constant-voltage control acquires the voltage v of a direct-current bus on the high-voltage sideoDirect current droop control acquisition output current io
Preferably, the power transmission direction and magnitude between the high-voltage bus and the low-voltage bus are controlled by a phase shift angle phi.
The invention also has the following beneficial effects:
the output current of the super capacitor end can quickly compensate the transient current of the load, the output current of the storage battery end slowly changes until the output current is matched with the power of the load, and the two-stage hybrid energy storage control of the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter can be effectively realized.
The invention can enable the super capacitor at the low-voltage side to respond to transient power and the storage battery to respond to steady-state power under the condition that the load in the system has power mutation and fluctuation, and meanwhile, the constant voltage droop control at the rear-stage high-voltage side can allow a direct-current hybrid energy storage system formed by a plurality of three-port converters of the type to run in parallel and in balance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a hybrid energy storage control method of a two-stage isolated dc three-port converter.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage isolated dc three-port converter.
Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of a pre-stage hybrid energy storage power distribution method.
Fig. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the output current of each port of the two-stage isolated dc three-port converter.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of simulation results of parallel operation of two hybrid energy storage three ports under the later-stage constant-voltage droop control.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage control method of a two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter, which is shown in the attached drawing 1 and comprises a front-stage hybrid energy storage control, a rear-stage constant voltage droop control and a phase-shifting and duty ratio control aiming at the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter.
Specific example 1:
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a two-stage isolated dc three-port converter, where the two-stage isolated dc three-port converter hybrid energy storage system includes: the device comprises a Buck-Boost circuit 1, an interleaved parallel circuit 2, a super capacitor 6, a storage battery 7, a bidirectional active bridge circuit 3 and a load resistor 4.
The two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter constructs a low-voltage direct current bus and a high-voltage bus, the low-voltage direct current bus is arranged on the low-voltage hybrid energy storage side of the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter, and the storage battery 7 and the super capacitor 6 are connected in parallel on the low-voltage direct current bus through the Buck-Boost circuit 1;
the high-voltage direct-current bus is arranged on the high-voltage load side of the two-stage isolation type direct-current three-port converter, a bidirectional active bridge circuit 3 is adopted for power transmission between the high-voltage buses, and the load resistor 4 is connected on the high-voltage direct-current bus side in parallel.
Specific example 2:
the figure of a mixed energy storage control method of a two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter is shown as figure 1, and the method consists of front-stage mixed energy storage control, rear-stage constant voltage droop control and phase-shift duty ratio control aiming at the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter.
v* oSetting an initial value, v, for the high side DC bus voltageoFor sampling the DC bus voltage on the high-voltage side, vo_refThe voltage set value of the high-voltage side direct-current bus is regulated through droop control.
High-voltage side straightThe method for distributing the pre-stage hybrid energy storage power of the given initial value of the current bus voltage is shown in figure 3, and the current i at the ends of the storage battery 7 and the super capacitor 6 is collectedBA、iSCAnd a low voltage DC bus voltage vCLThe duty ratio control quantity D for controlling the low-voltage side switching tube is obtained after the distribution method and the voltage-current closed-loop PI controller 5 are controlled as shown in figure 31And D2. The voltage-current closed loop PI controller 5 uses a low-voltage side direct-current bus voltage sampling value vCLAnd the set value of the voltage regulating ring after power distribution control. The given value of the voltage regulating ring after power distribution control is obtained by the following formula:
Figure BDA0001830302190000041
Figure BDA0001830302190000042
in the frequency domain, the above two equations can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0001830302190000043
Figure BDA0001830302190000044
wherein v isBA_refAnd vSC_refFor regulating the set values of the voltage regulation loops C on the side of the storage battery 7 and on the side of the supercapacitor 6 after the power distribution control methodvFor the power regulation factor of the supercapacitor, LvFor regulating the coefficient of battery power, v* refGiving an initial value, i, for the low-side DC busBAFor sampling the current on the battery 7 side, iSCThe sampled value of the current on the side of the super capacitor 6 is obtained.
Hybrid energy storage power distribution control method for forming long-time scale power fluctuation of storage battery 7-end response system and transient power fluctuation of super capacitor 6-end response system through virtual impedance in formulas (1) and (2)
The rear-stage constant voltage droop control is composed of constant voltage control and direct current droop control, a constant voltage droop control algorithm collects the voltage and the output current of the direct current bus at the high-voltage side, the phase shift angle phi of the bidirectional active bridge circuit 3 in the three-port converter is output and controlled through the constant voltage droop control algorithm, and then the voltage stabilization control is carried out through the phase shift angle phi.
Fig. 4 shows a variation diagram of output current of each port of the two-stage isolated dc three-port converter, in a steady state, the output current of the super capacitor 6 is 0, and at 1.2s and 2.2s, the load power suddenly changes, so that it can be seen that the output current of the super capacitor 6 can rapidly compensate the transient current of the load, and the output current of the storage battery 7 slowly changes until the output current matches the load power. The result verifies the effectiveness of the hybrid energy storage control method provided by the invention.
The schematic diagram of the simulation result of the parallel operation of the two hybrid energy storage three ports under the later-stage constant voltage droop control is shown in fig. 5, and it can be seen from fig. 5 that the currents of the storage battery I and the storage battery II are balanced in a steady state, the transient compensation currents of the super capacitor I and the super capacitor II are balanced in a transient state, the system power can be effectively equally divided, and the effectiveness of the control method under the condition that the three-port hybrid energy storage systems are connected in parallel is verified.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the hybrid energy storage control method of the two-stage isolated dc three-port converter, and the protection range of the hybrid energy storage control method of the two-stage isolated dc three-port converter is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the following ideas belong to the protection range of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and variations should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A hybrid energy storage control method of a two-stage isolated three-port dc converter, the method being based on a two-stage isolated three-port dc converter, the converter comprising: the system comprises a Buck-Boost circuit (1), a staggered parallel circuit (2), a super capacitor (6), a storage battery (7), a bidirectional active bridge circuit (3) and a load resistor (4);
the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter is provided with a low-voltage direct current bus and a high-voltage bus, the low-voltage direct current bus is arranged on the low-voltage hybrid energy storage side of the two-stage isolation type direct current three-port converter, and the storage battery (7) and the super capacitor (6) are connected in parallel on the low-voltage direct current bus through the Buck-Boost circuit (1);
the high-voltage bus is arranged on the high-voltage load side of the two-stage isolation type direct-current three-port converter, a bidirectional active bridge circuit (3) is adopted for power transmission between the high-voltage bus and the low-voltage bus, and the load resistor (4) is connected on the high-voltage direct-current bus in parallel, and the high-voltage isolation type direct-current three-port converter is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the low-voltage side of the front stage adopts a hybrid energy storage power distribution control method to control a storage battery (7) and a super capacitor (6) by using a voltage-current closed-loop PI controller (5);
duty ratio control quantity D of switch tube at side of storage battery (7) generated by distribution1And the control quantity D of the duty ratio of a switching tube at the side of the super capacitor (6)2Power distribution of two energy storage elements of a storage battery (7) and a super capacitor (6) is carried out;
step two: the rear-stage high-voltage side adopts constant-voltage droop regulation to control a load resistor (4), utilizes a voltage-current double closed loop to regulate a generated phase shift angle phi, and carries out constant-voltage droop regulation control through the phase shift angle phi;
step three: direct current droop control is added into a back-stage high-voltage bus voltage-current closed-loop PI controller (5), so that hybrid energy storage parallel operation of a storage battery (7) side, a super capacitor (6) side and a load side is realized, and power is distributed in a balanced manner;
the voltage-current closed loop PI controller (5) sets an initial value v by collecting the voltage of a low-voltage side direct-current bus* refAnd current sampling values of the sides of the storage battery (7) and the super capacitor (6) are obtained through the following formula to form a new output voltage reference value v of the ends of the storage battery (7) and the super capacitor (6)BA_refAnd vSC_ref
Figure FDA0002166633380000011
In the frequency domain, the above two equations can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002166633380000013
Figure FDA0002166633380000014
wherein C isvFor the power regulation factor of the supercapacitor, LvFor regulating the power of the accumulator, iBAFor the sampling value of the current on the battery (7), iSCThe sampled value of the current on the side of the super capacitor (6) is obtained.
2. The hybrid energy storage control method of the two-stage isolated DC three-port converter according to claim 1, wherein: duty ratio D of switch tube at side of storage battery (7)1The duty ratio D of a switch tube at the side of a super capacitor (6) is determined by the output quantity of a voltage-current closed loop PI controller (5) at the side of a storage battery after passing through an amplitude limiter2The output quantity of the super capacitor side voltage-current closed loop PI controller (5) after passing through the amplitude limiter is determined.
3. The hybrid energy storage control method of the two-stage isolated DC three-port converter according to claim 1, wherein: and forming long-time scale power fluctuation of a storage battery (7) end response system and transient power fluctuation of a super capacitor (6) end response system by using the virtual impedance in the formulas (1) and (2), and forming the hybrid energy storage distribution method.
4. The hybrid energy storage control method of the two-stage isolated DC three-port converter according to claim 1, wherein: the rear-stage constant-voltage droop control consists of constant-voltage control and direct-current droop control, and the constant-voltage control is used for acquiring the direct-current bus voltage on the high-voltage sidevoDirect current droop control acquisition output current io
5. The hybrid energy storage control method of the two-stage isolated DC three-port converter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power transmission direction and the power transmission size between the high-voltage bus and the low-voltage bus are controlled by a phase shift angle phi.
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