CN109266866A - Copper concentrate bath smelting technique - Google Patents
Copper concentrate bath smelting technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN109266866A CN109266866A CN201710764037.5A CN201710764037A CN109266866A CN 109266866 A CN109266866 A CN 109266866A CN 201710764037 A CN201710764037 A CN 201710764037A CN 109266866 A CN109266866 A CN 109266866A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0028—Smelting or converting
- C22B15/003—Bath smelting or converting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention belongs to Copper making production technical fields, and in particular to a kind of copper concentrate bath smelting technique；Specific step is as follows for the bath smelting technique: (1) carrying out the ingredient of bath smelting raw material and fuel, the bath smelting raw material is made of copper concentrate, quartz sand, returning charge；(2) oxygen-enriched air is sent into the slag layer of copper concentrate smelting furnace, forms clinker froth bed, fuel is added into copper concentrate smelting furnace with copper concentrate, adjusting the slag temperature in smelting furnace molten bath is 1240 DEG C -1260 DEG C；(3) bath smelting raw material is added into copper concentrate smelting furnace, bath smelting is carried out in clinker froth bed and is discharged respectively after the copper matte regulus and clinker of output realize clarification and separation in cupola well；The characteristics of copper concentrate bath smelting technique provided by the invention is not easy to form diaphragm, and copper matte regulus and clinker effectively can be clarified and be separated again, has technological operation high safety, and thermal stability is good, and Copper in Slag amount is low, clinker is easy to dilution.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Copper making production technical fields, and in particular to a kind of copper concentrate bath smelting technique.
Background technique
The bath smelting technique of copper concentrate includes Mitsubishi's furnace, Ausmelt furnace and the Isa furnace of top blast, side-blown Te Nien
Special furnace, silver furnace, noranda furnace, Wa Niukefu furnace, oxygen-enriched bilateral blown converter etc..Wherein, Wa Niukefu furnace and oxygen-enriched bilateral blown converter
Belong to shaft (tower) furnace, fusion process are as follows: furnace charge is added by furnace roof, and smelted product and clinker flow to furnace bottom, is discharged from furnace bottom.Due to
The fusion process of shaft (tower) furnace is to complete in furnace charge flow process from top to bottom, therefore the furnace body of shaft furnace is higher, has and accounts for
The advantages such as ground is small, and bed ability is big.However, current Wa Niukefu furnace and oxygen-enriched bilateral blown converter, which exist, is easy to happen foamed slag splash
It is uneconomical etc. all that technology accident, First air, Secondary Air region are easy growth furnace knot, the easy felt jam of flue, slag depletion method
More defects, thus limit their use.Such as Chinese invention patent application number CN201511007195.3 and
ZL200820135242.1 individually discloses a kind of vertical double side-blown smelting furnaces and a kind of copper-nickel ore smelting furnace, the former is shallow molten
Pond, though being not easy to form diaphragm, slag blanket height is smaller, and the smelting slag residence time is short, and copper matte regulus and clinker are difficult to obtain effectively clear
Cleer and peaceful separation；And though the latter is deep molten bath, when smelting high-grade copper matte regulus, the viscous time is long, easily formation diaphragm, influences to melt
Refining.
Summary of the invention
Both be not easy to be formed diaphragm the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind, copper matte regulus and clinker can obtain effectively clarifying again with
Isolated copper concentrate bath smelting technique has technological operation high safety, and thermal stability is good, the low feature of Copper in Slag amount.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: a kind of copper concentrate bath smelting technique, specific steps
It is as follows:
(1) ingredient of bath smelting raw material and fuel is carried out, the bath smelting raw material is by copper concentrate, quartz sand, returning charge
It constitutes；
(2) oxygen-enriched air is sent into the slag layer of copper concentrate smelting furnace, forms clinker froth bed, with copper concentrate to melting
Fuel is added in furnace, adjusting the slag temperature in smelting furnace molten bath is 1240 DEG C -1260 DEG C；
(3) bath smelting raw material is added into smelting furnace, carries out bath smelting in clinker froth bed, the copper matte regulus of output and
After clinker realizes clarification and separation in cupola well, it is discharged respectively.
About step (1), the preparation of bath smelting raw material and fuel is actually to use two-stage batching, level-one burden process
For main burden process, it is arranged near concentrate library, by the output doses of weighing belt control bath smelting raw material, and matches into raw material
Enter a certain proportion of fuel.B grade mixture material is auxiliary burden process, i.e. preparation coke powder/lump coal, is arranged in smelting furnace charging scffold
Near.Compared with the mode for there was only a gradating material in the prior art, B grade mixture material of the present invention has following two o'clock advantage: its
First is that the melt temperature and melt emission status that can be detected according to stokehold, are incorporated suitable coke before bath smelting raw material enters furnace
Powder can accurately adjust melt temperature to target value.The second is when peroxidating situation occurs in melt in furnace, it can be appropriate by putting into
Coke powder restored, can control the generation of Foam Slag Technology accident.Particularly, coke powder can also be replaced with lump coal.
Specifically, bath smelting raw material and fuel are to be delivered to copper concentrate smelting furnace charging scffold by belt conveyer
In neighbouring surge bunker, quantitatively fed from each surge bunker to each feed opening of copper concentrate smelting furnace furnace roof.Due to each buffering
One belt feeder and a measuring belt conveyer are set under storehouse, quantifying feed so can be achieved.Each surge bunker is corresponding simultaneously
Two feed openings, feed opening uniformly configure on copper concentrate melting furnace roof, so can guarantee the uniform cloth on furnace body length direction
Material, and then it is avoided that the technology accident that foamed slag occurs.
Occurrence cause about Foam Slag Technology accident: when slag melt peroxidating in furnace, wherein there is a large amount of Fe3O4,
When the clinker of the copper concentrate and peroxidating that are added in furnace contacts, violent redox reaction will occur, produce in a short time
Raw a large amount of SO2Gas is escaped from clinker, since the viscosity of clinker is larger, thus will be generated rapidly in clinker a large amount of
Foam has a large amount of melt and sprays metallurgical furnace and accident occurs when serious.
About the composition and dosage of bath smelting raw material in copper concentrate smelting furnace, can according to the total dosage of copper concentrate,
Fuel that the composition of different copper concentrates and proportion scale, thermal balance, the MaterialBalance Computation of setting obtain and quartz sand flux
Proportion etc. determines the feeding quantity of copper concentrate, quartz sand, fuel etc., the surge bunker being sent on charging scffold after mixing, by surge bunker
It is added after metering into furnace.Preferably, fuel in step (1) is coke powder or broken coal, and fuel: copper concentrate=0.02-0.05:
1。
About step (2), since clinker froth bed is the reaction zone of bath smelting, the quality formed is related to molten
Can refining reaction uniform, stable carry out.The most critical factor for affecting clinker froth bed quality is the static deep of clinker froth bed
The uniformity of degree, the uniformity of charging and primary air nozzle air-supply, if the static depth of clinker froth bed is too low or charging/air-supply
Unevenly, then just will appear part copper concentrate oxygen debtization, small part copper concentrate is not aoxidized, is formed raw material and is fallen into the feelings of cupola well
Condition, in this way, the slag layer in cupola well is uneven, temperature is low, and slag mobility is deteriorated, and copper matte regulus-clinker separation difficulty causes Copper in Slag
It increases, a large amount of raw material enter smoke evacuation system, dust rate is caused to increase, the technology troubles such as smoke evacuation system blocking.Preferably, described
Clinker froth bed static depth is 300mm-500mm, and clinker foam layer height is 2-2.5m.In fact, the height of clinker froth bed
Degree and uniformity again and the oxygen concentration of oxygen-enriched air, air quantity and are blown into pressure, the position of primary air nozzle and clinker froth bed temperature
The uniformity of degree is related.Oxygen-enriched air is blown into furnace by the primary air nozzle being immersed in clinker froth bed, oxygen-enriched air concentration
It is 70%~90%, being blown into pressure is 100~120kPa, and primary air nozzle is horizontally disposed, the static state of the above slag layer of primary air nozzle
Depth is 300mm-500mm, slag temperature is 1240 DEG C -1260 DEG C in cupola well, 1200 DEG C -1240 DEG C of copper matte regulus temperature.It is a small amount of raw
In uniform thickness slag layer interaction redox reaction can occur for material and under-oxidized copper concentrate in cupola well, aoxidize raw material
Fusing, makes Fe3O4It is reduced, vulcanizes and its content is reduced to lower level, peroxidating and under-oxidized material reach in cupola well
To amount balance and generate uniform melt, and then reduce Copper in Slag, will not occur containing Fe3O4High dry slag layer.
Specifically, clinker and copper matte regulus temperature are precisely adjusted by the realization of coke powder described in step (2)；Primary air nozzle
Place adds tuyere puncher, guarantees that air-supply is uniform.Under above-mentioned high temperature, hyperoxia gesture and the strong stirring action of oxygen-enriched air, furnace
Clinker in slag froth bed is uniformly dispersed, and a stabilization, the uniform reaction environment of oxidation can be so provided for melting reaction, is guaranteed
Thermal stability is good in furnace body, and degree of oxidation is uniform, and extent of peroxidation is low.
About step (3), first, melting reaction is carried out in clinker froth bed, and fusion process is as follows: continuously sending
The oxygen-enriched air entered in slag layer consumingly stirs clinker, and the copper concentrate for being continuously added froth bed carries out continuously clinker
Ground reduction, vulcanization, are formed by copper matte regulus drop and continuously wash to clinker, clinker-copper matte regulus is fully clear in deep cupola well
Sorting to reduce slag from containing in this way, " reduction-sulfurization-washing-stirring-clarification " four elements of slag depletion can be integrated in one
Amount of copper creates advantageous condition.
Specifically, the clinker in froth bed can be obtained by the following two kinds approach when new smelting furnace blow-on: first is that with wood
Bavin lights coke, melts cold copper matte regulus and clinker etc. with coke and forms molten bath, as cold blow-on；Second is that coming from the transhipment of other smelting furnaces
Slag melt pours into cupola well and forms molten bath, as hot blow-on.In addition, furnace can be continuously generated in smelting furnace in fusion process
Slag, and the clinker generated can be continuously flowed out from overflow port.Clinker reaches balance in generation and outflow, guarantees clinker foam
The height of layer is constant.
The second, copper concentrate smelting furnace of the present invention is using deep hearth structure, it is preferred that the cupola well depth is
1.5-1.9m, center line 500-550mm of the top surface of cupola well apart from primary air nozzle, the height of copper matte regulus liquid level is 700mm- in cupola well
1200mm.Cupola well is opposing stationary region except the stirring range of primary air nozzle.Deep cupola well provides for copper matte regulus and clinker
Enough storage spaces and adequately clarification, disengaging time, can reduce the copper content in clinker.In addition, in order to maintain cupola well
Thermal balance prevents the generation of furnace knot and diaphragm, and cupola well is by insulating refractory brick masonry, wherein furnace bottom refractory brick height 1.1-
1.3m, furnace wall refractory brick thickness 700-900mm, outermost uses clay brick heat-insulation and heat-preservation, in this way, cupola well can pass through smelting zone
Reaction heat carries out self-heat conserving, is not necessarily to fuel.
Processing method about clinker: the first is in matte grade less than 62%, clinker Fe/SiO2When for 1.1-1.3,
Less than 0.6%, clinker does not need to handle by dilution furnace again the Copper in Slag of output, can sell outside direct-water-quenching.Be for second
Matte grade is greater than 62%, clinker Fe/SiO2When greater than 1.3, the clinker cupric of output is greater than 0.6%, and clinker is laggard in slow cooling
Tailing is selected in row flotation processing.Specifically, oxygen/material ratio in furnace can be sent by control, so that the matte grade of output
For 50%-75%；The Fe/SiO of clinker is controlled by controlling the quartz sand ratio of ingredient2In 1.1-2.0.
Above-mentioned technical proposal generate beneficial effect be: by oxygen-enriched air be sent into slag layer in after, can be formed stablize,
Uniform clinker froth bed, in clinker froth bed temperature and bath composition uniformly, oxygen/material than uniform, degree of oxidation is uniform, thus
It is less prone to foamed slag accident, while being avoided that and generating excessive Fe3O4There is diaphragm with raw material.Copper concentrate is steeped in clinker
The dilution process of melting oxidation reaction and clinker can be completed at the same time in foam layer, react generation clinker and copper matte regulus in deep cupola well into
Row fully realize " reduction-sulfurization-washing-stirring-clarification " under the stirring action of hyperoxia gesture and oxygen-enriched air by clarified separation
Synchronous effect, the clinker copper content of acquisition is low.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of smelting furnace in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To further explain technical solution disclosed by the invention, it is described further below by way of 3 examples:
Embodiment 1:
A kind of copper concentrate bath smelting technique, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bath smelting raw material and fuel are prepared respectively, and the bath smelting raw material is by copper concentrate, quartz sand, returning charge structure
At fuel is coke powder or broken coal；
(2) oxygen-enriched air is blown into slag layer 10 by the primary air nozzle 30 being immersed in slag layer 10, forms 2m's high
Clinker froth bed, fuel is added into copper concentrate smelting furnace, and working the slag temperature is 1240 DEG C；30 level of primary air nozzle is set
It sets in smelting furnace along the two sidewalls on furnace body length direction, the static depth of 30 or more slag layer 10 of primary air nozzle is 300mm；
Oxygen-enriched air concentration is 70%, and the pressure that is blown into of oxygen-enriched air is 100kPa；
(3) bath smelting raw material, fuel and copper are added into smelting furnace from 2 feed openings 40 with the charging rate of 70t/h
The ratio of concentrate is 0.05:1, and bath smelting raw material carries out bath smelting, the copper matte regulus that bath smelting obtains in clinker froth bed
It is fallen into clinker in the cupola well 20 of lower part and is clarified and separated；The cupola well 20 is located at below molten bath, depth 1.5m, cupola well
Center line 520mm of 20 top surface apart from primary air nozzle 30, the height of copper matte regulus liquid level is 700mm in cupola well 20；It is clarified and point
From rear, the clinker of bath surface is discharged by overflow port, directly carry out Water Quenching or slow cooling-ore dressing processing and be discarded or
It sells；The copper matte regulus of 20 bottom of cupola well is discharged into copper matte regulus packet by siphon port 50, send PS to bessemerize or using continuous converting work
Skill produces blister copper；High-temperature flue gas flows into waste heat boiler recovery waste heat, send acid plant relieving haperacidity after gathering dust, flue dust return smelting furnace or
It is directly outer to sell.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of copper concentrate bath smelting technique, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) bath smelting raw material and fuel are prepared respectively, and the bath smelting raw material is by copper concentrate, quartz sand, returning charge structure
At fuel is coke powder or broken coal；
(2) oxygen-enriched air is blown into slag layer 10 by the primary air nozzle 30 being immersed in slag layer 10, forms 2.5m high
Clinker froth bed, be added fuel into copper concentrate smelting furnace, working the slag temperature is 1250 DEG C；The primary air nozzle 30 is horizontal
Smelting furnace is set along the two sidewalls on furnace body length direction, the static depth of 30 or more slag layer 10 of primary air nozzle is
400mm；Oxygen-enriched air concentration is 80%, and the pressure that is blown into of oxygen-enriched air is 110kPa；
(3) bath smelting raw material, fuel and copper are added into smelting furnace from 3 feed openings 40 with the charging rate of 90t/h
The ratio of concentrate is 0.03:1, and bath smelting raw material carries out bath smelting, the copper matte regulus that bath smelting obtains in clinker froth bed
It is fallen into clinker in the cupola well 20 of lower part and is clarified and separated；The cupola well 20 is located at below molten bath, depth 1.7m, cupola well
Center line 500mm of 20 top surface apart from primary air nozzle 30, the height of copper matte regulus liquid level is 1200mm in cupola well 20；It is clarified and point
From rear, the clinker of bath surface is discharged by overflow port, directly carry out Water Quenching or slow cooling-ore dressing processing and be discarded or
It sells；The copper matte regulus of cupola well bottom is discharged into copper matte regulus packet by siphon port 50, send PS to bessemerize or using continuous converting technique
Produce blister copper；High-temperature flue gas flows into waste heat boiler recovery waste heat, and acid plant relieving haperacidity is sent after gathering dust, and flue dust returns to smelting furnace or straight
Connect outer sell.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of copper concentrate bath smelting technique, the specific steps are as follows:
It prepares bath smelting raw material respectively and fuel, the bath smelting raw material is made of copper concentrate, quartz sand, returning charge,
Fuel is coke powder or broken coal；
(2) oxygen-enriched air is blown into slag layer 10 by the primary air nozzle 30 being immersed in slag layer 10, forms 3m's high
Clinker froth bed, fuel is added into copper concentrate smelting furnace, and working the slag temperature is 1260 DEG C；30 level of primary air nozzle is set
It sets in smelting furnace along the two sidewalls on furnace body length direction, the static depth of 30 or more slag layer 10 of primary air nozzle is 500mm；
Oxygen-enriched air concentration is 90%, and the pressure that is blown into of oxygen-enriched air is 120kPa；
(3) bath smelting raw material, fuel and copper are added into smelting furnace from 4 feed openings 40 with the charging rate of 120t/h
The ratio of concentrate is 0.02:1, and bath smelting raw material carries out bath smelting, the copper matte regulus that bath smelting obtains in clinker froth bed
It is fallen into clinker in the cupola well 20 of lower part and is clarified and separated；The cupola well 20 is located at below molten bath, depth 1.9m, cupola well
Center line 550mm of 20 top surface apart from primary air nozzle 30, the height of copper matte regulus liquid level is 1000mm in cupola well 20；It is clarified and point
From rear, the clinker of bath surface is discharged by overflow port, directly carry out Water Quenching or slow cooling-ore dressing processing and be discarded or
It sells；The copper matte regulus of cupola well bottom is discharged into copper matte regulus packet by siphon port 50, send PS to bessemerize or using continuous converting technique
Produce blister copper；High-temperature flue gas flows into waste heat boiler recovery waste heat, and acid plant relieving haperacidity is sent after gathering dust, and flue dust returns to smelting furnace or straight
Connect outer sell.
Copper concentrate is smelted using technology utilization smelting furnace provided by the invention, in matte grade less than 62%, furnace
Slag Fe/SiO2When less than 1.3, clinker Fe3O4Content is lower than 8%, is far below Fe3O4Saturated concentration, no Fe3O4It is precipitated, no cross
Diaphragm occurs；It is 62%-70%, clinker Fe/SiO in matte grade2When less than 1.3, clinker Fe3O4Content be lower than 10%, also without
Diaphragm occurs.In addition, Copper in Slag is lower than 0.6% when matte grade is less than 62%, continue to extend settling time, Copper in Slag
Hardly change；Even if being clarified using electric furnace further progress, Copper in Slag is also only reduced to 0.58% from 0.6%.It can be seen that
Bath smelting technique provided by the invention is both not easy to form diaphragm, and copper matte regulus-clinker can effectively be clarified in cupola well again
Separation.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of copper concentrate bath smelting technique, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
(1) ingredient of bath smelting raw material and fuel is carried out, the bath smelting raw material is made of copper concentrate, quartz sand, returning charge；
(2) oxygen-enriched air is sent into the slag layer (10) of copper concentrate smelting furnace, forms clinker froth bed, with copper concentrate to melting
Fuel is added in furnace, adjusting the slag temperature in smelting furnace molten bath is 1240 DEG C -1260 DEG C；
(3) bath smelting raw material is added into smelting furnace, bath smelting, the copper matte regulus and clinker of output are carried out in clinker froth bed
After realizing clarification and separation in cupola well (20), it is discharged respectively.
2. copper concentrate bath smelting technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fuel in the step (1) is coke
Powder or broken coal, fuel: copper concentrate=0.02-0.05:1.
3. copper concentrate bath smelting technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the clinker foam in the step (2)
Layer height is 2m-2.5m, and oxygen-enriched air is blown into furnace by the primary air nozzle (30) being immersed in clinker froth bed.
4. copper concentrate bath smelting technique as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the primary air nozzle (30) is horizontally disposed
In smelting furnace along the two sidewalls on furnace body length direction, the static depth of primary air nozzle (30) the above slag layer (10) is
300mm-500mm。
5. copper concentrate bath smelting technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the oxygen-enriched air in the step (2)
Concentration is 70%~90%, and the pressure that is blown into of oxygen-enriched air is 100kPa~120kPa.
6. copper concentrate bath smelting technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that bath smelting is former in the step (3)
Material is added in furnace by the equally distributed feed opening of smelting furnace furnace roof (40), and the charging rate of each feed opening (40) is 30t/h-
35t/h。
7. copper concentrate bath smelting technique as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the depth of the cupola well (20) is
1.5m-1.9m, center line 500mm-550mm of the top surface of cupola well (20) apart from primary air nozzle (30), the interior copper matte regulus liquid of cupola well (20)
The height in face is 700mm-1200mm.
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| CN110629036A (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2019-12-31 | 中国瑞林工程技术股份有限公司 | Continuous copper smelting equipment and copper smelting method |
| CN111101001A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN111101001B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2023-06-16 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | One-step nickel smelting system and one-step nickel smelting method |
| CN113667832A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-19 | 云南铜业股份有限公司西南铜业分公司 | Smelting method of copper concentrate with complex components |
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