CN109272184B - Wetland quality judgment method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of ecological protection, and provides a method for judging wetland quality. The method takes the wetland quality wildbird index as a judgment standard; when the wetland quality wild bird index curve shows a descending trend, the loss of biological diversity of the wetland is accelerated; when the wetland quality wild bird index curve keeps horizontal, showing that the wetland biodiversity keeps stable; when the wetland quality wild bird index curve rises, the biodiversity property condition is improved. The method and the device solve the problems that the generalized linear model needs longer time series data, and the model cannot provide good fitting data for more missing years. The problems of complexity, hysteresis and the like of rapid monitoring of wetland, particularly wetland habitat quality evaluation of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, are solved through the wetland quality wild bird index, and a new direction is provided for wetland habitat quality evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ecological protection, and relates to a method for judging wetland quality.
Background
The wetland is one of the ecosystems which are extremely rich in biodiversity on the earth. The ecological water-saving fertilizer not only contains important rare species and has abundant animal and plant resources, but also plays an irreplaceable important role in aspects of regulating runoff, purifying air, conserving water sources, maintaining regional ecological balance and the like. The wetland ecosystem health evaluation and the wetland protection are increasingly concerned by people.
The diagnostic indicators of wetland ecosystem health are mainly focused on chemical and biological indicators, including chemical composition of water, sediments and organic matters, abundance, reproduction and growth of species, variation of population scale, species composition and diversity, ecosystem biomass and productivity. In recent years, physical indexes, pressure indexes and the like are taken into consideration, so that health diagnosis indexes are continuously improved. The natural and perfect diagnosis index can give more detailed evaluation results, but the cost of manpower and material resources is high. Therefore, it is urgently needed to find an index capable of rapidly evaluating the health degree of the ecosystem.
Currently, in the field of ecology, it is common to use indicator organisms for making relevant ecosystem judgments, for example, lichen can indicate air quality, plant species can indicate soil moisture and fertility and habitat quality. For wetland habitat, the functional diversity represents the difference degree of species functions in an ecosystem and is an important determinant factor of the ecosystem process. Wetland vegetation biomass can represent wetland productivity. Birds can reflect the pollution degree of the pesticide, and waterfowls are important biological factors in wetland areas and have the following characteristics: 1. waterfowl is at a higher nutritional level in the food chain and is sensitive to environmental changes. 2. Waterfowl is relatively easy to identify during investigation, and bird watching activities are gradually aroused in various places, investigation design methods and analysis methods are well developed, and bird counting data are relatively easy to collect. 3. Waterfowl is closely related to human life, providing not only cultural forms of ecosystem services, but also ecosystem services including supply, regulation and support aspects to humans. Therefore, it is feasible to use waterfowl as an effective indicator organism of wetland health status. Indexes such as bird functional diversity and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are often used as 2 important indexes of habitat quality. The basic method for generating an index reflecting the status of wild animals and plants is to measure the change of biodiversity with time. The classical Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index are used to measure the uniformity of species abundance of a community, but are insensitive to species abundance changes, and when the abundance of all species in a region decreases at the same rate, the Simpson index and Shannon-wiener index tend to be relatively stable and do not indicate the decrease of species abundance.
On the other hand, it is indicated that organisms are subjected to various factors such as climate, climate variability, habitat heterogeneity, historical factors, energy, competition, predation and disturbance, and also that determination is subject to general problems in the acquisition of ecological data: the difficulty in obtaining reliable estimates of annual abundance is great and the method is not direct enough. Therefore, analysis of monitoring data is simplified through a mathematical method, various index systems are constructed, and the defects of investigation data are solved through different methods, so that the method has important significance for accurately and quickly reflecting the biodiversity condition of the habitat through indicating organisms and further reflecting the quality condition of the habitat.
The wetland in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river in China has low terrain, proper climate, vertical and horizontal water network and huge quantity, countless wetland lakes are distributed in the main branch and the branch of the Yangtze river, and the wetland with high density and high concentration makes the wetland difficult to indicate bioassay, and data investigation has defects and species judgment is not accurate and inevitable. Therefore, finding a mathematical method for evaluating the actual wetland system condition has great significance for judging the wetland biodiversity, particularly the judgment of the wetland biodiversity of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river in China, and reflecting the wetland habitat quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wetland habitat quality evaluation method, in particular to the judgment of the biodiversity of wetland in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, and solves the problems of complex judgment of the biodiversity and quality evaluation, long period and the like of the conventional wetland.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for judging the quality of a wetland,
the wetland quality judgment method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) water bird investigation: dividing the wetland to be investigated into a plurality of sub-areas, observing the number of various waterfowl species in each sub-area every year when the waterfowl community structure is stable, and recording.
(2) Selecting water bird investigation time: months 1-2 were selected for the survey.
(3) Species screening: the introduction of seeds and the introduction of a bird maze were excluded.
Introgression refers to species that are intentionally mobilized into an area and colonized by humans.
The term "migratory birds" refers to migratory birds that deviate from their own migratory route and that change course due to severe weather conditions and thus appear in a non-distributed area.
(4) Treatment of unidentified species: unidentified species are classified by class, and each class is calculated as a single species.
(5) Missing value interpolation: the year of the survey value 0 is interpolated by using an interpolation method.
(6) Treatment of unidentified species: unidentified species were classified into groups: unidentified ducks, unidentified cranes, unidentified chicken, unidentified plover, unidentified sand cones and unidentified gulls, and calculating by regarding each group as a single species.
(7) The reference value selection method comprises the following steps: the reference year is any one year of the investigation time period, the first year is selected as the reference year, and when the investigation is carried out for two consecutive years and the investigation range has a complementary relationship, the average value of the two consecutive years is taken as the reference value; when only one annual survey value site is available, the annual survey value is selected as a reference value, and the specific formula of the reference value is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,value(i,base)is used as a reference value and is used as a reference value,value(i1) is the first year survey value,value(iand 2) is the second year survey value.
(8) Acquiring a wetland quality wild bird index: in the first step, the investigation value of waterfowl species i in year x is compared with the reference value of waterfowl species i, as shown in formula i:
I(i,x)=value(i,x)/value(i,base) （Ⅰ）
wherein value (i, x) represents the survey value of the species i in the year x, and value (i, base) is the reference value of the species i.
Secondly, calculating the wild bird index as shown in formula II:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,WBI x year representing evaluation regionxThe value of the index of the wild bird in (c),I n representative speciesiIn yearxThe ratio of the investigated value to the reference value.
(9) And (3) evaluating the wetland habitat quality: taking the year as the abscissa and the wetland quality wildbird indexWBI x And obtaining a wetland quality wildbird index curve as a vertical coordinate, and judging the wetland habitat quality change condition according to the trend of the wetland quality wildbird index curve.
The method takes the wetland quality wildbird index as a direct judgment standard, and shows that the wetland quality is reduced when a wetland quality wildbird index curve shows a descending trend; when the curve of the wetland quality wild bird index is kept horizontal, the wetland quality is stable; when the wild bird index curve of the wetland quality rises, the wetland quality rises.
The method for judging the wetland quality takes bird functional diversity and wetland vegetation coverage index as direct standards for judging the wetland quality; the bird functional diversity and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are positively correlated with the wetland quality wildbird index. The qualitative relationship between bird function diversity and wetland quality wild bird index is as follows: y =0.76x-1.2, and the qualitative relationship between NDVI and the wetland quality wildbird index is as follows: y =1.2 x-1.3.
When the bird functional diversity and the wetland vegetation coverage index curve show a descending trend, the wetland quality is reduced; when the bird functional diversity and the wetland vegetation coverage index curve are kept horizontal, the wetland quality is kept stable; when the bird function diversity and the wetland vegetation coverage index curve rise, the wetland quality rises.
Further, the wetland quality judgment method provided by the invention further comprises the step of selecting a year survey value of two or more adjacent years for calculating the reference value.
Further, the invention provides wetland quality judgmentThe method further comprises the following step of calculating the difference value of the missing values before the step (5): and (3) interpolating the year with the investigation value of 0 of a certain waterfowl species by using a ten-percent interpolation method of the mean value, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein, in the step (A),
for interpolation of the survey value of 0 years for a certain waterfowl species,
，
，
is a survey value of the number of species of waterfowl of a certain number of years other than 0,nthe number is not 0 years.
Further, in the wetland quality judgment method provided by the invention, the wetland is a wetland in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
The wetland in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river comprises wetland networks in Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai province-one city.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the method eliminates the puzzling birds and the introduced species, and ensures that the whole investigation and calculation result can truly reflect the local biological diversity and the evaluation of the wetland quality by the biological diversity.
2. According to the method, a large amount of data and calculation are carried out, the wetland quality wildbird index is found to have obvious positive correlation with the bird functional diversity and the NDVI, the wetland quality wildbird index is creatively provided to be used as a wetland quality judgment standard, the wetland quality can be directly judged on the basis of aquatic bird investigation, and the investigation and analysis work in wetland quality research is greatly reduced.
3. According to the method, unidentified waterfowl species are measured and calculated as broad species, and a new method for comprehensively and properly applying survey data is provided on the basis of ensuring the data accuracy.
4. The application uses ten percent of the average value, ensures that the data with more missing years of the waterfowl survey value can also be used, and ensures the comprehensiveness and comprehensiveness of the survey data.
5. According to the method, through a series of exponential relation calculation, a good fitting trend can be given by using a short time sequence through simple model data, the rapidity of the result obtained through the method is guaranteed, and reference can be made for related protection mechanisms quickly so as to change the protection strategy. The method solves the problems that the generalized linear model needs data of a longer time sequence, and the model cannot provide good fitting data for data with more missing years.
6. According to the method, the problems that in the data investigation process, more deficiency values, unidentified seeds, introduced seeds, bird-luring and the like are generated due to objective conditions are solved according to the environment complexity of the wetland in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river, so that comprehensive judgment of results can be guaranteed to the maximum extent on the basis of reasonable application of data.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the distribution of survey areas selected from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
FIG. 2 shows the change of index values of wetland quality wildbird in each survey area of the Yangtze river midstream.
FIG. 3 shows the index value change of wetland quality wildbird in each survey area at the downstream of Yangtze river.
Figure 4 correlation of wetland quality with bird functional diversity (log).
Figure 5 correlation of wetland quality with wetland vegetation NDVI (log value).
Detailed Description
The wetland quality judgment method provided by the invention is specifically explained by combining specific embodiments.
Example 1:
(1) survey range: the typical wetland ecosystem of China is taken as a region for data investigation, and the number of wetland ecosystems is 53, as shown in figure 1.
(2) Investigation time: hubei province, Hunan province, Jiangxi province, Jiangsu province in 2004, 2005, 2016, Anhui province in 2004, 2005, 2008-. We select the investigation value of 1-2 months, and the waterfowl community structure is stable at this time.
(3) The investigation method comprises the following steps: straight-line method of partitioning, all observed species and number are recorded by observation.
(4) Data preprocessing: the mean value of the survey values in 2004 and 2005 was used as a reference value, and if 2004/2005 has only a survey value in one year, the survey value in that year was used as the reference value. Get rid of the lost bird with wild goose, wild goose with spotted head, red-chest black goose, black-face lute and sailing duck. Unidentified waterfowl were classified by cluster. The species with a survey value of 0 are interpolated by a decimal fraction of the mean of the non-0 survey values.
(5) And (3) data analysis: and (4) calculating by lake, taking the ratio of the investigation value of a single species to the reference value as the index value of the species, carrying out the same calculation on a single cluster of unidentified waterfowls, and carrying out geometric average on the index values of all the species to obtain the index value of the wetland wild bird in the year.
(6) Calculation results
As shown in fig. 2, there are 38 survey areas in the middle trip of the Yangtze river, wherein the bird index values of 2 survey areas increase, the bird index values of 2 survey areas are leveled, and the bird index values of 34 survey areas decrease, wherein the bird index values of 7 survey areas decrease by more than 20%, the bird index values of 9 survey areas decrease by 10% -20%, and the bird index values of 18 survey areas decrease by less than 10%.
As shown in fig. 3, the bird index values in the survey areas downstream of the Yangtze river change. There were 15 survey areas. Compared with the reference value, in 2016, the wild bird index values of 6 investigation regions rise, the wild bird index values of 9 investigation regions fall, wherein the wild bird index values of 3 investigation regions fall by more than 40%, the wild bird index values of 4 investigation regions fall by 20% -40%, and the wild bird index values of 4 investigation regions fall by less than 10%.
(7) Correlation verification
27 lakes were selected for relationship verification (see table 1). The bird species are considered from the perspective of bird functional diversity and wetland vegetation biomass. Functional diversity, which represents the degree of difference in the function of species in the ecosystem, is an important determinant of ecosystem processes. Wetland vegetation biomass can represent wetland productivity. The two factors are related to the wetland quality, so that the correlation fitting is carried out by taking bird function diversity and wetland NDVI as independent variables and the wetland quality wildbird index as a dependent variable and utilizing a generalized linear model to discuss the correlation between the wetland quality wildbird index and the wetland quality. Before using the model, we standardized NDVI values and FD as the wetland quality wildbird index, with 2005 as the benchmark. The results show that the wetland quality wildbird index has significant correlation (p values are 0.0437 and 0.0416 respectively, see table 2) with the bird function diversity and NDVI, and both have positive correlation (see fig. 4 and 5), and the qualitative correlation between the bird function diversity and the wetland quality wildbird index is as follows: y =0.76x-1.2, and the qualitative relationship between NDVI and the wetland quality wildbird index is as follows: y =1.2 x-1.3. The wetland quality wildbird index can represent the quality of the wetland to a certain extent, and the larger the wetland quality wildbird index value is, the higher the wetland quality is.
Table 1 relationship verification and verification of lake data used
| Name of lake | NDVI | Functional diversity of birds | Wetland quality wildbird index |
| White lake | 0.8527 | 0.6939 | 0.9064 |
| Lake | 0.8383 | 0.9547 | 0.8481 |
| Vegetable lake | 0.3568 | 1.0315 | 0.8104 |
| Red lake | 1.5926 | 0.1554 | 0.9325 |
| Datong lake | 0.7142 | 0.3782 | 0.9972 |
| Lake on lake mountain | 0.6096 | 0.5809 | 0.9737 |
| branch of a river lake | 1.1883 | 0.7957 | 0.9545 |
| East west branch of a river lake | 1.0000 | 0.8261 | 0.9575 |
| Fanghu lake | 0.8412 | 0.4781 | 0.9782 |
| Feng Sha lake | 1.0000 | 0.6268 | 0.9659 |
| Axe lake | 1.0000 | 0.4430 | 0.9074 |
| Hongze lake | 1.0000 | 0.7522 | 0.8635 |
| Postero-guan lake | 1.0000 | 0.7982 | 0.9615 |
| Yellow lake | 1.0000 | 2.1398 | 1.0028 |
| Maolihu lake | 1.0000 | 0.8063 | 0.9181 |
| Nandongting lake | 0.7048 | 0.3921 | 0.8246 |
| Nilang lake | 1.0000 | 0.8898 | 0.9695 |
| Broken handle lake | 1.0000 | 0.5495 | 0.9932 |
| Shangjin lake | 1.0000 | 0.4045 | 0.9606 |
| Shang lake | 1.0000 | 0.6899 | 0.9098 |
| Lake of Shengjin | 0.8034 | 0.9250 | 0.9155 |
| Stone mortar lake | 1.0000 | 2.3752 | 1.1527 |
| Songyang lake | 1.0000 | 0.2789 | 0.9359 |
| Taihu lake | 1.0000 | 0.9084 | 1.0916 |
| Tuanhu (lake of Rou) | 1.0000 | 0.2617 | 0.9606 |
| Wuhu lake | 1.0000 | 0.2075 | 0.9686 |
| Xilonggan lake | 1.2830 | 1.0125 | 0.9794 |
TABLE 2 correlation results of wetland quality wildbird index with bird functional diversity and wetland vegetation NDVI values
| Parameter(s) | Numerical value | SD | t-value | p-value |
| Functional diversity | 0.0703 | 0.0328 | 2.1400 | 0.0437 |
| NDVI | 0.1263 | 0.0584 | 2.1640 | 0.0416 |
It will be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, which is not limited thereto, and that various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which also falls within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A wetland quality judgment method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) water bird investigation: a partition direct number method, namely dividing the wetland to be investigated into a plurality of sub-regions, observing the number of various waterfowl species in each sub-region every year when the waterfowl community structure is stable, and recording;
(2) selecting water bird investigation time: selecting months 1-2 for investigation;
(3) species screening: eliminating introduced seeds and puzzling;
(4) treatment of unidentified species: classifying unidentified species according to clusters, and calculating by regarding each cluster as a single species;
(5) missing value interpolation: carrying out interpolation on the year with the survey value of 0, and using an interpolation method;
(6) treatment of unidentified species: unidentified species were classified into groups: unidentified ducks, unidentified cranes, unidentified gunnels, unidentified plover, unidentified sandcones and unidentified gulls, and calculating by regarding each group as a single species;
(7) the reference value selection method comprises the following steps: the reference year is any one year of the investigation time period, the first year is selected as the reference year, and when the investigation is carried out for two consecutive years and the investigation range has a complementary relationship, the average value of the two consecutive years is taken as the reference value; when only one annual survey value is located, the annual survey value is selected as a reference value, and the specific formula of the reference value is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,value(i,base)is used as a reference value and is used as a reference value,value(i1) is the first year survey value,value(iand 2) is the second year survey value;
(8) acquiring a wetland quality wild bird index:
in the first step, waterfowl species are treatediIn yearxInvestigation value and waterfowl speciesiThe reference values are compared as shown in formula i:
I(i,x)=value(i,x)/value(i,base) （Ⅰ）
wherein the content of the first and second substances,value(i,x)representative speciesiIn yearxThe investigation value of (a) is determined,value(i,base)is a species ofiA reference value of (d);
secondly, calculating the wild bird index as shown in formula II:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,WBI x year representing evaluation regionxThe value of the index of the wild bird in (c),I n representative speciesnIn yearxThe ratio of the survey value to the reference value of (a);
(9) and (3) evaluating the wetland habitat quality: taking the year as the abscissa and the wetland quality wildbird indexWBI x Obtaining a wetland quality wild bird index curve as a vertical coordinate, and judging the change condition of the wetland habitat quality according to the trend of the wetland quality wild bird index curve;
the method takes the wetland quality wildbird index as a direct judgment standard, and shows that the wetland quality is reduced when a wetland quality wildbird index curve shows a descending trend; when the wild bird index curve of the wetland quality keeps horizontal, the wetland quality is stable; when the wild bird index curve of the wetland quality rises, the wetland quality rises.
2. The wetland quality judgment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and selecting the annual survey value of two or more adjacent years for calculating the reference value.
3. The wetland quality judgment method according to claim 2, characterized in that: calculating a deficiency value difference value before the step (5): and (3) interpolating the year with the investigation value of 0 of a certain waterfowl species by using a ten-percent interpolation method of the mean value, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for interpolation of the survey value of 0 years for a certain waterfowl species,
，
，
is a survey value of the number of species of waterfowl of a certain number of years other than 0,nin amounts other than 0 years.
4. The wetland quality judgment method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the wetland is a wetland in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.
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