CN109269623A - A kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera - Google Patents
A kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera Download PDFInfo
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- CN109269623A CN109269623A CN201811089025.8A CN201811089025A CN109269623A CN 109269623 A CN109269623 A CN 109269623A CN 201811089025 A CN201811089025 A CN 201811089025A CN 109269623 A CN109269623 A CN 109269623A
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- guide rail
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera, the centre of fixed frame has the run-though space for being horizontally arranged board under test structure, the side of fixed frame is arranged in the vertical guide rail of measurement portion, and the clamp of vertical guide rail bottom end is slideably fastened on the frame of fixed frame；The vertical slot of opening upwards is offered on vertical guide rail；The horizontal guide rail of measurement portion is arranged in parallel in the top of fixed frame；The left end of horizontal guide rail is equipped with the horizontal slot of outward opening, the right end of horizontal guide rail extends to the top of fixed frame, and the lower section of horizontal guide rail right end is equipped with camera of the camera lens towards the marker graphic drawn on board under test structure upper surface, camera is connected with central processing unit；Vertical guide rail is connected with horizontal guide rail by connecting rod, and the bottom end of the vertical rod of connecting rod is slideably plugged in vertical slot, and the right end of the horizon bar of connecting rod is slideably plugged in horizontal slot, and the top of vertical rod and the left end of horizon bar are vertically connected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring device more particularly to a kind of measuring devices of the plate structural vibration based on camera.
Background technique
In various fields such as aerospace, ship, automobile and buildings, hardened structure is because of its reliability, durability and economy
The characteristics of be widely used, palette structure can be vibrated under external disturbance excitation, and be for a long time, significantly vibrate, this is not
The necessary working performance and overall structure stability that only will affect hardened structure, can also aggravate the fatigue of hardened structure, shorten its use
Service life.
In existing vibration measurement method, more common method has piezoelectric element mensuration, acceleration transducer to survey
Amount method etc., still, there are the Time Delays of delayed phase for piezoelectric element, and precision is insufficient, and acceleration transducer is in precision
There is certain guarantee, but it is ineffective under complex environment, and at the same time, above two method can also be one in measurement process
The structure for changing measured object in degree is determined, to influence the performance of measured object.
Summary of the invention
To solve existing hardened structure vibration measurement mode there are delayed phase, precision deficiency and influencing Board Under Test structure
Problem, the present invention provide a kind of measuring device of plate structural vibration based on camera.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera, and described device includes for putting
The fixed frame of board under test structure is set, the fixed frame is enclosed by the connected frame in several first places, and the fixed frame
Centre has the run-though space for being horizontally arranged the board under test structure；The inner wall of the fixed frame with it is described to be measured hardened
There is gap, to allow the board under test structural vibration between the lateral wall of structure；The fixed frame level is laid with, and the fixation
Measurement portion is slideably equipped on the frame of frame；
The measurement portion includes vertical guide rail, and the side of fixed frame is arranged in the vertical guide rail, the vertical guide rail
Bottom end is equipped with clamp, and the clamp is slideably fastened on the frame of the fixed frame；The top of the vertical guide rail is vertical
It upwardly extends, and offers the vertical slot of opening upwards on the vertical guide rail, the vertical slot is in the upright guide rail
On vertically extend；
The measurement portion further includes horizontal guide rail, and the horizontal guide rail is arranged in parallel in the top of the fixed frame；It is described
The left end of horizontal guide rail be equipped with outward opening horizontal slot, and the horizontal slot on the horizontal guide rail in the horizontal direction
Extend；The right end of the horizontal guide rail extends to the top of the fixed frame, and the lower section of the horizontal guide rail right end is equipped with mirror
The camera for the marker graphic that head are drawn on board under test structure upper surface, and the marker graphic is located at the camera
In visual field；
The camera is connected with central processing unit, and during the image of the marker graphic of acquisition is conveyed to by the camera in real time
Central processor, the central processing unit receives, handles described image, and is obtained according to deflection of the marker graphic in described image
To the vibration displacement of the board under test structure；
The vertical guide rail is connected with the horizontal guide rail by connecting rod, and the connecting rod is L-shaped, and the connecting rod includes vertical
Bar and horizon bar, the bottom end of the vertical rod are slideably plugged in the vertical slot, and the right end of the horizon bar can be slided
It is plugged in the horizontal slot dynamicly, and the top of the vertical rod and the left end of the horizon bar are vertically connected.
Further, the marker graphic drawn on the upper surface of the board under test structure is five marked circles.
Further, five marked circles are respectively positioned in the visual field of the camera, and one of marked circle is located at phase
The underface of machine camera lens, remaining four marked circle are equiangularly arranged in the surrounding of the marked circle.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
Compared with prior art, the present invention having following remarkable advantage:
(1) guide rail structure (vertical guide rail, horizontal guide rail and connecting rod) can be such that camera moves in board under test superstructure, and change
Displacement is from can adapt to different angle, and carry out accurate vibration measurement, clever structure to board under test structure different location.
(2) measurement method for utilizing machine vision technique, analyzes image, converts to obtain vibration displacement information, schemes
As treatment process is without considering Environmental Noise Influence, the error of noise signal amplification is avoided, ensure that the accurate of measurement vibration.
(3) image of the phase unit of the high speed hundreds of frames of acquisition per second, while guaranteeing real-time measurement, is not present signal phase
Lagging equal error influences.
(4) machine vision technique is used for vibration measurement, will not change the structure of measured object, real under the premise of discontiguous
Existing vibration measurement, further ensures accuracy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of device of the present invention in an embodiment；
Fig. 2 is marked circle cut zone schematic diagram in an embodiment；
Fig. 3 is that the relationship of vibration displacement and other amounts is illustrated in an embodiment.
Specific embodiment
It is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with technical solution of the attached drawing to the invention patent, it is clear that described
Embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that such as occur term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings,
Be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have it is specific
Orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, such as there is term "
One ", " second ", " third " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " peace such as occur
Dress ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integrally
Connection；It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected；Can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary,
It can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned art can be understood with concrete condition
The concrete meaning of language in the present invention.
Referring to attached drawing, the present embodiment provides a kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera, described device includes
For placing the fixed frame 1 of board under test structure 2, the fixed frame 1 is enclosed by the connected frame in several first places, and described
The centre of fixed frame 1 has the run-though space for being horizontally arranged the board under test structure 2；The inner wall of the fixed frame 1 with
There is gap, to allow the board under test structure 2 to vibrate between the lateral wall of the board under test structure 2；The fixed frame 1 is horizontal
It is laid with, and is slideably equipped with measurement portion on the frame of the fixed frame 1；
Specifically, the fixed frame 1 is enclosed in around board under test structure 2, but it is not intended to limit 2 edge of board under test structure
Up and down direction (i.e. z-axis direction in Fig. 1) movement.
The measurement portion includes vertical guide rail 3 (z-axis direction of the vertical guide rail 3 in Fig. 1 extends), the vertical guide rail 3
The side of fixed frame 1 is set, and the bottom end of the vertical guide rail 3 is equipped with clamp, and the clamp is slideably fastened on described solid
On the frame for determining frame 1；The top of the vertical guide rail 3 extends straight up (the z-axis direction i.e. in Fig. 1), and described vertical
The vertical slot of opening upwards is offered on guide rail 3, the vertical slot vertically extends on the upright guide rail 3；
The measurement portion further includes horizontal guide rail 4 (x-axis direction of the horizontal guide rail 4 in Fig. 1 extends), the horizontal guide rail
4 are arranged in parallel in the top of the fixed frame 1；The left end of the horizontal guide rail 4 is equipped with the horizontal slot of outward opening, and described
(i.e. x-axis direction in Fig. 1) extends horizontal slot in the horizontal direction on the horizontal guide rail 4；The right end of the horizontal guide rail
Extend to the top of the fixed frame 1, and the lower section of 4 right end of the horizontal guide rail is equipped with camera lens towards table in board under test structure 2
The camera 7 for the marker graphic 9 drawn on face, and the marker graphic 9 is located in the visual field of the camera 7；
The camera 7 is connected with central processing unit 10, and the camera 7 is defeated in real time by the image of the marker graphic 9 of acquisition
Central processing unit 10 is given, the central processing unit 10 receives, handles described image, and according to marker graphic 9 in described image
In deflection obtain the vibration displacement of the board under test structure 2；
Specifically, the central processing unit 10 uses industrial computer.
The vertical guide rail 3 is connected with the horizontal guide rail 4 by connecting rod 5, and the connecting rod 5 is L-shaped, and the connecting rod 5 wraps
Vertical rod and horizon bar are included, the bottom end of the vertical rod is slideably plugged in the vertical slot, the right side of the horizon bar
End is slideably plugged in the horizontal slot, and the vertical stationary phase in the top of the vertical rod and the left end of the horizon bar
Even.
Specifically, vertical guide rail 3 can be slided along fixed frame 1, so as to adjust the horizontal position of camera 7, the connecting rod 5
Vertical bar is slided up and down along vertical slot, and so as to adjust the vertical position of camera 7, the horizon bar of the connecting rod 5 is along level
Slot horizontally slips, and can further adjust the horizontal position of camera 7.
Specifically, the marker graphic 9 drawn on the upper surface of the board under test structure 2 be five marked circles 11,12,13,
14、15。
Specifically, five marked circles are respectively positioned in the visual field of the camera 7, and one of marked circle 11 is located at camera 7
The underface of camera lens, remaining four marked circle 12,13,14,15 are equiangularly arranged in the surrounding of the marked circle 11.
When carrying out vibration measurement to the board under test structure 2, drawn at the position to be measured of the board under test structure 2 more
A marked circle 11,12,13,14,15, and camera 7 is adjusted to the top of marked circle 11,12,13,14,15.It is described to be measured hardened
The vibration displacement of structure 2 in the vertical direction, it will be embodied in marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in the image that camera 7 acquires
Area change amount on (or the deflection of radius of curvature).
For camera 7 by the image input industrial computer 10 of acquisition, industrial computer 10 handles described image information, and
By seeking the deflection of the radius of curvature of marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in image, the vibration of the board under test structure 2 is obtained
Dynamic displacement, specifically, the measurement method of the hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera is as follows:
Step 1: 2 level of board under test structure is laid in the fixed frame 1；
Step 2: five marked circles of label on the upper surface of the board under test structure 2, five marked circles are respectively positioned on described
In the visual field of camera 7, and one of marked circle 11 is located at the underface of 7 camera lens of camera, remaining four marked circle 12,13,
14,15 surrounding for being equiangularly arranged in the marked circle 11；
Step 3: the focal length of camera 7 is adjusted, each marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 is static in acquisition board under test structure 2
Image, and Threshold segmentation processing is carried out to the static image using OTSU thresholding method, and extract each frame static image
In each marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 central coordinate of circle (x0,y0), horizontal boundary point coordinate (± m0, 0) and vertical boundary
Point coordinate (0, ± n0)；
Specifically, horizontal boundary point coordinate (± m0, 0) in horizontal direction refer to along x-axis direction in Fig. 1；Vertically
Boundary point coordinate (0, ± n0) in vertical direction refer to along y axis direction in Fig. 1.
It takes gray value t (t is positive number) as threshold value, each static image is divided according to the size of grey scale pixel value respectively
Class, wherein grey scale pixel value is less than the conduct target of t in the static image, and conduct of the grey scale pixel value more than or equal to t is carried on the back
Scape, and the inter-class variance of target and backgroundAre as follows:
Wherein, p1(t)、p2It (t) is respectively target, background ratio shared in static image；μ1(t)、μ2(t) respectively
For the mean value of the grey scale pixel value of the mean value and background of the grey scale pixel value of target；μ is the pixel ash of whole picture static image image
Angle value mean value；
By all gray levels of gray value t traversal static image, maximum between-cluster variance is takenGray value be used as most optimal sorting
Threshold value T is cut, each image is split, and is partitioned into each marked circle 11,12,13,14,15, to the two-value after segmentation
Figure carries out position analysis and centroid detection processing, obtains the central coordinate of circle (x of each marked circle 11,12,13,14,150,y0), water
Flat boundary point coordinate (± m0, 0) and vertical boundary point coordinate (0, ± n0)。
Wherein: the luminance level range of gray level expressing gray level image, the bigger level of brightness range of the more images of series
It is abundanter, for describing the luminance level of whole picture static image.
Wherein: binary map refers to that in the picture there are two types of tonal gradations, that is to say, that any pixel in image is not
It is 0 is exactly 1, then the gray value without other transition.
Step 4: demarcating marked circle 11,12,13,14,15, determines the water from image coordinate system to world coordinate system
Flat transformation factor kx, vertical transformation factor ky, the specific steps are as follows:
It is the first marked circle 11 that definition, which is located in the middle marked circle 11, with first marked circle 11 in static image
Central coordinate of circle (x0,y0) origin O as image coordinate systemTEstablish image coordinate system；It is corresponding, existed with the first marked circle 11
Origin O of the position as world coordinate system in board under test structure 2WEstablish world coordinates；The sight and marked circle of camera 7 are hung down
Directly, and the center drop point of sight be the first marked circle 11 the center of circle, in image coordinate system, the first marked circle 11 is along level side
To the radius x of (i.e. x-axis direction in Fig. 1)r0, (i.e. y-axis direction in Fig. 1) along the vertical direction radius yr0It is respectively as follows:
xr0=m0-x0, yr0=n0-y0 (2)
Transformation relation is obtained in conjunction with the real radius r of the first marked circle 11:
Wherein, (xT,yT) be image coordinate system under certain point coordinate, (xW,yW) it is seat of this under world coordinate system
Mark, the horizontal transformation factorVertical transformation factor
Step 5: driving board under test structure 2 is vibrated, the vibrational image of the acquisition board under test structure 2 in real time of camera 7, and by institute
It states vibrational image and is passed to industrial computer 10, wait further processing；
Specifically, being vibrated by external force (such as manual or motor) driving board under test structure 2, such as the output shaft of motor is inserted into
In the through-hole of board under test structure 2, through-hole internal diameter is greater than the diameter of the output shaft of motor, i.e., the output shaft of motor and through-hole wall it
Between have gap, motor rotate when, can drive board under test structure 2 vibrate.
Step 6: using the center of circle of each marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 as regional center, take adjacent marker circle 11,12,
13, the distance between 14,15 center divides the image into five sub-regions a, b, c, d, e as zone boundary, as shown in Fig. 2,
The image-region in vibrational image in addition to subregion a, b, c, d, e is rejected, and independently carries out subsequent processing point to each subregion
Analysis；
Step 7: threshold value is carried out to all subregion a, b, c, d, e in every frame vibrational image using OTSU thresholding method
Segmentation, obtains the central coordinate of circle (x of each marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in every frame vibrational imagei,yi), horizontal boundary point sit
Mark (± mi, 0) and vertical boundary point coordinate (0, ± ni)；
Specifically, horizontal boundary point coordinate (± mi, 0) in horizontal direction refer to along x-axis direction in Fig. 1；Vertically
Boundary point coordinate (± mi, 0) in vertical direction refer to along y axis direction in Fig. 1.
Step 8: according to the central coordinate of circle (x for each marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 that step 7 obtainsi,yi), horizontal sides
Boundary point coordinate (± mi, 0) and vertical boundary point coordinate (0, ± ni), and the horizontal transformation factor k for combining step 4 to determinexWith it is vertical
Transformation factor ky, every frame vibrational image is handled, operation obtains the radius of curvature R of marked circle 11,12,13,14,15iVibration
Dynamic deformation amount further obtains the actual vibration displacement X of marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in each frame vibrational imagei, specifically such as
Under:
According to the central coordinate of circle (x for the marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 that step 7 obtainsi,yi), horizontal boundary point coordinate (±
mi, 0), and vertical boundary point coordinate (0, ± ni), every frame vibrational image is handled, marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 is obtained
Characteristic quantity, i.e. li、hi、LiAnd Hi:
Li=kxli=2kx(mi-xi), Hi=kyhi=2ky(ni-yi) (4)
Wherein, li、hiMarked circle 11,12,13,14,15 is in image coordinate system along water in respectively the i-th frame vibrational image
Square to (i.e. x-axis direction in Fig. 1) length and the length in (i.e. y-axis direction in Fig. 1) along the vertical direction；Li、HiRespectively
In i-th frame vibrational image marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in world coordinate system in the horizontal direction (i.e. x-axis direction in Fig. 1)
Length and the length in (i.e. y-axis direction in Fig. 1) along the vertical direction；
Using the data of first frame vibrational image as initial data values, vibration deformation occurs for the vibration of board under test structure 2
When, as shown in figure 3, radius of curvature that the board under test structure 2 deforms at marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 and Length Quantity
Relationship are as follows:
Wherein, L1For the marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in the 1st frame vibrational image along level side in world coordinate system
To length；RiGo out deformation curve for the board under test structure 2 where marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in the i-th frame vibrational image
Radius of curvature；
The vibration displacement X of i-th (i is positive integer) frame vibrational image is obtained according to radius of curvatureiAre as follows:
Wherein, Li is that the marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 in i-th (i is positive integer) width frame vibrational image is sat in the world
Length in mark system in the horizontal direction.
Step 7: the thorough result of comprehensive acquired image is determined the sampling time using the frame rate of camera 7, is made with the time
For abscissa, vibration displacement XiAs ordinate, board under test structure 2 is drawn at each 11,12,13,14,15 position of marked circle
Oscillating curve the vibration displacement of each marked circle 11,12,13,14,15 is believed and using the frame rate of camera 7 as sample rate
Number carry out Fourier transformation obtain the preceding two ranks modal frequency of hardened structure 2.
Content described in this specification embodiment is only enumerating to the way of realization of inventive concept, protection of the invention
Range is not construed as being only limitted to the concrete form of embodiment statement, and protection scope of the present invention is also and in those skilled in the art
Member according to the present invention design it is conceivable that equivalent technologies mean.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera, it is characterised in that: described device includes to be measured for placing
The fixed frame of hardened structure, the fixed frame are enclosed by the connected frame in several first places, and the intermediate tool of the fixed frame
There is the run-though space for being horizontally arranged the board under test structure；The inner wall of the fixed frame is outer with the board under test structure
There is gap, to allow the board under test structural vibration between side wall；The fixed frame level is laid with, and the side of the fixed frame
Measurement portion is slideably equipped on frame；
The measurement portion includes vertical guide rail, and the side of fixed frame, the bottom end of the vertical guide rail is arranged in the vertical guide rail
Equipped with clamp, the clamp is slideably fastened on the frame of the fixed frame；The top of the vertical guide rail is straight up
Extend, and offers the vertical slot of opening upwards on the vertical guide rail, vertical slot edge on the upright guide rail
Up and down direction extends；
The measurement portion further includes horizontal guide rail, and the horizontal guide rail is arranged in parallel in the top of the fixed frame；The level
The left end of guide rail is equipped with the horizontal slot of outward opening, and the horizontal slot is prolonged in the horizontal direction on the horizontal guide rail
It stretches；The right end of the horizontal guide rail extends to the top of the fixed frame, and the lower section of the horizontal guide rail right end is equipped with camera lens
Camera towards the marker graphic drawn on board under test structure upper surface, and the marker graphic is located at the view of the camera
In；
The camera is connected with central processing unit, and the image of the marker graphic of acquisition is conveyed to centre by the camera in real time
Device is managed, the central processing unit receives, handles described image, and obtains institute according to deflection of the marker graphic in described image
State the vibration displacement of board under test structure；
The vertical guide rail is connected with the horizontal guide rail by connecting rod, and the connecting rod is L-shaped, the connecting rod include vertical rod and
Horizon bar, the bottom end of the vertical rod are slideably plugged in the vertical slot, and the right end of the horizon bar is slideably
It is plugged in the horizontal slot, and the top of the vertical rod and the left end of the horizon bar are vertically connected.
2. a kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to be measured
The marker graphic drawn on the upper surface of hardened structure is five marked circles.
3. a kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: described five
Marked circle is respectively positioned in the visual field of the camera, and one of marked circle is located at the underface of camera lens, remaining four marks
Note circle is equiangularly arranged in the surrounding of the marked circle.
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| CN201811089025.8A CN109269623A (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2018-09-18 | A kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera |
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| CN201811089025.8A CN109269623A (en) | 2018-09-18 | 2018-09-18 | A kind of hardened structure vibration measurement device based on camera |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113049082A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-29 | 杭州富加镓业科技有限公司 | Detection method of seed crystal rod jitter detection device and crystal growth method |
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| US20120266680A1 (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Method and system for locating a laser vibrometer during non-contact scanning |
| CN102322938A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-01-18 | 华南理工大学 | Visual measuring device for vibration of piezoelectric flexible board structure and control method |
| CN104729665A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-06-24 | 华南理工大学 | Flexible cantilever slab vibration detection device and method based on binocular vision |
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| CN113049082A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-29 | 杭州富加镓业科技有限公司 | Detection method of seed crystal rod jitter detection device and crystal growth method |
| CN113049082B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-03-08 | 杭州富加镓业科技有限公司 | Detection method of seed crystal rod jitter detection device and crystal growth method |
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