CN109259869A - A kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device and its application method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109259869A CN109259869A CN201811191849.6A CN201811191849A CN109259869A CN 109259869 A CN109259869 A CN 109259869A CN 201811191849 A CN201811191849 A CN 201811191849A CN 109259869 A CN109259869 A CN 109259869A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cta
- body surface
- marking auxiliary
- auxiliary device
- surface marking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000899 Gutta-Percha Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000342 Palaquium gutta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000588 gutta-percha Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001062009 Indigofera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010968 computed tomography angiography Methods 0.000 description 33
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002601 radiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004872 soft tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3937—Visible markers
- A61B2090/395—Visible markers with marking agent for marking skin or other tissue
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3966—Radiopaque markers visible in an X-ray image
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
- A61B2090/3983—Reference marker arrangements for use with image guided surgery
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices, shell including plastic material, the groove of shell lower end surface is set, in the groove and end face developing body concordant with shell lower end surface is set, and shell lower end surface and the attachment band for shell to be attached to human skin surface when using are set;In the coloring face of human skin surface's coloring when the end face of the developing body is provided with use.The present invention also provides the application methods of the CTA body surface marking auxiliary device simultaneously.The present invention can effectively assist CTA to position perforating branches blood vessel, can leave macroscopic mark point in patient body-surface corresponding position while CT scan develops, which can significantly improve the accuracy that CTA result is transferred to patient body-surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical instruments fields, and in particular to be a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device and its user
Method.
Background technique
With the application of microsurgical technique improved with various reconstruction technologies, free (flesh) flap of vascularization is moved
Plant, which gradually becomes, repairs the most common mode of oral and maxillofacial surgery incidence soft tissue defects.Since anterolateral thigh (flesh) flap relatively passes
Free (flesh) flap of uniting has many advantages, such as that blood supply is reliable, tissue mass is big, has become soft group of reconstruction oral and maxillofacial surgery incidence
It is optimal for one of valve to knit defect.However, human body anterolateral thigh area perforating branches vessel position and traveling are commonly present individual difference, therefore
Preoperative accurate positioning perforating branches blood vessel is one of the successful key factor of perforating branches (flesh) skin flap transplantation prosthetic.
The method of positioning perforating branches blood vessel is more at present, but not yet forms unified effective method both at home and abroad.Color Doppler
Ultrasonic examination (colordopplerultrasoundscan, CDS) be at present clinically positioning the common method of perforating branches blood vessel it
One, but its Shortcomings on perforating branches blood vessel of the three-dimensional imaging and display diameter of perforating branches blood vessel less than 5mm.Digital Subtraction blood vessel
Radiography (Digitalsubtractionangiography, DSA) is though perforating branches blood vessel can be accurately positioned, and time-consuming for it, and to invade
The operation of entering property has been rarely applied to the positioning of perforating branches blood vessel.Computed tomography blood vessel is made for the first time from Masia in 2006 etc.
Shadow art (Computed tomographyangiography, CTA) be applied to preoperative perforating branches blood vessel positioning since, CTA because its
Accuracy rate is high when preoperative positioning perforating branches blood vessel, can shorten that take the advantages such as valve and operating time constantly to have been reported for perforating branches blood vessel fixed
Position.
CTA is widely used in preoperative positioning perforating branches blood vessel to instruct producing for artery perforator flap and repairing for defective tissue at present
It is multiple to rebuild, but how accurately in patient body-surface corresponding site after finding suitable perforating branches blood vessel by CTA and three-dimensional reconstruction
The position for marking perforating branches blood vessel exit points is still to annoying clinician's a great problem.
In conclusion how effectively by CTA Scan orientation to perforating branches blood vessel be transferred to patient from iconography picture
It is a clinical problem urgently to be resolved that body surface, which be accurately positioned,.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device, CTA can effectively be assisted
Perforating branches blood vessel is positioned, macroscopic mark point can be left in patient body-surface corresponding position while CT scan develops, the mark
Note point can significantly improve the quiet true property that CTA result is transferred to patient body-surface.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The groove of shell lower end surface is arranged in a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device, the shell including plastic material, if
The developing body that in groove and end face is concordant with shell lower end surface, and setting are set in shell lower end surface and for inciting somebody to action when using
Shell is attached to the attachment band of human skin surface;It is coloured when the end face of the developing body is provided with use in human skin surface
Coloring face.
Further, the shell is provided in upper surface fetches handle convenient for what is taken.
Preferably, the developing body in Warm gutta percha injection groove by solidifying.
Preferably, the attachment band is medical dual-side glue.
Preferably, the coloring face is methylenum careuleum coating.
Based on foregoing teachings, the present invention also provides the application methods of the CTA body surface marking auxiliary device, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
S1, a CTA body surface marking auxiliary device is disposed respectively in body surface region two sides to be checked;
S2, body surface region to be checked is scanned using CTA, and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction processing, obtain each plane and 3-D graphic;
S3, the perforating branches blood vessel in conjunction with selected by each plane and 3-D graphic positioning, in 3-D graphic selected by measurement
Line segment L composed by the developing body of the CTA body surface marking auxiliary device of perforating branches blood exit points and any side1Length x, simultaneously
Measure line segment L1Line segment L composed by developing body with two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices2Angle, θ;
S4, two CTA body surface markings are determined in the coloured marking that body surface leaves according to two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices
The line segment L that auxiliary device is formed in the position of body surface, two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices in the position of body surface3, according to line segment
L3, length x and angle, θ determine selected perforating branches blood vessel exit points in the position of body surface.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) of the invention, production is simple, easy to use;
(2) it is moulded into due to developing body for Warm gutta percha, therefore it can develop in CT scan and effectively evade conventional metals body
Artifact problem existing for list notation object;
(3) production cost of the present invention is low and may be reused, and not will increase the expense of patient's row CTA inspection;
(4) due to having coloring face in developing body end face, therefore it can correspond to position in patient body-surface while CT scan develops
It sets and leaves macroscopic mark point, have during perforating branches vessel position is transferred to patient body-surface from iconography image
It plays an important role, CTA can effectively be assisted to position perforating branches blood vessel.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is structure sectional view of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the 3-D graphic schematic diagram when present invention uses.
Wherein, the corresponding title of appended drawing reference are as follows:
1- shell, 2- developing body, 3- attachment band, 4- colour face, and 5- fetches handle, 6- regional center to be checked, 7- perforating branches blood
Exit points, the developing body of 8-CTA body surface marking auxiliary device, 9- line segment L1, 10- line segment L2。
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment for explanation with reference to the accompanying drawing, and mode of the invention includes but not only limits
In following embodiment.
Embodiment:
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device, the shell 1 including plastic material are arranged in shell 1
The groove of lower end surface is arranged in the groove and end face developing body 2 concordant with 1 lower end surface of shell, and is arranged under shell 1
End face and the attachment band 3 for being used to be attached to shell 1 when using human skin surface;Wherein, groove is hemispherical, developing body 2
End face when being provided with use in the coloring face 4 of human skin surface's coloring, coloring face 4 is to be uniformly coated on 2 end face of developing body
Methylenum careuleum coating.Wherein, for developing body 2 by solidifying in Warm gutta percha injection groove, attachment band 3 is medical dual-side glue.
For convenient for shell 1 of taking, shell 1 is provided in upper surface and fetches handle 5.
The configuration of the present invention is simple, low cost can effectively assist CTA accurately to determine that perforating branches blood vessel is pierced by patient body-surface
The position of point.
As shown in figure 3, the application method of the CTA body surface marking auxiliary device of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
S1, a CTA body surface marking auxiliary device is disposed respectively in body surface 6 two sides of regional center to be checked;
S2, body surface region to be checked is scanned using CTA, and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction processing, obtain each plane and 3-D graphic;
S3, the perforating branches blood vessel in conjunction with selected by each plane and 3-D graphic positioning, in 3-D graphic selected by measurement
Line segment L composed by the developing body 8 of the CTA body surface marking auxiliary device of perforating branches blood exit points 7 and any side19 length x,
Line segment L is measured simultaneously19 and two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices developing body 8 composed by line segment L210 angle, θ;
S4, two CTA body surface markings are determined in the coloured marking that body surface leaves according to two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices
The line segment L that auxiliary device is formed in the position of body surface, two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices in the position of body surface3, according to line segment
L3, length x and angle, θ determine selected perforating branches blood vessel exit points 7 in the position of body surface.
Wherein, body surface region to be checked is perforating branches blood vessel region obtained by anatomical knowledge.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit protection model of the invention
It encloses, as long as that in body design thought of the invention and mentally makes has no the change of essential meaning or polishing, is solved
The technical issues of it is still consistent with the present invention, should all be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device, it is characterised in that: the shell (1) including plastic material is arranged in shell lower end
The groove in face, is arranged in the groove and end face developing body concordant with shell lower end surface (2), and setting shell lower end surface,
And the attachment band (3) for shell to be attached to human skin surface when using;When the end face of the developing body is provided with use
In the coloring face (4) of human skin surface's coloring.
2. a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the shell is in upper surface
It is provided with and fetches handle (5) convenient for what is taken.
3. a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the developing body is by warm
It is solidified in gutta-percha injection groove.
4. a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the attachment band is doctor
Use double-sided adhesive.
5. a kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the coloring face is Asia
First indigo plant coating.
6. the application method of the described in any item CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices of Claims 1 to 5, it is characterised in that: including such as
Lower step:
S1, a CTA body surface marking auxiliary device is disposed respectively in body surface region two sides to be checked;
S2, body surface region to be checked is scanned using CTA, and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction processing, obtain each plane and 3-D graphic;
S3, the perforating branches blood vessel in conjunction with selected by each plane and 3-D graphic positioning, measure selected perforating branches in 3-D graphic
Line segment L composed by the developing body of the CTA body surface marking auxiliary device of blood exit points and any side1Length x, measure simultaneously
Line segment L1Line segment L composed by developing body with two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices2Angle, θ;
S4, two CTA body surface marking auxiliary are determined in the coloured marking that body surface leaves according to two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices
The line segment L that device is formed in the position of body surface, two CTA body surface marking auxiliary devices in the position of body surface3, according to line segment L3, it is long
It spends x and angle, θ determines selected perforating branches blood vessel exit points in the position of body surface.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811191849.6A CN109259869B (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | CTA body surface marking auxiliary device and use method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811191849.6A CN109259869B (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | CTA body surface marking auxiliary device and use method thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109259869A true CN109259869A (en) | 2019-01-25 |
CN109259869B CN109259869B (en) | 2024-05-03 |
Family
ID=65197176
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201811191849.6A Active CN109259869B (en) | 2018-10-12 | 2018-10-12 | CTA body surface marking auxiliary device and use method thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN109259869B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111358553A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-03 | 宁波市第一医院 | Method and device for constructing perforator flap, computer equipment and storage medium |
CN116453114A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-07-18 | 西南医科大学附属口腔医院 | Pathological image analysis method, equipment and system based on deep learning |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201692063U (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-01-05 | 复旦大学 | Imaging marker used for positioning of CT and MRI navigation operation |
CN102224811A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-10-26 | 申勇 | Cervical spondylotic myelopathy experimental animal model and making method thereof |
CN203263392U (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-11-06 | 王玉东 | Magnetic resonance imaging focus body surface positioning paste |
CN107693133A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-02-16 | 山东朱氏堂医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of brainpan location of operation method based on Image-aided |
CN107714187A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-02-23 | 丁长青 | A kind of device that positioning scanning is assisted for the inspection of body surface small lesion |
CN107753122A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-06 | 陈高 | Mesh coordinate for medical image scanning body surface marking transfers membrane marker paster |
CN108451542A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-08-28 | 中国人民解放军第三〇九医院 | A kind of method for replacing lead point location using cotton balls when CT examination |
CN209827003U (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-12-24 | 西南医科大学附属口腔医院 | CTA body surface mark auxiliary device |
-
2018
- 2018-10-12 CN CN201811191849.6A patent/CN109259869B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN201692063U (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-01-05 | 复旦大学 | Imaging marker used for positioning of CT and MRI navigation operation |
CN102224811A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-10-26 | 申勇 | Cervical spondylotic myelopathy experimental animal model and making method thereof |
CN203263392U (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2013-11-06 | 王玉东 | Magnetic resonance imaging focus body surface positioning paste |
CN107714187A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2018-02-23 | 丁长青 | A kind of device that positioning scanning is assisted for the inspection of body surface small lesion |
CN107693133A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-02-16 | 山东朱氏堂医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of brainpan location of operation method based on Image-aided |
CN107753122A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-06 | 陈高 | Mesh coordinate for medical image scanning body surface marking transfers membrane marker paster |
CN108451542A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-08-28 | 中国人民解放军第三〇九医院 | A kind of method for replacing lead point location using cotton balls when CT examination |
CN209827003U (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-12-24 | 西南医科大学附属口腔医院 | CTA body surface mark auxiliary device |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111358553A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-03 | 宁波市第一医院 | Method and device for constructing perforator flap, computer equipment and storage medium |
CN111358553B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-08-10 | 宁波市第一医院 | Method and device for constructing perforator flap, computer equipment and storage medium |
CN116453114A (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2023-07-18 | 西南医科大学附属口腔医院 | Pathological image analysis method, equipment and system based on deep learning |
CN116453114B (en) * | 2022-12-14 | 2024-03-05 | 西南医科大学附属口腔医院 | Pathological image analysis method, equipment and system based on deep learning |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109259869B (en) | 2024-05-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Lin et al. | Artifact-resistant superimposition of digital dental models and cone-beam computed tomography images | |
TWI396523B (en) | System for facilitating dental diagnosis and treatment planning on a cast model and method used thereof | |
KR101292811B1 (en) | Intraoral apparatus with Marker for Merging Oromaxillofaical image and synchronization of Coordination | |
JP2008253808A (en) | Human body information extraction device, human body imaging information reference plane conversion method, and cross section information detection device | |
CN111166489B (en) | Control method and device for automatic puncture biopsy medical robot and robot | |
CN110432996A (en) | A kind of positioner for intracranial hematoma puncture and its localization method | |
CN109259869A (en) | A kind of CTA body surface marking auxiliary device and its application method | |
Lee et al. | Virtual skeletal complex model-and landmark-guided orthognathic surgery system | |
CN114343845A (en) | Dynamic focus position tracking method for auxiliary puncture system | |
KR102215068B1 (en) | Apparatus and Method for Registrating Implant Diagnosis Image | |
CN106780720B (en) | Medical image display method and device | |
CN209827003U (en) | CTA body surface mark auxiliary device | |
CN112545650A (en) | Navigation positioning method and system for dentistry | |
CN109700532B (en) | Individualized craniomaxillary face navigation registration guide plate and registration method thereof | |
CN104881511A (en) | Facial prosthesis three-dimensional data model, female mould box and prosthesis manufacturing method | |
KR20120009998A (en) | Tooth prosthesis with Reference Fitures for Image Process and Multiple Image Merging Method using the same | |
KR101443537B1 (en) | A computed tomography plate for manufacturing implant surgical guide | |
CN113040950B (en) | Personalized oral cavity implantation auxiliary guide plate and implantation method | |
WO2019184158A1 (en) | Method for preparing lung segment model quantified with inter-segmental marker | |
Mohamed et al. | Comparison of two impression techniques for auricular prosthesis: pilot study. | |
CN108354651A (en) | It is prepared using digitlization Space Reconstruction and 3D printing for determining that soft tissue surfaces substitute the method for cutting guide plate of flap size | |
CN111096781A (en) | Minimally invasive fracture reduction instrument and use method thereof | |
CN105411716A (en) | Method for directly measuring intercuspal positions of alveolar ridges of edentulous jaws | |
Chen et al. | 3D printing of drill guide template for access cavity preparation in human molars: a preliminary study | |
CN108670362A (en) | The method for cutting guide plate and determining cut soft tissue replacement flap volume is prepared using digitlization Space Reconstruction and 3D printing technique |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |