CN109261689B - Comprehensive utilization method of solid waste in whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ore - Google Patents
Comprehensive utilization method of solid waste in whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN109261689B CN109261689B CN201811045083.0A CN201811045083A CN109261689B CN 109261689 B CN109261689 B CN 109261689B CN 201811045083 A CN201811045083 A CN 201811045083A CN 109261689 B CN109261689 B CN 109261689B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization method of solid wastes in the whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ores, which is characterized in that the optimum percentage of the crushed stones in a mixture of tailings and crushed stones is obtained according to the principle that the content of each heavy metal element in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones meets the national standard principle and the principle that the content of a grain group with the diameter of the tailings larger than 0.075mm exceeds 50 percent, the condition of the water content is controlled within the range of 13-17 percent of the optimum water content in the preparation process of an engineering filling material, the materials are compacted in a layering manner, and the CBR value is determined through experiments to ensure that the strength requirement of the engineering filling material is met. Meanwhile, leaching experiments can be carried out by the self-made device, and the practical application stage can be carried out when the leaching concentration of the heavy metal of the mixed aggregate is detected to be lower than the national standard. The invention realizes the requirement of solid waste reduction in the whole process of copper ore smelting production, changes waste into valuable, and simultaneously can avoid occupation of a large amount of engineering backfill earthwork requirements on cultivated land and turns harm into benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method of solid wastes, belongs to the technical fields of metallurgy, building materials, environmental rock and soil and the like, and particularly relates to a comprehensive utilization method of solid wastes of multi-metal sulfide ores.
Background
The production process usually adopted for copper ore smelting is as follows: and (3) recovering valuable components such as copper, gold, silver, sulfur, iron and the like by a copper-sulfur mixed flotation-mixed fine regrinding-copper-sulfur separation-floating tail magnetic separation process. The high-alkali wastewater containing a large amount of solid suspended matters and flotation reagents generated in the beneficiation process is collected in tailing pulp, tailings of a beneficiation plant are graded, coarse sand is used for underground filling, micro-fine tailings are subjected to concentration-efficient filter pressing-filter cake dry discharge and stockpiling, and overflow and filtrate are sent to a tailing pond.
The whole process from copper ore mining to smelting generates a large amount of solid wastes, including: 1) mining the remaining crushed rock material; 2) polymetallic sulphide ore tailings. Particularly, a large amount of fine-particle copper tailings are stacked in a tailing pond and cannot be well treated, so that a large amount of farmland cultivated land is occupied, and the surrounding environment is easily damaged.
How to carry out reduction treatment and resource utilization on various wastes generated in the whole smelting process is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a scientific and reasonable comprehensive resource method with high speed and large treatment capacity, aims to comprehensively utilize the waste in the whole process of producing the multi-metal sulfide ore integrally, and is a reduction scheme for comprehensively treating the waste in the whole process of mining and smelting the copper ore.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a comprehensive utilization method of solid wastes in the whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ores, and the method is used for recycling and reprocessing tailings and broken stones generated in the process of smelting and producing copper ores so as to form an engineering filling material, and the method comprises the following steps: step one, determining the optimal ratio of the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones: according to the principle that the content of each heavy metal element in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones is within the national standard control range, selecting proper first crushed stones in percentage by mass m1Selecting proper second crushed stone mass percent m according to the principle that the content of the grain group with the grain diameter of the tailings larger than 0.075mm in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones exceeds 50 percent2Taking the mass percent m of the first crushed stone1And the second crushed stone mass percentBim2The maximum value of (2) is taken as the mass percentage of the crushed stones in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones; step two, preparing the engineering filling material: firstly, mixing tailings and gravels according to the optimal proportion, uniformly mixing and paving, and in the construction process, adopting a wet compaction technology to control the water content of the tailing and gravel mixed soil to be layered and rolled under the condition that the optimal water content is 13-17%; step three, checking the engineering filling material: sampling the mixed soil sample under the condition of the same proportion for parallel detection, adopting a leaching test during detection, testing the concentration of heavy metal elements in a leaching solution to be compared with the national standard, and entering an engineering application link if the leaching concentration of various heavy metal elements is lower than the national standard.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the content of each heavy metal element in the mixture of the copper tailings and the crushed stones is obtained by adopting a leaching experiment horizontal oscillation method.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the contents of various heavy metals in the crushed stones are lower than the national standard, and the contents of part of the heavy metals in the tailings exceed the national standard.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the first step, the particle size distribution of the tailings is analyzed and obtained by a laser particle size analyzer.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step one, the maximum particle size of the crushed stone is less than or equal to 20 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in step one, the crushed stone has an average particle size of not more than 5 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the second step, the copper tailings and the crushed stones are mixed uniformly and then compacted layer by layer to form the engineering filling material, and the thickness of each layer is not more than 100 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the second step, the copper tailings and the crushed stone are mixed uniformly and then compacted in a layering manner to form the engineering filling material, and the water content is controlled to be 13-17% of the optimal water content.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the two main raw materials adopted by the method are both from the copper ore smelting production process, belong to two kinds of waste materials passively produced in the production process, do not have the conditions of regeneration, recycling and the like, and can cause comprehensive influences and hidden dangers of environment, ecology and the like if stacked in large quantity.
2. The mixed aggregate comprises the following components: the tailings and crushed stone can be uniformly prepared in a factory according to proportion specifications, and can be mixed and compacted on site according to an engineering compaction method only by being transported to an engineering site, so that commercial production can be realized.
3. Through analysis of a large number of experimental samples, practice tests prove that the method can ensure that the compaction strength of the mixed aggregate can meet the index requirements of national standard 'highway subgrade design standard' and can meet the strength requirements of roads of various grades on and off road beds.
4. The main device adopted in the leaching experiment can use PVC drain pipes and the like as raw materials, the self-control is realized, and the self-testing method is simple and convenient. Through repeated experimental inspection, the leaching concentration of heavy metals in the mixed aggregate trial-produced by the method is lower than the national standard, and part of the heavy metals in the mixed aggregate are far lower than the national standard (the 'hazardous waste identification standard leaching toxicity identification' (GB 5085.3-2007)) and meet the environmental protection requirement.
5. The invention integrates various methods such as road engineering, environmental evaluation, geotechnical experiments and the like, makes a part of experimental devices by self, and provides a set of preparation scheme for completely preparing the tailing and mining gravel mixed aggregate. The method is simple and convenient, is easy to form large-scale commercial production, and has representative and popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a production process flow chart of the comprehensive utilization method of solid wastes in the whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ores;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a self-made leaching test device for the comprehensive utilization method of solid waste in the whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ores, provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a self-made leaching test device for the comprehensive utilization method of solid waste in the whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ores, provided by the invention;
in the figure: 1-a scaffold; 2, mounting a bearing platform; 3-a lower bearing platform; 4-high level water tank; 5-leaching experimental tube; 6-spraying structure; 7-a water outlet structure; 8-pebble bedding; 9-filtering the screen; 10-leaching the water outlet measuring cup; 11-an overflow pipe; 12-soil rapid saturation water inlet pipe; 13-a valve; 14-a waste liquid tank; 15-a snap ring; 16-an inclined strut; 5.1-cylindrical part; 5.2-funnel part; 6.1-a spray pipe; 6.2-spraying valve; 6.3-flow control switch; 7.1-water outlet pipe; 7.2-outlet pipe valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As can be seen from the flow chart of the comprehensive utilization method of the solid waste in the whole process of mining and smelting of the multi-metal sulphide ore shown in the attached drawing of the specification, the technical scheme of the invention is that,
firstly, identifying components, and respectively analyzing the heavy metal content in the extracted broken stone and smelting tailing leachate by adopting a leaching experiment horizontal oscillation method; the heavy metal content is required to be not more than the national standard, the heavy metal content in the mined crushed stone is usually far lower than the national standard, and part of indexes of the smelting tailings exceed the national standard. (specifically, actual measurement can be performed on different tailings samples)
Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the content of various heavy metal elements in the mixture formed by the copper tailings and the crushed stones does not exceed the national standard, the heavy metal elements exceeding the national standard in the tailings are converted into the first crushed stone mass percent m in the mixture of the copper tailings and the crushed stones according to the value that the content of the heavy metal elements exceeds the national standard and the corresponding element content ratio of the crushed stones1And the content of each element in the mixture is ensured to be within the national standard control range. Get m1And m2The maximum value of (A) is used as the crushed stone content control index of the mixture.
Further, the particle size distribution of the tailings is analyzed by methods such as a laser particle size analyzer; then crushing the mined crushed stone to the particle size of less than 5mm, wherein the maximum particle size is controlled not to exceed 20 mm. Sieving to remove fine particles with particle diameter below 0.075mm, and pulverizing the rest. According to the grain size composition of the tailings and the principle that the content of the grain group with the grain size of more than 0.075mm exceeds 50%, the mass ratio of the crushed stones to the tailings is converted to obtain the second crushed stone mass percent m meeting the matching conditions of the engineering filling materials2。
And (3) forming a mixture by the tailings and the gravels according to the control values, controlling the water content of the mixture to be within the range of 13-17% of the optimal water content, compacting in layers, wherein the compaction thickness of each layer is not more than 100mm, and the mixture can be used for roadbed filling for engineering filling. And (3) taking a sample with the same proportion as the engineering filling material, carrying out leaching test comparison, and passing the aggregate under different compaction degree conditions through a self-made leaching experimental device. According to the soil leaching test procedure, the leaching concentration of the heavy metal elements is tested under the conditions of acid, alkali and pure water respectively, the leaching concentration is lower than the national standard, namely the qualified aggregate is obtained, and the qualified aggregate can be used as an excellent substitute for road, municipal road bed and building backfill foundation soil filling.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The implementation case is as follows:
the chemical composition of the tailings specimens was measured by an atomic absorption spectrometer (model: GBC AVANTA M) and an atomic fluorescence spectrometer (model: AFS-930), and the results are shown in the following table
TABLE 1 elemental content of copper tailings sand
According to table 1, by comparing with the standard of the second grade soil standard (industrial land) in the soil environment quality standard (GB15618-2008), it can be found that the other elements do not exceed the industrial land standard specified by the standard except that the copper element has a trace amount exceeding the standard (exceeding 8%).
By adopting laser particle size analysis, the composition of the sampled tailing sand particles is mainly distributed in the range of 0-100 um, and the particles smaller than 0.075mm account for 95 percent and almost completely consist of particles.
The determination of the minimum mix m of crushed stones is explained in detail below.
Step 1 (calculated according to the principle of reducing the percentage content of copper): since the copper element content is hardly detectable in the mining waste rock, in order to ensure that the copper content ratio of the copper tailings-crushed stone mixture does not exceed the above-mentioned standard, the mass percentage m of the first crushed stone in the mixture of tailings and crushed stone is converted according to the above-mentioned method1<10％。
Step 2 (calculating according to the particle composition to reach the engineering filling material requirement): according to the requirement of road filling base material, it is necessary to add coarse aggregate to make it become sandy soil filler. Therefore, at least coarse aggregate (particle diameter larger than 0.075 mm) is added in terms of particle size composition to contain a minimum second crushed stone mass percentage m2>20％。
According to the analysis, the minimum mixture ratio m of the crushed stones is 20%, namely the mass ratio of the crushed stones to the copper tailings is controlled to be 20:80, wherein the crushed stones are obtained by crushing and screening mining waste stones, as shown in fig. 1.
Verification of engineering mechanical effect of copper tailing and gravel mixture
The copper tailings and the crushed stones are mixed according to the proportion, and are compacted in a layered mode, and an instrument and equipment used for the test are provided with an electric compaction tester (model: STDJ-3A) to carry out a CBR compaction test (three groups in parallel), and the results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 2CBR test results (three groups in parallel)
According to table 2, the mixture is found to meet the specification requirements based on the specification of minimum strength and compactness of the road embankment and bed filler (as shown in tables 3 and 4) compared to "road bed design specification" (JTGD30-2015), which is found to be 7.2.
TABLE 3 minimum load ratio of bed CBR (Specification requirement)
Table 4 embankment minimum bearing ratio CBR (specification requirement value)
Verification of environmental influence effect of copper tailing and gravel mixture
In order to analyze the environmental influence of the mixture of the copper tailings and the crushed stones, the mixture is subjected to leaching experiments, an experimental device is made of materials such as a PVC drain pipe commonly used in engineering, the experimental device can be made according to the scheme, and the experimental device is simple, convenient and feasible and is shown in figure 2.
Filling the mixture of copper tailings and crushed stone with water content of 15% into the sample device according to different compactedness, leaching the solution with leaching nozzle (pH value of pure water is 7; natural precipitation is simulation water, SO is used4 2－：NO3 －9: 1 (mass ratio) of the acid mother liquor to prepare an acid solution with pH of 5.6). The leaching speed is determined according to the part 5 of the chemical pesticide environmental safety evaluation test criterion: the soil leaching test GB/T31270.5-2014 combines the maximum daily rainfall of 250.4mm (in 6 months of 1954), the maximum hourly rainfall of 52.2mm and the leaching speed of 0.87mm/min in the local area, and then an atomic absorption spectrometer (instrument model TAS-990) is used for measuring the exudation concentration of the heavy metals, as shown in the following table.
TABLE 5 exudation concentration analysis
Note: the pH value of the pure water is 7; natural precipitation is simulated water and SO4 2－：NO3 －9: 1 (mass ratio) of the acid mother liquor to prepare an acid solution with pH of 5.6.
Except for the three heavy metal elements shown in Table 5, no other heavy metal elements were leached out. The exudation amount of the three elements is very small, is far lower than the standard of 'hazardous waste identification standard leaching toxicity identification' (GB 5085.3-2007), and has negligible influence on the environment.
The leaching device adopted by the invention is a leaching test device for detecting the environmental influence of engineering materials, and comprises a bracket 1, wherein an upper bearing platform 2 and a lower bearing platform 3 are fixedly connected on the bracket 1, a high-level water tank 4 (used for collecting leaching stock solution) is fixedly connected on the upper bearing platform 2, a leaching experiment pipe 5 is fixedly connected on the lower bearing platform 3, the leaching experiment pipe 5 comprises a cylindrical part 5.1 (used for filling engineering filling materials) and a funnel part 5.2 which are mutually communicated, a spraying structure 6 communicated with the high-level water tank 4 is arranged at the upper end of the cylindrical part 5.1, a water outlet structure 7 is arranged at the lower end of the funnel part 5.2, a pebble cushion layer 8 and a filter screen 9 are arranged at the middle part of the funnel part 5.2, and a leaching water outlet measuring cup 10 is arranged at the lower end of the water outlet structure 7.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a soil body rapid saturation water inlet pipe 12 is disposed between the high-level water tank 4 and the leaching experiment pipe 5, one end of the soil body rapid saturation water inlet pipe 12 is communicated with the high-level water tank 4, the other end is communicated with the leaching experiment pipe 5, and a valve 13 is disposed in the soil body rapid saturation water inlet pipe 12. One end of the soil mass rapid saturation water inlet pipe 12 is communicated with a spray pipe 6.1 of the spray structure 6, and the other end is communicated with a funnel part 5.2 of the leaching experiment pipe 5.
The upper end of the cylindrical portion 5.1 is provided with an overflow pipe 11 communicating therewith. A waste liquid pool 14 is arranged below the overflow pipe 11. The spraying structure 6 comprises a spraying pipe 6.1 with a spray head, a spraying valve 6.2 for opening and closing and a flow control switch 6.3 for controlling flow and spraying speed. The water outlet structure 7 comprises a water outlet pipe 7.1 and a water outlet pipe valve 7.2. The lower bearing platform 3 is fixedly connected with a snap ring 15 used for connecting the leaching experiment pipe 5. The leaching experiment pipe 5 is a PVC pipe or a glass pipe. Inclined struts 16 are arranged between the bracket 1 and the upper bearing platform 2 and between the bracket 1 and the lower bearing platform 3.
It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed herein should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A comprehensive utilization method of solid wastes in the whole process of mining and smelting of multi-metal sulfide ores is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is used for recycling and reprocessing the tailings and the broken stones generated in the copper ore smelting production process to ensure that the tailings and the broken stones form an engineering filling material,
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, determining the optimal ratio of the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones:
according to the principle that the content of each heavy metal element in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones is within the national standard control range, selecting proper first crushed stone mass percent m1,
according to the principle that the content of the grain group with the grain size of the tailings larger than 0.075mm in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones exceeds 50 percent, selecting proper second crushed stones with the mass percentage of m2,
taking the maximum value of the mass percent of the first crushed stone m1 and the mass percent of the second crushed stone m2 as the mass percent of the crushed stones in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones;
obtaining the content of each heavy metal element in the mixture of the tailings and the crushed stones by adopting a leaching experiment based on a horizontal oscillation method; the content of various heavy metals in the crushed stone is lower than the national standard, and the content of partial heavy metals in the tailings exceeds the national standard; analyzing and obtaining the particle size distribution of the tailings by adopting a laser particle size analyzer; the maximum particle size of the crushed stone is controlled within 20 mm; the average particle size of the crushed stones is not more than 5 mm;
step two, preparing the engineering filling material:
firstly, mixing tailings and gravels according to the optimal proportion, uniformly mixing and paving, and in the construction process, adopting a wet compaction technology to control the water content of the tailing and gravel mixed soil to be layered and rolled under the condition that the optimal water content is 13-17%; uniformly mixing the tailings and the broken stones, and then compacting the mixture layer by layer to form an engineering filling material, wherein the compaction thickness of each layer is not more than 100 mm;
step three, checking the engineering filling material:
sampling the mixed soil sample under the condition of the same proportion for parallel detection, adopting a leaching test during detection, testing the concentration of heavy metal elements in a leaching solution to be compared with the national standard, and entering an engineering application link if the leaching concentration of various heavy metal elements is lower than the national standard.
2. The comprehensive utilization method of the solid wastes in the whole process of mining and smelting the multi-metal sulfide ores as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step two, adopting static pressure of a bulldozer → vibration rolling of a vibration road roller → rolling process of static pressure during layering rolling.
3. The comprehensive utilization method of the solid wastes in the whole process of mining and smelting the multi-metal sulfide ores as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the third step, the test device adopted by the leaching test is a leaching test device for detecting the environmental influence of the engineering material, which comprises a bracket (1), an upper bearing platform (2) and a lower bearing platform (3) are fixedly connected on the bracket (1), the upper bearing platform (2) is fixedly connected with a high-level water tank (4), the lower bearing platform (3) is fixedly connected with a leaching experiment pipe (5), the leaching experiment pipe (5) comprises a cylindrical part (5.1) and a funnel part (5.2) which are communicated with each other, the upper end of the cylindrical part (5.1) is provided with a spraying structure (6) communicated with the high-level water tank (4), the lower end of the funnel part (5.2) is provided with a water outlet structure (7), the middle part of the funnel part (5.2) is provided with a pebble cushion layer (8) and a filter screen (9), the lower end of the water outlet structure (7) is provided with a leaching water outlet measuring cup (10).
4. The comprehensive utilization method of the solid wastes in the whole process of mining and smelting the multi-metal sulfide ores as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the high-level water tank (4) with be provided with the quick saturated inlet tube of soil body (12) between leaching experiment pipe (5), the quick saturated inlet tube of soil body (12) one end with high-level water tank (4) intercommunication, the other end with leaching experiment pipe (5) intercommunication, be provided with valve (13) in the quick saturated inlet tube of soil body (12).
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