CN109268067B - Method for judging cold-proof drainage measures of tunnel in cold and severe cold areas - Google Patents
Method for judging cold-proof drainage measures of tunnel in cold and severe cold areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN109268067B CN109268067B CN201811107555.0A CN201811107555A CN109268067B CN 109268067 B CN109268067 B CN 109268067B CN 201811107555 A CN201811107555 A CN 201811107555A CN 109268067 B CN109268067 B CN 109268067B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for judging cold-proof drainage measures of tunnels in cold and severe cold regions, which comprises the steps of evaluating the solar radiation condition of tunnel portals, and analyzing the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portals in the cold and severe cold regions; calculating an environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula in combination with the average temperature of the coldest month at the tunnel entrance; and selecting cold-proof drainage measures by utilizing the calculated environment evaluation coefficient. The invention overcomes the defect that the cold-proof drainage measure judgment in the prior art cannot be theoretically, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, provides a calculation method with pertinence, and improves the accuracy of the cold-proof drainage measure judgment for tunnels in cold and severe cold areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel cold protection, in particular to a method for judging cold protection and drainage measures of tunnels in cold and severe cold areas.
Background
According to the general survey of tunnel freezing injury in severe cold areas established in China, tunnel freezing injury generally starts from local icing of drainage channels. Statistics is carried out on a newly-built high-speed railway tunnel in northwest of China, and the condition that a part of the tunnel is frozen after being built exists, so that driving safety is seriously threatened. Particularly, the tunnel portal is positioned in a region with a low temperature on a shade slope of a mountain, the icing problem is more prominent, and the judgment of the shade slope and the sunny slope of the mountain is directly influenced by solar radiation.
The key to prevent freezing injury is to perfect an effective drainage system and reliable cold-proof heat preservation measures. The main measures of the anti-freezing section of the tunnel in cold and severe cold areas in China are a cold-proof drainage tunnel, a central deep-buried ditch, a heat-preservation ditch and an electric tracing system. When the cold-proof drainage measures of the tunnel portal are designed, a quantitative calculation method is lacked according to the design experience of designers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for judging cold-proof drainage measures of tunnels in cold and severe cold regions, which comprehensively considers the influence factors such as solar radiation quantity, tunnel portal temperature and the like, calculates an environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula and selects corresponding cold-proof drainage measures.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the method for judging the cold-proof drainage measures of the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: evaluating the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal, and analyzing the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal in cold and severe cold areas;
step two: calculating an environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula in combination with the average temperature of the coldest month at the tunnel entrance;
step three: and selecting cold-proof drainage measures by utilizing the calculated coefficient.
In the first step, the climate environment of the tunnel portal is evaluated through three influence factors of an azimuth angle of a slope where the tunnel portal is located, a natural gradient and a geographical latitude, a solar radiation index of the tunnel portal is calculated, and the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal is judged; the formula for calculating the solar radiation index of the tunnel portal is shown in formula (1):
wherein, IθFor solar radiation at tunnel portalIndexes; i isDθThe intensity of direct solar radiation at the tunnel portal is obtained; i isdθThe intensity of the solar scattered radiation at the tunnel portal is obtained; i isRθObtaining the ground reflected radiation intensity for the tunnel portal; i isDNThe intensity of normal solar radiation refers to the intensity of direct solar radiation in the normal direction of the sun's rays, IDN＝I0×Pm，I0Is the solar constant, P is the atmospheric transparency coefficient, m is the atmospheric mass,
h is the solar altitude, I is the solar incident angle, cosi is cos θ sinh + sin θ coshcos (α - γ), γ is the azimuth of the inclined plane, α is the solar azimuth, I is the solar altitudeDHIntensity of direct solar radiation in horizontal direction, IDH＝IDNsinh＝I0Pmsinh；IdHIntensity of solar scattered radiation in horizontal direction
Theta is the inclination angle of the slope where the tunnel portal is located; rhoGThe surface reflectivity of the slope where the tunnel is located; i ishIs the total radiation intensity in the horizontal direction,
calculating an environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula; the environment evaluation coefficient is calculated by formula (2).
In the formula, T is the average temperature of the coldest moon at the opening, and is DEG C;
Iθ-a tunnel portal solar radiation index;
p is environment evaluation coefficient;
η — control parameter, η ═ 6.95, statistically derived from the established tunnel survey.
Each correlation coefficient involved in the second step is used for measuring a linear relation between two variables, and the calculation method is shown as formula (3):
where Cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, and Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y.
In step three, the cold-proof drainage measure determination conditions are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Cold-proof drainage measure judgment conditions
| Judging coefficient P | Main heat preservation measure |
| 0≤P＜0.36 | Is free of |
| 0.36≤P＜1.0 | Heat preservation ditch |
| 1.0≤P＜1.9 | Deep-buried central ditch |
| P≥1.9 | Cold-proof water drainage tunnel |
When the solar radiation index is calculated, part of variables are assigned, wherein the solar azimuth angle α is 0, the solar azimuth angle refers to the solar azimuth angle when the time is 12, the atmospheric transparency coefficient P is 0.722, and the earth surface reflectivity rho of the slope surface where the tunnel is locatedGIs 0.2; solar constant I01 is taken.
The formula for calculating the setting length of the heat preservation ditch is shown in formula (4):
the calculation formula of the setting length of the deep-buried central ditch is shown in formula (4):
the calculation formula of the setting length of the cold-proof spillway tunnel is shown in formula (6):
the invention has the following advantages:
the invention relates to a method for judging cold-proof drainage measures of tunnels in cold and severe cold areas, which comprises the following steps: evaluating the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal, and analyzing the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal in cold and severe cold areas; and calculating the environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula in combination with the average temperature of the coldest month at the tunnel entrance. And selecting cold-proof drainage measures by utilizing the calculated environment evaluation coefficient. The invention overcomes the defect that the cold-proof drainage measure judgment in the prior art cannot be theoretically, qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, provides a calculation method with pertinence, and improves the accuracy of the cold-proof drainage measure judgment for tunnels in cold and severe cold areas.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a method for judging cold-proof drainage measures of tunnels in cold and severe cold areas, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: evaluating the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal, and analyzing the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal in cold and severe cold areas;
step two: and calculating the environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula in combination with the average temperature of the coldest month at the tunnel entrance.
Step three: and selecting cold-proof drainage measures by utilizing the calculated coefficient.
The method for judging the cold-proof drainage measures of the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas is characterized in that in the step one, the weather environment of the tunnel portal is evaluated through three influence factors, namely an azimuth angle of a slope where the tunnel portal is located, a natural gradient and a geographical latitude, the solar radiation index of the tunnel portal is calculated, and the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal is judged. The formula for calculating the solar radiation index of the tunnel portal is shown in formula (1):
wherein, IθThe solar radiation index is the solar radiation index of the tunnel portal; i isDθThe intensity of direct solar radiation at the tunnel portal is obtained; i isdθThe intensity of the solar scattered radiation at the tunnel portal is obtained; i isRθObtaining the ground reflected radiation intensity for the tunnel portal; i isDNThe intensity of normal solar radiation refers to the intensity of direct solar radiation in the normal direction of the sun's rays, IDN＝I0×Pm，I0Is the solar constant, P is the atmospheric transparency coefficient, m is the atmospheric mass,
h is the solar altitude, I is the solar incident angle, cosi is cos θ sin h + sin θ cosh cos (α - γ), γ is the azimuth of the inclined plane, α is the solar azimuth, I is the solar azimuthDHIntensity of direct solar radiation in horizontal direction, IDH＝IDNsin h＝I0Pmsin h；IdHIntensity of solar scattered radiation in horizontal direction
Theta is the inclination angle of the slope where the tunnel portal is located; rhoGThe surface reflectivity of the slope where the tunnel is located; i ishIs the total radiation intensity in the horizontal direction,
the method for judging the cold-proof drainage measures of the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas is characterized in that in the second step, an environment evaluation coefficient is calculated by using a judgment formula. The environment evaluation coefficient is calculated by formula (2).
In the formula, T is the average temperature of the coldest moon at the opening, and is DEG C;
Iθ-a tunnel portal solar radiation index;
p is environment evaluation coefficient;
the average value of the correlation coefficients of the solar radiation and the setting lengths of the deep buried central ditch, the heat preservation ditch and the cold-proof drainage tunnel,
r1setting a length correlation coefficient r 'for solar radiation and deep-buried central ditch'1Setting a length correlation coefficient r for the solar radiation and the heat preservation ditch1"set up the length correlation coefficient for solar radiation and winter protection sluicing cave, wherein calculate and get
The average value of the correlation coefficient of the average temperature of the coldest month and the length of the deep buried central ditch (or the electric tracing heating wire),
r2setting a length correlation coefficient r 'for the coldest-month average air temperature and the deeply buried central ditch'2Setting a length correlation coefficient r for the average temperature of the coldest month and the heat preservation ditch2"is the correlation coefficient of the average temperature of the coldest month and the set length of the cold-proof drainage tunnel, and is calculated
η is the control parameter obtained from the survey statistics of the established tunnel, η is 6.95.
The correlation coefficient is used for measuring the linear relation between two variables, and the calculation method is shown as formula (3):
where Cov (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, and Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y.
The method for judging the cold-proof drainage measures of the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas is characterized in that in the third step, the cold-proof drainage measure judgment conditions are shown in a table 1:
TABLE 1 Cold-proof drainage measure judgment conditions
| Judging coefficient P | Main heat preservation measure |
| 0≤P＜0.36 | Is free of |
| 0.36≤P＜1.0 | Heat preservation ditch |
| 1.0≤P＜1.9 | Deep-buried central ditch |
| P≥1.9 | Cold-proof water drainage tunnel |
The tunnel portal solar radiation index calculation formula is characterized in that the solar radiation of the tunnel portal is influenced by factors such as solar ray incidence angle, terrain, cloud cover, portal micro-terrain and the like. China has few stations for directly measuring solar radiation, and a plurality of areas have no observed values of the solar radiation and need indirect calculation, so a solar radiation calculation model with simple form and few undetermined parameters needs to be selected in calculation. In order to simplify the calculation process, the invention assigns values to partial variables when calculating the solar radiation index, wherein:the sun azimuth angle α is 0, which means the sun azimuth angle at the time of 12, the P atmosphere transparency coefficient is 0.722, and the earth surface reflectivity rho of the slope surface where the tunnel is positionedGIs 0.2; solar constant I01 is taken.
The cold-proof drainage measure judgment condition is characterized in that the calculation formula of the setting length of the heat-preservation ditch is shown in a formula (4):
the cold-proof drainage measure judgment condition is characterized in that a calculation formula of the length of the deeply buried central ditch is shown in a formula (5):
the cold-proof drainage measure judgment condition is characterized in that a cold-proof drainage tunnel arrangement length calculation formula is shown in a formula (6):
the tunnel heat-insulation ditch in the cold and severe cold areas is provided with a length calculation formula, a deep-buried central ditch is provided with a length calculation formula, and a cold-proof drainage tunnel is provided with a length calculation formula, wherein the application range is as follows:
the fitting process of the tunnel heat-preservation ditch setting length calculation formula, the deep-buried central ditch setting length calculation formula and the cold-proof drainage tunnel setting length calculation formula in the cold and severe cold areas is established on the basis of the actually measured drainage channel icing length of the railway tunnel in the cold or severe cold areas in China, the tunnel position is in a high-altitude area with lower temperature in the northwest area of China, and the applicability of tunnels in other cold or severe cold areas such as the northeast of China needs to be further demonstrated;
limited by measured data, the tunnel heat-insulating ditch setting length calculation formula in cold and severe cold regions, the deep-buried central ditch setting length calculation formula and the cold-proof sluicehole setting length calculation formula are only suitable for tunnels with the heat-insulating ditch at the coldest-month average temperature of the tunnel entrance between-4.44 ℃ and-18.0 ℃ and the need of further verification on the adaptability of the tunnel entrance with the coldest-month average temperature lower than-18.0 ℃.
The invention is not limited to the examples, and any equivalent changes to the technical solution of the invention by a person skilled in the art after reading the description of the invention are covered by the claims of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for judging the cold-proof drainage measures of the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: evaluating the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal, and analyzing the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal in cold and severe cold areas;
step two: calculating an environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula in combination with the average temperature of the coldest month at the tunnel entrance;
step three: selecting cold-proof drainage measures by utilizing the calculated coefficient;
in the first step, the climate environment of the tunnel portal is evaluated through three influence factors of an azimuth angle of a slope where the tunnel portal is located, a natural gradient and a geographical latitude, a solar radiation index of the tunnel portal is calculated, and the solar radiation condition of the tunnel portal is judged; the formula for calculating the solar radiation index of the tunnel portal is shown in formula (1):
wherein, IθThe solar radiation index is the solar radiation index of the tunnel portal; i isDθThe intensity of direct solar radiation at the tunnel portal is obtained; i isdθThe intensity of the solar scattered radiation at the tunnel portal is obtained; i isRθObtaining the ground reflected radiation intensity for the tunnel portal; i isDNThe intensity of normal solar radiation refers to the intensity of direct solar radiation in the normal direction of the sun's rays, IDN＝I0×Pm，I0Is the solar constant, P is the atmospheric transparency coefficient, m is the atmospheric mass,
h is the solar altitude, I is the solar incident angle, cos I is cos θ sin h + sin θ cos (α - γ), γ is the azimuth of the inclined plane, α is the solar azimuth, I is the solar azimuthDHIntensity of direct solar radiation in horizontal direction, IDH＝IDNsin h＝I0Pmsin h；IdHIntensity of solar scattered radiation in horizontal direction
Theta is the inclination angle of the slope where the tunnel portal is located; rhoGThe surface reflectivity of the slope where the tunnel is located; i ishIs the total radiation intensity in the horizontal direction,
2. the method for determining the measures for preventing cold and draining water in the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
calculating an environment evaluation coefficient by using a judgment formula; the environment evaluation coefficient is obtained by calculation according to a formula (2);
in the formula, T is the average temperature of the coldest moon at the opening, and is DEG C;
Iθ-a tunnel portal solar radiation index;
p is environment evaluation coefficient;
the average value of the correlation coefficients of the solar radiation and the setting lengths of the deep buried central ditch, the heat preservation ditch and the cold-proof drainage tunnel,
r1setting a length correlation coefficient, r, for solar radiation and a deep-buried central ditch1' setting a length-related coefficient, r, for solar radiation and a thermal insulation ditch1"set up the length correlation coefficient for solar radiation and winter protection sluicing cave, wherein calculate and get
The average value of the correlation coefficient of the average temperature of the coldest month and the length of the deep buried central ditch (or the electric tracing heating wire),r2setting a length correlation coefficient r 'for the coldest-month average air temperature and the deeply buried central ditch'2Setting a length correlation coefficient r for the average temperature of the coldest month and the heat preservation ditch2"is the correlation coefficient of the average temperature of the coldest month and the set length of the cold-proof drainage tunnel, and is calculated
η — control parameter, η ═ 6.95, statistically derived from the established tunnel survey.
3. The method for determining the measures for preventing cold and draining water in the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
each correlation coefficient involved in the second step is used for measuring a linear relation between two variables, and the calculation method is shown as formula (3):
where Coy (X, Y) is the covariance of X and Y, Var [ X ] is the variance of X, and Var [ Y ] is the variance of Y.
4. The method for determining the measures for preventing cold and draining water in the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
in step three, the cold-proof drainage measure determination conditions are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Cold-proof drainage measure judgment conditions
。
5. The method for determining the measures for preventing cold and draining water in the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
when the solar radiation index is calculated, part of variables are assigned, wherein the solar azimuth angle α is 0, the solar azimuth angle refers to the solar azimuth angle when the time is 12, the atmospheric transparency coefficient P is 0.722, and the earth surface reflectivity rho of the slope surface where the tunnel is locatedGIs 0.2;solar constant I01 is taken.
6. The method for determining the measures for preventing cold and draining water in the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the formula for calculating the setting length of the heat preservation ditch is shown in formula (4):
7. the method for determining the measures for preventing cold and draining water in the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the calculation formula of the setting length of the deep-buried central ditch is shown in formula (4):
8. the method for determining the measures for preventing cold and draining water in the tunnel in the cold and severe cold areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein:
the calculation formula of the setting length of the cold-proof spillway tunnel is shown in formula (6):
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| CN111794802B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-06-24 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel central drainage ditch temperature determination method, device, equipment and medium |
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| CN102678174A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel drainage system passing through permafrost region and non-frozen ground region and arrangement method thereof |
| CN103410563A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-27 | 同济大学 | Cold-proof draining tunnel |
| CN203441318U (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-02-19 | 董新平 | Full-automatic air curtain type cold-proof heat-preservation tunnel door used in cold and severe-cold regions |
| CN108278130A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-07-13 | 淮阴工学院 | A kind of tunnel in cold area temperature field monitoring device and its test method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102678174A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2012-09-19 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel drainage system passing through permafrost region and non-frozen ground region and arrangement method thereof |
| CN103410563A (en) * | 2013-07-23 | 2013-11-27 | 同济大学 | Cold-proof draining tunnel |
| CN203441318U (en) * | 2013-09-16 | 2014-02-19 | 董新平 | Full-automatic air curtain type cold-proof heat-preservation tunnel door used in cold and severe-cold regions |
| CN108278130A (en) * | 2017-12-07 | 2018-07-13 | 淮阴工学院 | A kind of tunnel in cold area temperature field monitoring device and its test method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 寒区隧道冻害预测与对策研究;苏林军;《中国硕士研究生学位论文》;20070630;第23-60页 * |
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