CN109269449B - Method for testing specific surface area of rockfill - Google Patents
Method for testing specific surface area of rockfill Download PDFInfo
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- CN109269449B CN109269449B CN201811188841.4A CN201811188841A CN109269449B CN 109269449 B CN109269449 B CN 109269449B CN 201811188841 A CN201811188841 A CN 201811188841A CN 109269449 B CN109269449 B CN 109269449B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 240000004371 Panax ginseng Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000002789 Panax ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000012925 reference material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013558 reference substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010025899 gelatin film Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011093 media selection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009504 vacuum film coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing the specific surface area of a rockfill material, and belongs to the field of rock-soil tests. The method comprises the following steps: s1 measurement reference and media selection: and selecting standard block stones with the same material and known volume and surface area as measurement reference bodies. Selecting a glue solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength as a measuring medium; s2 volume measurement: putting the rockfill material and the measurement reference body into glue solutions with fixed volumes respectively, and measuring the volumes of the rockfill material and the measurement reference body respectively; s3 wrapping quality measurement: uniformly coating the rubber-coated rockfill material and measuring the mass increment by a measuring reference body; and S4 conversion of specific surface area: and calculating the specific surface area of the rockfill material through the volume of the rockfill material, the glue wrapping mass, the volume of the measurement reference body, the glue wrapping mass and the surface area. The method can quickly and accurately measure the specific surface area of the rockfill material with irregular shape, complex texture and numerous stones at low cost at one time, and solves the problem that the specific surface area of the rockfill material is difficult to measure in the current indoor test.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rock and soil tests, and relates to a method for testing the specific surface area of a rockfill material.
Background
Rockfill materials are widely available and used in national economic construction and consist of a large number of rock particles with irregular shapes and different sizes. The microscopic interaction of relative slippage, rotation, shearing, extrusion and even crushing among the rock particles reflects the characteristics of particle crushing, long-term rheology, deformation, strength and the like of the rockfill material macroscopically. Therefore, many scholars are trying to intensively study the block stone from the aspect of the microscopic structure such as the shape and the size of the block stone. In particular, the microscopic interaction between the rock lumps and the rock lumps is fundamentally caused by the contact between the rock lumps and the rock lumps, so that the surface area and the specific surface area of the rock lumps are used as important influence indexes of the rock lumps, and deep quantitative research is required. However, although the morphological characteristics of a single rock block particle can be accurately obtained by 3D scanning at present, for a rock pile material composed of a large number of rock block particles, the rock pile material has numerous rock block particles, complex shapes and obvious size differences, and only microscopic shapes and geometric characteristics of a limited number of rock blocks can be obtained in actual operation, it is difficult to obtain information of the specific surface area of the whole rock pile material, and further the influence of the specific surface area of the rock pile material on the deformation and strength characteristics of the rock pile material cannot be quantitatively and finely analyzed. Therefore, there is a need to develop a simple, convenient and efficient testing method capable of testing the surface area and specific surface area of the whole rockfill material, and further to strongly promote the research on the particle fragmenting property, long-term rheology, deformation and strength characteristics of the rockfill material.
The surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material (particle material) are measured by three methods, namely a 3D scanning method, a film coating method and a vacuum coating machine method, the 3D scanning method is to scan one by one through a high-precision 3D scanner to obtain the shape of the rockfill material, and the specific surface area of the rockfill material is obtained finally, but the 3D scanning time cost, the equipment cost and the labor cost are high, and the method is only suitable for limited rockfill particles; the film covering method is characterized in that a film with uniform quality is uniformly covered on the surface of the rock block, then the covering film is taken down, the film weight is weighed, and the surface area of the rock block is measured, so that the cost is high, and the method is not suitable for measuring the surface area of large-batch rockfill materials; the method of the vacuum coating machine is to put the rockfill material into the vacuum coating machine for vacuum coating, and to calculate the surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material by setting the coating thickness, but the use cost is still relatively high, and the surface area of the rockfill material cannot be measured in a large quantity due to the size limitation of the vacuum coating machine. The methods cannot simply, conveniently, efficiently, economically, environmentally and environment-friendly test the surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material containing a large amount of stones.
1. High cost and low test efficiency
The 3D scanning method needs to measure single stones one by one, 30min is needed for the 3D scanning method of the single stones, the economic cost is more than 100 yuan, and the testing requirement of a large number of stone particles in the rockfill material is difficult to meet; the film coating method is also used for uniformly covering a layer of uniform film on the rock blocks, so that the required labor cost and time cost are higher, and the test requirement of the rockfill material is not applicable; although the vacuum coating machine can simultaneously test a plurality of stones, the vacuum coating machine is required, and the operation cost is high due to the limitation of the size and the use cost of the coating machine, so that the requirements of testing the surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material are difficult to meet.
2. The operation difficulty is high
The 3D scanning method needs a 3D scanner, the uniform film coating method needs to be skillful for uniformly coating films on the rock blocks, the vacuum film coating machine method needs a vacuum film coating machine, professional equipment is needed, skilled and professional personnel are needed for operation, and the measurement of the surface area and the specific area of the rockfill material is not facilitated under the normal test condition.
3. Is suitable for testing the surface area of only a small amount of rock blocks
Due to cost and time limitations, the 3D scanning, uniform film coating and vacuum film coating machine has good practicability in the specific surface area and surface area test of a small amount of rockfill material particles, but the time cost, the economic cost and the labor cost for rockfill materials containing a large amount of rock blocks are high.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for testing specific surface area of rockfill.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the method for testing the specific surface area of the rockfill comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a rockfill material measurement reference object and a measurement medium;
s2: measuring the volume of the rockfill material and the measuring medium;
s3: measuring the wrapping quality of the surface of the rockfill material;
s4: and (4) converting the specific surface area of the rockfill.
Further, the step S1 specifically includes: selecting a proper measurement reference object and a proper measurement medium, firstly, selecting a standard block stone which has the same material as the rockfill material and known mass m, volume V and surface area S as the measurement reference object for reducing the measurement error of the measurement reference object, wherein the number of the reference object is determined according to the actual situation so as to reduce the test error caused by the number and the volume; then, selecting a glue solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength as a measuring medium for the measuring medium;
the method comprises the following steps:
① measuring reference object, selecting standard rock block with material same as rockfill material and known mass m, volume V and surface area S, wherein the standard rock block can be regular rock block capable of directly calculating volume V and surface area S by formula, including cube and cylinder, or randomly selected from rockfill material, and irregular rock block with volume and surface area is obtained by 3D scanning;
② measuring medium, which is a colloid solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength, including modified starch solution, hot polyvinyl alcohol solution and hot agar solution.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes: firstly, putting the material to be measured and the reference object into an ultrasonic cleaner, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, removing surface dust and mud dirt, and carrying out natural air drying for 2 hours; then, the air-dried rockfill material and a measurement reference material are placed in a container filled with water, and the volume V of the rockfill material is measured by a liquid discharge method through a measuring cylinderStackAnd measuring the reference volume VGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)(ii) a Finally, the rockfill material and the measurement reference object are placed in a 105 ℃ oven to be dried for 24 hours, and the mass m of the rockfill material is measuredStackAnd measuring the reference mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)；
The method comprises the following steps:
① ultrasonic dedusting, namely placing the rockfill materials and the selected reference objects in an ultrasonic cleaner, cleaning mud and dirt and attached dust outside the rockfill materials and the reference objects by ultrasonic waves, and naturally drying the rockfill materials and the reference objects for 2h after cleaning;
② volume measurement, placing the dried rockfill material and the measurement reference material into a container filled with water, measuring the volume of the rockfill material and the volume of the measurement reference material discharged water by a liquid discharge method through a measuring cylinder, and further measuring the volume V of the rockfill materialStackAnd measuring the reference volume VGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)Wherein the rockfill material has uniform mass, and the rockfill material volume is indirectly converted by the mass ratio of the rockfill material to the measurement reference object and the known volume of the measurement reference object through the formula (1);
② measuring the mass of rockfill material, taking out rockfill material and measurement reference, oven drying at 105 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out, naturally cooling, and measuring the mass m of rockfill material with an accurate electronic scaleStackAnd measuring the reference mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
Further, the step S3 specifically includes: uniformly coating the rockfill material and the measurement reference object with glue, and measuring the quality of the coated glue, wherein firstly, a measurement medium glue solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength is prepared; secondly, putting the dustless and dry rockfill materials and the reference object into a glue solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse the glue solution on the surface of the rockfill materials; then, the rockfill material coated with the glue and the measurement reference object are taken out for drying, and the glue coating mass delta m on the surface of the rockfill material is measured respectivelyStackAnd measuring the mass of wrapping Δ m on the surface of the referenceGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)；
The method comprises the following steps:
① preparing measuring medium gel solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength, including modified starch solution, hot polyvinyl alcohol solution and hot agar solution, which can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of rockfill and measuring reference object to form uniform gel film with equal thickness;
② coating glue uniformly, putting the dustless and dry rockfill material and the measurement reference material into the prepared glue solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, and performing ultrasonic treatment by using an ultrasonic device to uniformly spread the glue solution on the rockfill material and the measurement medium;
③ measuring the mass of the wrapped rubber, taking out the uniformly wrapped rock mass and the measuring reference substance in the ultrasonic process, drying in a 60 ℃ oven for 4h, taking out, naturally cooling, passing through an accurate electronic scale, and respectively measuring the mass M of the wrapped rock massStackAnd measuringMass M of reference object after being wrapped with glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)Mass M of the rockfill material after being coated with glueStackMass m of dry rockfillStackThe difference is the mass delta m of the wrapping glue on the surface of the rock pileStackSimilarly measuring mass M of reference object after wrapping with glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)And measuring reference substance mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)The difference is the wrapping mass Deltam of the surface of the measured reference objectGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
Further, the step S4 specifically includes: the conversion of the specific surface area is carried out,
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) developing a method for testing the specific surface area of the rockfill material with low cost and high efficiency, and further measuring the specific surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material with low cost and high efficiency;
(2) the rockfill specific surface area testing method which is simple and convenient to operate is developed, and the rockfill specific surface area and the specific surface area can be simply and easily measured under normal test conditions.
(3) A testing method suitable for the specific surface area of the rockfill material containing a large amount of rock lumps is developed, and the rockfill material characteristic research is promoted.
Drawings
In order to make the object, technical scheme and beneficial effect of the invention more clear, the invention provides the following drawings for explanation:
FIG. 1 is a relational diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of measurement reference selection;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the rockfill material, measurement reference quality test;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rockfill material, measurement reference volume test;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the rockfill material, the wrapping of the measurement reference material and the quality test of the wrapping.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is divided into 4 parts:
(1) measurement reference and measurement medium selection
Firstly, for a measurement reference object, in order to reduce measurement errors, a standard block stone which is the same as the rockfill material in material and has known mass m, volume V and surface area S is selected as the measurement reference object, and the number of the reference object can be properly increased so as to reduce test errors caused by the number and the volume; then, for the measuring medium, a glue solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength is selected as the measuring medium.
The method comprises the following steps:
① measuring reference object, selecting standard rock block with material same as rockfill material and known mass m, volume V and surface area S, wherein the standard rock block can be regular rock block such as cube or cylinder capable of directly calculating volume V and surface area S by formula, or random selected from rockfill material, and irregular rock block with volume and surface area is obtained by 3D scanning;
② measuring medium, which is a colloid solution capable of forming film on the surface of stone block, such as modified starch solution, hot polyvinyl alcohol solution, hot agar solution, etc.;
(2) measuring volume and mass of reference object and measuring medium
Firstly, putting the measured rockfill material and a reference object into an ultrasonic cleaner, performing ultrasonic cleaning, removing surface dust and mud dirt, and performing natural air drying for 2 hours; then, the air-dried rockfill material and a measurement reference material are placed in a container filled with water, and the volume V of the rockfill material is measured by a liquid discharge method through a measuring cylinderStackAnd measuring the reference volume VGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)(ii) a Finally, the rockfill material and the measurement reference object are placed into a 105 ℃ oven to be dried for 24 hours, and the mass m of the rockfill material is measuredStackAnd measuring the reference mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
The method comprises the following steps:
① ultrasonic dedusting, namely placing the rockfill materials and the selected reference objects in an ultrasonic cleaner, cleaning mud and dirt and attached dust outside the rockfill materials and the reference objects by ultrasonic waves, and naturally drying the rockfill materials and the reference objects for 2h after cleaning;
② volume measurement, placing the dried rockfill material and the measurement reference material into a container filled with water, measuring the volume of the rockfill material and the volume of the measurement reference material discharged water by a liquid discharge method through a measuring cylinder, and further measuring the volume V of the rockfill materialStackAnd measuring the reference volume VGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)If the rockfill material has uniform mass, indirectly converting the rockfill material volume through the mass ratio of the rockfill material and the measurement reference object and the known volume of the measurement reference object by the formula (1);
② measuring the mass of rockfill material, taking out rockfill material and measurement reference, oven drying at 105 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out, naturally cooling, and measuring the mass m of rockfill material with an accurate electronic scaleStackAnd measuring the reference mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
(3) Wrapping quality measurement
The method comprises the steps of uniformly coating the rockfill material and a measurement reference object with glue, and measuring the quality of the coated glue. Secondly, putting the dustless and dry rockfill materials and the reference materials into a glue solution, and carrying out ultrasonic wave to enable the glue solution to be uniformly dispersed on the surface of the rockfill materials. Then, the rockfill material coated with the glue and the measurement reference object are taken out for drying, and the glue coating mass delta m on the surface of the rockfill material is measured respectivelyStackAnd measuring the mass of wrapping Δ m on the surface of the referenceGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
The method comprises the following steps:
① preparing measuring medium gel solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength, such as modified starch solution, hot polyvinyl alcohol solution, hot agar solution, etc., and uniformly spreading on the surface of rockfill and measuring reference object to form uniform gel film with uniform thickness;
② coating glue uniformly, putting the dustless and dry rockfill material and the measurement reference material into the prepared glue solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, and performing ultrasonic treatment by using an ultrasonic device to uniformly spread the glue solution on the rockfill material and the measurement medium;
③ measuring the mass of the wrapped rubber, taking out the uniformly wrapped rock mass and the measuring reference substance in the ultrasonic process, drying in a 60 ℃ oven for 4h, taking out, naturally cooling, passing through an accurate electronic scale, and respectively measuring the mass M of the wrapped rock massStackAnd measuring the mass M of the reference object after the reference object is coated with the glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)Mass M of the rockfill material after being coated with glueStackMass m of dry rockfillStackThe difference is the mass delta m of the wrapping glue on the surface of the rock pileStackSimilarly measuring mass M of reference object after wrapping with glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)And measuring reference substance mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)The difference is the wrapping mass Deltam of the surface of the measured reference objectGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
(4) Conversion of specific surface area
Other alternatives that can achieve the same purpose:
in the part 3, if the wrapping mass of the rockfill material and the measurement reference material is too small, the rockfill material and the measurement reference material can be directly embedded into the metal powder after being wrapped with the rubber, the metal powder and the rubber film on the surface are taken as a whole, then the measurement rockfill material and the metal powder and the cornea mass on the measurement reference material are taken out, and the surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material can be obtained by adopting the formula formulas (2) and (3).
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic diagram for selecting a measurement reference object, the rockfill reference object can be formed by cutting stone to form a plurality of cylinders with the diameter d and the height H, and the surface area and the volume of the rockfill reference object are calculated by a formula; a limited number of stones can be randomly selected from the rockfill material, and the 3-dimensional shape of the selected stones can be accurately obtained through 3D scanning, so that the volume and the surface area of the reference object can be measured by a computer. Compared with the regular form generated by cutting, the randomly selected rock block has the same surface roughness as the rockfill material, so that the surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material can be better and more accurately solved. Therefore, the randomly selected rock blocks are adopted as the measuring reference object as much as possible, and the more the rock blocks in the measuring reference object are, the higher the rockfill material measuring precision is.
As shown in fig. 3, the drying quality measurement diagram of the rockfill material and the measurement reference object is shown: firstly, the rockfill material and the measurement reference object are placed into an ultrasonic cleaning machine, liquid vibration caused by ultrasonic waves enables micro bubbles in water to break and release energy, and therefore mud dirt and dust on the rockfill material are cleaned quickly and efficiently; secondly, putting the rockfill material and the measurement reference object into a 105 ℃ oven for drying for 24 hours, slowly cooling, and measuring the drying mass m of the rockfill material by an electronic scaleStackAnd measuring the dry mass m of the reference materialGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
If the rockfill material mass is uniformly distributed, its volume can be calculated from the known measured reference volume, the previously measured rockfill material dry mass, and the reference dry mass, as shown in equation 1.
As shown in fig. 4, the schematic diagram of the dry mass measurement of the rockfill material and the measurement reference object is that the dry rockfill material and the measurement reference object are put into the water container with the water level line being equal to the water drain valve, then the valve is opened, and the volume of the rockfill material and the measurement reference object is measured through the measuring cylinder by adopting a liquid drain method.
As shown in fig. 5, the schematic diagram of uniform glue wrapping quality measurement is that firstly, the rockfill material and the measurement reference object are placed on the leakage net and are respectively placed into the prepared glue solution, and the glue solution is placed in the constant-temperature ultrasonic cleaner; secondly, the glue solution is uniformly dispersed and uniformly distributed on the surface of the block stone through ultrasonic vibration; then, slowly putting the rockfill materials and the measurement reference object into an oven through a leakage net to extract a glue solution, wherein the ultrasonic cleaner is not closed; then, the uniformly coated rockfill material and the measurement reference are usedPutting the mixture into a 60 ℃ oven to be dried for 4 hours; finally, the mass M of the piled material after being wrapped with the glue is measured through an electronic scaleStackMeasuring mass M of reference object after wrapping with glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
Mass M of rockfill material after being wrapped with glueStackMass m of dry rockfillStackThe difference is the mass delta m of the wrapping glue on the surface of the rock pileStackSimilarly measuring mass M of reference object after wrapping with glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)And measuring reference substance mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)The difference is the wrapping mass Deltam of the surface of the measured reference objectGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Finally, the surface area and the specific surface area of the rockfill material can be obtained by the formulas (2) and (3).
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The method for testing the specific surface area of the rockfill is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting a rockfill material measurement reference object and a measurement medium;
s2: measuring the volume of the rockfill material and the measuring medium;
s3: measuring the wrapping quality of the surface of the rockfill material;
s4: converting the specific surface area of the rockfill material;
the S1 specifically includes: selecting a proper measurement reference object and a proper measurement medium, firstly, selecting a standard block stone which has the same material as the rockfill material and known mass m, volume V and surface area S as the measurement reference object for reducing the measurement error of the measurement reference object, wherein the number of the reference object is determined according to the actual situation so as to reduce the test error caused by the number and the volume; then, selecting a glue solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength as a measuring medium for the measuring medium;
the method comprises the following steps:
① measuring reference object, selecting standard rock block with material same as rockfill material and known mass m, volume V and surface area S, wherein the standard rock block can be regular rock block capable of directly calculating volume V and surface area S by formula, including cube and cylinder, or randomly selected from rockfill material, and irregular rock block with volume and surface area is obtained by 3D scanning;
② measuring medium, which is a colloid solution capable of forming film on the surface of stone block, and the colloid solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength is required, including modified starch solution, hot polyvinyl alcohol solution and hot agar solution;
the S2 specifically includes: firstly, putting the material to be measured and the reference object into an ultrasonic cleaner, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning, removing surface dust and mud dirt, and carrying out natural air drying for 2 hours; then, the air-dried rockfill material and a measurement reference material are placed in a container filled with water, and the volume V of the rockfill material is measured by a liquid discharge method through a measuring cylinderStackAnd measuring the reference volume VGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)(ii) a Finally, the rockfill material and the measurement reference object are placed in a 105 ℃ oven to be dried for 24 hours, and the mass m of the rockfill material is measuredStackAnd measuring the reference mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)；
The method comprises the following steps:
① ultrasonic dedusting, namely placing the rockfill materials and the selected reference objects in an ultrasonic cleaner, cleaning mud and dirt and attached dust outside the rockfill materials and the reference objects by ultrasonic waves, and naturally drying the rockfill materials and the reference objects for 2h after cleaning;
② volume measurement, placing the dried rockfill material and the measurement reference material into a container filled with water, measuring the volume of the rockfill material and the volume of the measurement reference material discharged water by a liquid discharge method through a measuring cylinder, and further measuring the volume V of the rockfill materialStackAnd measuring the reference volume VGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)Wherein the rockfill material has uniform mass, and the rockfill material volume is indirectly converted by the mass ratio of the rockfill material to the measurement reference object and the known volume of the measurement reference object through the formula (1);
② measuring the mass of rockfill material, taking out rockfill material and measurement reference, oven drying at 105 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out, naturally cooling, and measuring the mass m of rockfill material with an accurate electronic scaleStackAnd measuring the reference mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)；
The S3 specifically includes: uniformly coating the rockfill material and the measurement reference object with glue, and measuring the quality of the coated glue, wherein firstly, a measurement medium glue solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength is prepared; secondly, putting the dustless and dry rockfill materials and the reference object into a glue solution, and performing ultrasonic treatment to uniformly disperse the glue solution on the surface of the rockfill materials; then, the rockfill material coated with the glue and the measurement reference object are taken out for drying, and the glue coating mass delta m on the surface of the rockfill material is measured respectivelyStackAnd measuring the mass of wrapping Δ m on the surface of the referenceGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)；
The method comprises the following steps:
① preparing measuring medium gel solution with good film forming property and high bonding strength, including modified starch solution, hot polyvinyl alcohol solution and hot agar solution, which can be uniformly dispersed on the surface of rockfill and measuring reference object to form uniform gel film with equal thickness;
② coating glue uniformly, putting the dustless and dry rockfill material and the measurement reference material into the prepared glue solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, and performing ultrasonic treatment by using an ultrasonic device to uniformly spread the glue solution on the rockfill material and the measurement medium;
③ measuring the mass of the wrapped rubber, taking out the uniformly wrapped rock mass and the measuring reference substance in the ultrasonic process, drying in a 60 ℃ oven for 4h, taking out, naturally cooling, passing through an accurate electronic scale, and respectively measuring the mass M of the wrapped rock massStackAnd measuring the mass M of the reference object after the reference object is coated with the glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)Mass M of the rockfill material after being coated with glueStackMass m of dry rockfillStackThe difference is the mass delta m of the wrapping glue on the surface of the rock pileStackSimilarly measuring mass M of reference object after wrapping with glueGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)And measuring reference substance mass mGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)The difference is the wrapping mass Deltam of the surface of the measured reference objectGinseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)。
2. The rockfill specific surface area test method according to claim 1, wherein: the S4 specifically includes: the conversion of the specific surface area is carried out,
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