CN109272450A - A kind of image oversubscription method based on convolutional neural networks - Google Patents

A kind of image oversubscription method based on convolutional neural networks Download PDF

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CN109272450A
CN109272450A CN201810959380.XA CN201810959380A CN109272450A CN 109272450 A CN109272450 A CN 109272450A CN 201810959380 A CN201810959380 A CN 201810959380A CN 109272450 A CN109272450 A CN 109272450A
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CN109272450B (en
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颜波
马晨曦
巴合提亚尔·巴热
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Fudan University
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    • G06T3/40Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
    • G06T3/4053Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on super-resolution, i.e. the output image resolution being higher than the sensor resolution
    • G06T3/4076Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on super-resolution, i.e. the output image resolution being higher than the sensor resolution using the original low-resolution images to iteratively correct the high-resolution images

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Abstract

The invention belongs to image-editing technology field, specially a kind of image oversubscription method based on convolutional neural networks.Convolutional neural networks include: feature extraction network, feature learning network, image reconstruction network;Method includes: to extract characteristics of image by feature extraction network;By feature learning network, learn high-definition picture feature out;Pass through image reconstruction network reconfiguration image three phases.The network structure of layered characteristic study proposed by the present invention can allow each stage in network to make full use of the characteristic information that all different levels are acquired in network, also largely remain the important feature in network, reduce characteristic loss, maximum characteristic use is realized, while avoiding the repetition and redundancy of feature.The experimental results showed that this method is generated with the high-definition picture for more meeting subjective visual quality, detail textures information true to nature is restored, has also achieved the image oversubscription process of more efficient, there is stronger practical value.

Description

A kind of image oversubscription method based on convolutional neural networks
Technical field
The invention belongs to image-editing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of image oversubscription method.
Background technique
Image resolution ratio is to measure an important indicator of picture quality, and resolution ratio is higher, and details is finer, and quality is got over Good, the information content that image includes is abundanter.Therefore the image with higher resolution is in various Computer Vision Tasks, such as military affairs Safety, satellite monitoring, traffic monitoring, criminal investigation etc. application in suffer from important application value and Research Prospects.But due to Cost problem, Image Acquisition usually in a practical situation, storage, transmission process can unavoidably be limited by external condition or Other interference, leading to it, there are different degrees of quality degradations.
Image oversubscription technology is the research branch as picture quality enhancing technology.It is intended to restore from low-resolution image Information in high-definition picture out is a science researching value height, the extensive Morden Image Processing Technology of application field.Figure As oversubscription is not only the size of simple enlarged image, it produces the new image comprising more valuable information.And image is super The technology of dividing improves image resolution ratio using the method based on signal processing, is that one kind effectively improves image resolution ratio, improves image The approach of performance, and this method is at low cost, therefore seems more important to the research of the image oversubscription technology of high-effect high-quality.
Image oversubscription can be by algorithm, Case-based Reasoning method and method neural network based based on interpolation come real It is existing.The oversubscription method of early stage is based on interpolation, such as bicubic interpolation and Lan Suosi resampling[1], since oversubscription is a kind of discomfort Determine problem, there are many solutions in the mapping from low-resolution image to high-definition picture for each pixel, and such methods only make With the information of low-resolution image, therefore it is difficult to simulate the visual complexity of true picture, it is complicated for texture, smooth shading Image, interpolation method are likely to produce false effect.High-definition picture cannot be reconstructed well.
Therefore, oversubscription needs very strong priori to constrain solution space, and nearest most of preferable methods use Case-based Reasoning Strategy learn powerful priori knowledge.This method is interfragmental right with high-resolution by finding multiple low resolution fragments It should be related to, find the several fragments most like with the fragment in low-resolution image for each low resolution fragment, and calculate It sends as an envoy to and reconstructs the smallest weighting parameter of cost, high-resolution piece shape is finally generated using multiple low resolution pieces and weighting parameter At high-definition picture.The deficiency of this method is the high-frequency content that can be lost in image, additionally due to there are the calculating of superimposed sheets It will lead to the increase of calculation amount.
In recent years, as convolutional neural networks (CNN) are in the application of computer vision field, occur many based on CNN Image oversubscription method.These methods realize the development of this technological break-through, wherein with SRCNN[2]And VDSR[3]Method is most It is representative.By that image oversubscription simply can be expanded to image oversubscription field using these methods to each frame of image.
C.Dong et al. put forward the image oversubscription method (SRCNN) based on convolutional neural networks in 2015, passed through The mapping relations between low resolution and high-definition picture are practised to rebuild high-definition picture.Mapping shows as a CNN, will be low Image in different resolution is as input, using high-definition picture as output.This process employs the superiority of neural network, by image Oversubscription problem is modeled as neural network structure, is simply and effectively increased by the suitable neural network of optimization object function training The model of strong image resolution ratio.
Neural network is easy to learn to obtain to a large amount of training set datas, furthermore after training the model of oversubscription, to height The reconstruct of image in different resolution is exactly simple feed forward process, therefore computation complexity is also greatly lowered.C.Dong et al. SRCNN method is improved again, proposes FSRCNN[4]Method, the structure for improving neural network realize faster oversubscription Effect.Better effect, while benefit are achieved in image resolution ratio by deepening neural network structure within Kim J et al. 2016 Learn the training speed that raising network efficiency accelerates network with residual error.It realizes with convolutional neural networks in oversubscription field and constantly mentions The effect risen, more scholars are by continuing to improve network structure in the subjective visual quality and objective value standard of oversubscription result Constantly broken through.
The method of the present invention is related to image oversubscription technology, is that one parameter of thought building based on deep learning is more efficient Oversubscription convolutional neural networks.Constructed network structure can be on the basis of existing low-resolution image by utilizing image The correlation of interior partial structurtes and detailed information learns high frequency detail and texture content in image out, and reconstructing has more preferably Visual quality clear image.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the prior art obtain better oversubscription effect, the present invention provides a kind of image spatial resolution that improves Method promotes oversubscription efficiency to enhance the quality of image.
Image oversubscription method provided by the invention is the image oversubscription method based on convolutional neural networks, the convolution mind It include: feature extraction network F through networkFE, feature learning network FFL, image reconstruction network FIR, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) extraction of characteristics of image
By low-resolution image ILRIt is input in convolutional neural networks, first passes around feature extraction network FFE, by convolution Input picture is transformed into feature space from pixel space by operation, generates the feature of input picture:
FLR=FFE(ILR)
(2) study of characteristics of image
This step is by the feature F of the low-resolution image extractedLRAs input, by the feature learning net of a multilayer Network FFL, from the minutia F learnt in high-definition picture out in original imageHR:
FHR=FFL(FLR)
(3) reconstruct of high-definition picture
The feature F containing rich image detailed information that previous step is predictedHRBy image reconstruction network FIR, recover High frequency detail content in original image has higher-quality high-definition picture I with reconstructSR:
ISR=FIR(FHR)
Multitiered network structure that the present invention uses (including feature extraction network FFE, feature learning network FFL, image reconstruction Network FIR) be made of the identical basic unit U of multiple structures;Wherein each unit U includes two convolution blocks and a company Node is connect, for the structure of convolution block using the GEU unit proposed in paper [5], connecting node is 3 × 3 by a convolution kernel size Convolutional layer realize;The specific structure of each unit U are as follows:
Firstly, setting finIndicate the input of unit U, first GEU being entered into unit U (is denoted as GEU1) raw in block At feature f1:
f1=GEU1(fin)
By the feature f of generation1It is input to next GEU and (is denoted as GEU2) unit, obtain feature f2:)
f2=GEU2(f1)
Finally by the output f of two GEU units1、f1The convolutional layer that one convolution kernel size of input is 3 × 3 simultaneously carries out special Sign fusion, generates the output feature f of the unitout:
fout=Conv (f1,f2)。
In step (1) of the present invention, feature extraction network FEUsing a layer network structure, i.e., it is made of a basic unit U, The unit specific steps are as follows:
Firstly, low-resolution image is input to feature extraction network FE, low resolution figure is extracted by a unit U The feature F of pictureLR:
FLR=U (ILR)。
In step (2) of the present invention, feature learning network FFLIt is the network structure of a multilayer, specific feature learning step Are as follows:
The F that step (1) is exported firstLRInput feature vector learning network FFLIn, by unit U1,1Generate feature f1,1:
f1,1=U1,1(FLR)
By f1,1It is input to the unit U of the second layer2,1In, generate feature f2,1:
f2,1=U2,1(f1,1)
Again by the second layer unit U2,1The feature f of output2,1It is input to next unit U of first layer1,2In, export feature f1,2:
f1,2=U1,2(f2,1)
By f1,2It is input to the unit U of next second layer2,2In, generate feature f2,2:
f2,2=U2,2(f1,2)
Again by the unit U of the second layer2,2Output feature f2,2It is input to the first layer unit U1,3In, export feature f1,3:
f1,3=U1,3(f2,2)
Finally by the output f of the last one unit of first layer1,3With the output f of the second layer the last one unit2,2Together Input the unit U of third layer3,1Middle generation feature f3,1, since network structure of the invention is only with three-decker, The output f of three layers of first unit3,1Minutia F with regard to the high-definition picture acquired as feature learning partSR:
FSR=f1,3
Unit U1,1, U2,1, U1,2, U2,2, U1,3, U3,1, it is basic unit U.
In step (3) of the present invention, image reconstruction network FIRUsing one layer of network structure, i.e., by a basic unit U group At specific steps are as follows:
Firstly, by the output F of previous stepSRAs input, by a basic unit U1And layer enlarged drawing point that deconvolute Resolution generates the residual plot I between reconstructed image and true high-definition pictureres:
Ires=Deconv (U1(FSR))
Finally, by use Bicubic method up-sample after low-resolution image and residual plot IresIt is added, obtains network The high-definition picture I of final outputSR:
ISR=Ires+Bic(ILR)。
Multitiered network structure that the present invention uses learns characteristics of image, by the image acquired between different layers in network spy Sign is connected by way of layering aggregation, is made full use of each layer in network of structural information, is recovered more accurate height Frequency picture material effectively reduces information loss of characteristics of image during Internet communication, and it is special to excavate deeper image Sign, finally obtains better quality reconstruction.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the result for carrying out oversubscription reconstruct to low-resolution image using this method.
Specific embodiment
For a low-resolution image, method shown in FIG. 1 can be used, oversubscription processing is carried out.Specific steps are as follows:
(1) low-resolution image is input to network first, through a convolutional layer, a unit U.
The input of unit U is transmitted to first GEU first referring to Fig. 1 by each unit specific steps1Block will generate feature Input next GEU2Block, the convolution that finally one convolution kernel size of input is 3 × 3 simultaneously again by the output of two GEU units Layer, generates the output feature f of the unit1
(2) by f1It is input to the first layer unit U1,1Generate feature f1,1;By f1,1It is input to the second layer unit U2,1It generates special Levy f2,1;By f2,1It is input to the first layer unit U1,2In, export feature f1,2;By f1,2Input the second layer unit U2,2Generate feature f2,2;By f2,2Transfer back to the first layer unit U1,3Export feature f1,3;By f1,3And f2,2It is transmitted to third layer unit U3,1Generate feature f3,1
(3) by f3,1It is transmitted to a unit U and generates feature f2, by f2Residual plot I is generated by the layer that deconvolutesres;Finally Former low-resolution image, which is up-sampled, using bicubic interpolation method generates Ibic, by IbicWith residual plot IresIt is added, generates high-resolution Image IHR
Fig. 2 is an experimental example.Wherein, (a), (d) figure respectively be input low-resolution image, (b), (e) figure then Be it is corresponding using the method for the present invention carry out 4 times of oversubscription reconstruct come high-definition picture, (c), (f) be true high-resolution Rate image.As can be seen that the method for the present invention can effectively recover texture and marginal information in original high-resolution image, Bring preferable visual effect.
Bibliography:
[1]C.E.Duchon.Lanczos filtering in one and two dimensions.Journal of Applied Meteorology,18(8):1016–1022,1979.
[2]C.Dong,C.C.Loy,K.He,and X.Tang.Image super-resolution using deep convolutional networks.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI),38(2):295–307,2015.
[3]Kim J,Lee J K,Lee K M.Accurate Image Super-Resolution Using Very Deep Convolutional Networks[C]//IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.IEEE Computer Society,2016:1646-1654.
[4]C.Dong,C.C.Loy,and X.Tang.Accelerating the super-resolution convolutional neural network.In European Conference on Computer Vision(ECCV), pages 391–407.Springer International Publishing,2016.
[5]Ke Li,Bahetiyaer Bare,B.Y.B.F.,and Yao,C.2018.Face hallucination based on key parts enhancement.In IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.。

Claims (4)

1. a kind of image oversubscription method based on convolutional neural networks, the convolutional neural networks include: feature extraction network FFE、 Feature learning network FFL, image reconstruction network FIR, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
(1) extraction of characteristics of image
By low-resolution image ILRIt is input in convolutional neural networks, first passes around feature extraction network FFE, by convolution operation Input picture is transformed into feature space from pixel space, generates the feature of input picture:
FLR=FFE(ILR)
(2) study of characteristics of image
By the feature F of the low-resolution image extractedLRAs input, by feature learning network FFL, from original image Learn the minutia F in high-definition picture outHR:
FHR=FFL(FLR)
(3) reconstruct of high-definition picture
The feature F containing rich image detailed information that previous step is predictedHRBy image reconstruction network FIR, recover original graph High frequency detail content as in has higher-quality high-definition picture I with reconstructSR:
ISR=FIR(FHR);
Here, feature extraction network FFE, feature learning network FFL, image reconstruction network FIR, identical by the structure of different number Basic unit U composition;Wherein each unit U includes two convolution blocks and a connecting node, and the structure of convolution block uses GEU Unit, connecting node are realized by the convolutional layer that a convolution kernel size is 3 × 3;The process flow of each unit U are as follows:
Firstly, setting finIndicate the input of unit U, first GEU being entered into unit U (is denoted as GEU1) generate in block it is special Levy f1:
f1=GEU1(fin)
By the feature f of generation1It is input to next GEU and (is denoted as GEU2) unit, obtain feature f2:
f2=GEU2(f1)
Finally, by the output f of two GEU units1、f1The convolutional layer that one convolution kernel size of input is 3 × 3 simultaneously carries out feature Fusion, generates the output feature f of the unitout:
fout=Conv (f1,f2)。
2. the image oversubscription method according to claim 1 based on convolutional neural networks, which is characterized in that in step (1), Feature extraction network FEUsing a layer network structure, i.e., it is made of a basic unit U, specific process flow are as follows:
Firstly, low-resolution image is input to feature extraction network FE, low-resolution image is extracted by a unit U Feature FLR:
FLR=U (ILR)。
3. the image oversubscription method according to claim 1 based on convolutional neural networks, which is characterized in that in step (2), Feature learning network FFLIt is the network structure of a multilayer, feature learning process are as follows:
Firstly, the F that step (1) is exportedLRInput feature vector learning network FFLIn, by unit U1,1Generate feature f1,1:
f1,1=U1,1(FLR)
By f1,1It is input to the unit U of the second layer2,1In, generate feature f2,1:
f2,1=U2,1(f1,1)
Again by the second layer unit U2,1The feature f of output2,1It is input to next unit U of first layer1,2In, export feature f1,2:
f1,2=U1,2(f2,1)
By f1,2It is input to the unit U of next second layer2,2In, generate feature f2,2:
f2,2=U2,2(f1,2)
Again by the unit U of the second layer2,2Output feature f2,2It is input to the first layer unit U1,3In, export feature f1,3:
f1,3=U1,3(f2,2)
Finally, by the output f of the last one unit of first layer1,3With the output f of the second layer the last one unit2,2It inputs together The unit U of third layer3,1Middle generation feature f3,1, since network structure of the invention uses three-decker, the of third layer The output f of one unit3,1Minutia F with regard to the high-definition picture acquired as feature learning partSR:
FSR=f1,3
Wherein, unit U1,1, U2,1, U1,2, U2,2, U1,3, U3,1, it is basic unit U.
4. the image oversubscription method according to claim 1 based on convolutional neural networks, which is characterized in that in step (3), Image reconstruction network FIRUsing one layer of network structure, i.e., it is made of a basic unit U, the detailed process of processing are as follows:
Firstly, by the output F of previous stepSRAs input, by a basic unit U (U1) and a layer enlarged drawing resolution of deconvoluting Rate generates the residual plot I between reconstructed image and true high-definition pictureres
Ires=Deconv (U1(FSR))
Finally, by use Bicubic method up-sample after low-resolution image and residual plot IresIt is added, it is final to obtain network The high-definition picture I of outputSR:
ISR=Ires+Bic(ILR)。
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