CN109259291B - Numerical method for predicting heat and mass transfer rule of tobacco shreds in roller tobacco dryer - Google Patents

Numerical method for predicting heat and mass transfer rule of tobacco shreds in roller tobacco dryer Download PDF

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CN109259291B
CN109259291B CN201811373807.4A CN201811373807A CN109259291B CN 109259291 B CN109259291 B CN 109259291B CN 201811373807 A CN201811373807 A CN 201811373807A CN 109259291 B CN109259291 B CN 109259291B
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顾丛汇
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/10Roasting or cooling tobacco
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24BMANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/04Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical method for predicting the heat and mass transfer rule of tobacco shreds in a roller tobacco dryer, which comprises the steps of dividing the roller tobacco dryer into a plurality of micro units at equal intervals along the axial direction, and establishing a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer aiming at the tobacco shreds and air flow in each micro unit; based on a mass conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a heat and mass balance equation, performing programming solution by using a computer language; calculating the retention time involved in the tobacco shred heat and mass transfer mathematical model by the tobacco shred motion model and the corrected empirical formula; measuring effective heat exchange coefficients and mass transfer coefficients of the tobacco shreds under different temperature and water content conditions by a test method, establishing a database, and directly calling database data which is programmed when calculating the temperature and the water content of the tobacco shreds along the axial direction of a roller tobacco dryer; and finally, inputting the operation parameters in the production process into a simulation system to obtain the outlet temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco and the temperature and water content change curve of the cut tobacco along the axial direction of the roller cut tobacco dryer.

Description

Numerical method for predicting heat and mass transfer rule of tobacco shreds in roller tobacco dryer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of chemical industry and tobacco, in particular to a method for measuring the heat and mass transfer rule of tobacco shreds in a roller tobacco dryer.
Background
Drying is a long-standing process, and the main purpose of drying is to remove moisture from materials, so as to facilitate storage, transportation, improve product quality and the like. In the cigarette making process, the tobacco shred drying is a key process in the tobacco shred making process. The heat and mass exchange characteristics of the cut tobacco are directly related to the whole drying or moisture regaining process, so that the moisture content of the particles, the filling capacity of the cut tobacco, the crushing rate of the rolling process and the sensory quality of finished cigarettes are influenced, and the heat and mass exchange characteristics are closely related to the final economic benefit of the cigarette products. In the tobacco shred production process, after the re-baked formula tobacco flakes are subjected to loosening and moisture regaining and charging modulation, the moisture content reaches the level favorable for tobacco deformation, then the tobacco flakes are cut into filiform particles, the moisture content of the tobacco shreds is high, and the cut tobacco shreds are dried to appropriate moisture content for the cigarette making and the cigarette storage of a cigarette making machine favorable for the tobacco shreds. At present, in the production process of the cigarette technology, the optimal operation parameters are usually obtained by adopting a method of debugging operation parameters on site and multiple tests, but the data of the moisture content and the temperature of the cut tobacco in the roller are difficult to measure in the drying process, the traditional experimental method can encounter the obstacles of large workload, high cost, long period, large energy consumption and the like, the production technology level still stays in the stage of operation depending on experience, the improvement of the quality of the cut tobacco is not facilitated, and the advantages of a cut tobacco dryer can not be exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a numerical method for predicting the change rule of the temperature and the water content of cut tobacco in the drying process of a roller cut tobacco dryer under different production conditions.
The technical scheme is as follows: a numerical method for predicting the heat and mass transfer rule of tobacco shreds in a roller tobacco dryer comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing mathematical models of the retention time of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer under different operating conditions; the experimental study is carried out on the retention time of the tobacco shreds in the roller under the conditions of different roller inclination angles, different rotating speeds and different shoveling plate structures, and the experimental study investigates the retention time of the tobacco shred particles in the roller under the conditions of different roller inclination angles (2 degrees, 2.5 degrees and 3 degrees), rotating speeds (8 revolutions per minute, 10 revolutions per minute and 12 revolutions per minute) and shoveling plate structures (2 shoveling plates, 4 shoveling plates and 6 shoveling plates). Then obtaining an empirical formula about the retention time of the cut tobacco after correction based on a Friedman and Marshall model; the empirical formula is programmed into a tobacco shred heat and mass exchange simulation system, and different operation parameters are input to obtain the retention time of the tobacco shreds in a roller tobacco dryer;
step two: establishing a database of effective heat exchange coefficients and mass transfer coefficients in the tobacco shred drying process; measuring effective heat exchange coefficients and mass transfer coefficients of the cut tobacco under different temperature and water content conditions by a test method, establishing a database for reading during prediction calculation, and directly calling database data programmed when calculating the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco along the axial direction of a roller cut tobacco dryer;
step three: establishing a heat and mass exchange mathematical model of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer under different operating conditions; establishing a mass conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a heat and mass balance equation in each control micro unit, and calculating the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco in each unit so as to obtain the change rule of the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer along the axial direction; and (3) taking the outlet temperature and the water content of the tobacco shred obtained by calculation in the ith micro unit as inlet parameters of the (i + 1) th micro unit, and repeating the steps to obtain the temperature and water content change rule of the tobacco shred in each micro unit.
In the second step, when the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco are between certain two values in the database, the cut tobacco is obtained by an interpolation method.
Preferably, in the third step, the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco in each unit are calculated by using a Jacob iteration method.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable progress: 1. the drying link in the cigarette processing technology is optimized, the heat and mass transfer rule of the cut tobacco in the drying process in the roller cut tobacco dryer under different operation conditions can be obtained through numerical simulation calculation according to the equipment size and the operation parameters in industrial production, and the outlet temperature and the moisture content of the cut tobacco are forecasted in advance. 2. Can greatly reduce production energy consumption and environmental pollution, improve production efficiency and is suitable for different operating conditions. 3. The measurement accuracy is high, the comparison and verification are carried out with different actual production results, and the relative error is within 10 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the division of the roller microcell;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a modeling calculation of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an interface of a Visual Basic language programming program;
FIG. 5 is an inlet interface for one of the procedures in the dry mode;
FIG. 6 is an input interface for operational parameters;
FIG. 7 is a calculation of moisture content of tobacco shreds and air flow.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the detailed implementation mode as follows:
as shown in figure 1, the invention adopts a method of dividing micro units, divides the roller cut tobacco dryer into a plurality of micro units with equal distance along the axial direction, and establishes a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer aiming at the cut tobacco and air flow in each micro unit. And performing programming solution by using a computer language based on a mass conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a heat and mass balance equation. The retention time related to the tobacco shred heat and mass transfer mathematical model can be calculated according to the tobacco shred motion model and the corrected empirical formula. The effective heat exchange coefficient and the mass transfer coefficient of the cut tobacco under the conditions of different temperatures and water contents are measured by a test method, the obtained test data is used for establishing a database, and the programmed database data is directly called when the temperature and the water contents of the cut tobacco along the axial direction of the roller cut tobacco dryer are calculated. And finally, inputting the operation parameters in the production process into a simulation system to calculate the outlet temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco and the temperature and water content change curve of the cut tobacco along the axial direction of the roller cut tobacco dryer.
The invention discloses a numerical method for predicting the heat and mass transfer rule of cut tobacco in a roller cut tobacco dryer, a computer software system is compiled based on the method, the size, the rotating speed, the inclination angle, the initial temperature, the water content, the mass flow, the temperature, the humidity and the flow velocity of air flow, the air flow and the movement direction (counter flow or smooth) of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer are input into the compiled software system, the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco along the axial direction of the roller in the drying process of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer can be output, and a drying curve of the cut tobacco is drawn.
The method is based on the mass conservation law and the energy conservation law, wet dispersion and air flow are influenced by the mixing effect of a feed port and a discharge port at two ends of a roller cut tobacco dryer, the cut tobacco movement and heat and mass transfer are complex, and the proportion of an inlet section and an outlet section of a roller occupying the length of the whole roller is small, so that the mathematical modeling is emphasized on the main drying section of the roller, and the area of the inlet section and the outlet section is not included. The drum is divided into a plurality of equidistant units along the axial direction of the drum, and a mass conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a heat and mass balance equation are established in each control microcell.
The method of the invention comprises the following main numerical processes:
the method comprises the following steps: and (3) establishing a mathematical model of the retention time of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer under different operation conditions. The experimental study is carried out on the retention time of the cut tobacco in the roller under different roller inclination angles, rotating speeds and shoveling plate structure conditions, and then an empirical formula about the retention time of the cut tobacco after correction is obtained based on a Friedman and Marshall model. The empirical formula is programmed into a tobacco shred heat and mass exchange simulation system, and different operation parameters are input to obtain the retention time of tobacco shreds in a roller tobacco dryer;
step two: and establishing a database of effective heat exchange coefficients and mass transfer coefficients in the tobacco shred drying process. Measuring effective heat exchange coefficients and mass transfer coefficients of the tobacco shreds under different temperature and water content conditions by an experimental method, establishing a database for reading during prediction calculation, and obtaining the effective heat exchange coefficients and the mass transfer coefficients by an interpolation method when the temperature and the water content of the tobacco shreds are between certain two values in the database;
step three: and (3) establishing a heat and mass exchange mathematical model of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer under different operating conditions. And establishing a mass conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a heat and mass balance equation in each control micro unit, and calculating the temperature and the water content of the tobacco shreds in each unit by using a Jacob iteration method. And (4) taking the outlet temperature and the water content rate of the tobacco shreds calculated in the micro unit i as the inlet parameters of the i +1 unit, and repeating the steps to obtain the temperature and water content change rule of the tobacco shreds in each micro unit.
Examples
As shown in fig. 2, the roller is divided into a plurality of micro units along the axial direction, and based on the following heat conduction, convective heat transfer and convective mass transfer formulas, the energy and mass conservation equation of the heat and mass transfer process in each unit is assumed that the cut tobacco in the roller is in a stable flowing state;
∑Qin=∑Qout(1)
Q1(i-1)+Q2(i-1)+Hp(i-1)+Hg(i-1)=Hp(i)+Hg(i) (2)
Q1(i-1)=α1F1(Tw-Tp(i-1)) (3)
Q2(i-1)=α2F2(Tw-Tg(i-1)) (4)
Hp(i-1)=Wdp(Cdp+X(i-1)CH2O)(Tp(i-1)-Tref) (5)
Hg(i-1)=Wdg(Cdg+Y(i-1)CV)(Tg(i-1)-Tref)+WdgY(i-1)r (6)
Figure BDA0001870202610000041
Figure BDA0001870202610000042
wherein, F1The range of (a) is 1/2-2/3 of the surface area of the roller, wherein the value is 0.6; f2Generally 1/3-1/2 of the surface area of the roller, wherein 0.4 is taken;
Q1(i-1)+Q3(i-1)=Qph+Qv+Qhv(9)
Q3(i-1)=α3F3(Tg(i-1)-Tp(i-1)) (10)
Qph=Wdp(Cdp+X(i)CH2O)(Tp(i)-Tp(i-1)) (11)
Qv=Wdp(X(i-1)-X(i))r (12)
Qhv=Wdp(X(i-1)-X(i))Cv(Tg(i)-Tp(i-1)) (13)
Figure BDA0001870202610000043
Figure BDA0001870202610000051
wherein, F3=Fm
Wdp(X(i-1)-X(i))=Wdg(Y(i)-Y(i-1)) (16)
M(i)=kmFm(cg(i)-cp(i))Mr(17)
M(i-1)=-WdgdY (18)
Figure BDA0001870202610000052
jH=StPr2/3(20)
Figure BDA0001870202610000053
jM=jH(22)
Figure BDA0001870202610000054
Wherein, taumThe average retention time of the cut tobacco in the roller is;
Figure RE-GDA0001911629490000055
the parameters in the above formula are defined as follows:
Cdg: the specific heat capacity of the dry air is kJ/kg.K;
Cdp: the specific heat capacity of the dry particles is kJ/kg.K;
cg(i) the method comprises the following steps The water concentration in the gas stream per unit volume is expressed in kmol/m3
CH2O: specific heat of water, unit is kJ/kg.K;
cp(i) the method comprises the following steps The water concentration in the granules per unit volume is kmol/m3
Cv: specific heat of the steam, with the unit of kJ/kg.K;
d: the inner diameter unit of the roller is m;
F1: the contact area of the tobacco shreds in the micro-units and the wall surface of the cylinder is m2
F2: the contact area of the wall surface of the inner cylinder of the microcell and the airflow is m2
F3: the contact area between the air flow in the micro-unit and the tobacco shred is m2
Hg: enthalpy of the gas flow, in units of W;
Hp: the enthalpy of the tobacco shreds, in W;
km: convective mass transfer coefficient in kg/m2·s;
Q1(i) The method comprises the following steps The heat conduction quantity of the tobacco shreds and the wall surface of the cylinder in the micro unit i is W;
Q2(i) the method comprises the following steps The convective heat exchange quantity between the wall surface of the inner cylinder of the microcell i and the airflow is W;
Q3(i) the method comprises the following steps The convection heat exchange quantity of the air flow and the tobacco shreds in the micro unit i is W;
Qhv: the heat required for water evaporation is in W;
Qph: the heat of the tobacco shreds is W;
Qv: latent heat of vaporization in units of W;
r: latent heat of vaporization of water, in kJ/kg;
Tg(i) the method comprises the following steps The temperature of the air flow in the microcell i is K;
Tp(i) the method comprises the following steps The temperature of the tobacco shreds in the micro unit i is K;
Tref: reference temperature in K;
Tw: the wall temperature of the roller is K;
Wdg: dry air mass flow rate in kg/s;
Wdp: the mass flow of the dry cut tobacco is kg/s;
x (i): the moisture content of the cut tobacco dry basis in the micro unit i is kg/kg;
y (i): the humidity of the air flow in the microcell i is kg/kg;
α1: the heat conductivity coefficient between the wall surface of the cylinder and the cut tobacco is W/m2·K;
α2: the convective heat transfer coefficient between the wall surface of the cylinder and the air flow is W/m2·K;
α3: the convective heat transfer coefficient between the tobacco shreds and the air flow is W/m2·K;
Programming and solving the formulas through Visual Basic language to obtain the temperature and the moisture content of the tobacco shreds in each micro unit and the temperature and the humidity of the air flow;
drawing a temperature and moisture content change curve of the cut tobacco in the roller and a temperature and humidity change curve of the air flow through Visual Basic language programming, and outputting the curves;
the heat and mass transfer rule of the tobacco shreds in the roller tobacco dryer is predicted by changing the operation parameters related in the formula, such as the roller rotating speed, the inclination angle, the tobacco shred inlet temperature, the tobacco shred mass flow, the air flow speed, the humidity, the roller wall surface temperature and the like.
FIG. 4 is an interface of a program written in Visual Basic language, illustrating that the three drying modes of the tumble dryer can be conveniently integrated into one program. Fig. 5 is an entry interface for one of the procedures in the dry mode. FIG. 6 is an input interface of operational parameters, illustrating that the temperature and moisture content change curves of the air flow and cut tobacco in the roller dryer can be obtained quickly by changing the operational parameters. FIG. 7 is the calculation result of the moisture content of the tobacco shred and the air flow, which illustrates that the above procedure can directly guide the air flow and the change situation of the tobacco shred in the roller tobacco dryer, and intuitively shows the heat and mass transfer rule of the tobacco shred in the roller tobacco dryer.
In conclusion, the invention can rapidly obtain the heat and mass exchange rules of the cut tobacco in the drying process of the roller cut tobacco dryer under the condition of multivariable (roller size, inclination angle, rotating speed, cut tobacco initial temperature, moisture content, mass flow, air flow temperature, humidity and speed, cut tobacco and air flow countercurrent and concurrent flow) by the method of dividing the roller cut tobacco dryer into a plurality of micro units along the axial direction.

Claims (2)

1. A numerical method for predicting the heat and mass transfer law of cut tobacco in a roller cut tobacco dryer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: establishing mathematical models of the retention time of tobacco shreds in a roller tobacco dryer under the conditions of different roller lengths, roller inner diameters, roller inclination angles, roller rotating speeds, tobacco shred mass flow rates, tobacco shred equivalent diameters and air flow speeds; the method comprises the following steps of carrying out experimental research on the retention time of cut tobacco in a roller under the conditions of different roller lengths, roller inner diameters, roller inclination angles, roller rotating speeds, cut tobacco mass flow rates, cut tobacco equivalent diameters and air flow rates, and obtaining an empirical formula about the retention time of the cut tobacco after correction based on a Friedman and Marshall model, wherein the empirical formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0002616691980000011
wherein, taumThe average retention time of tobacco shreds in the roller, D is the inner diameter of the roller, L is the length of the roller, S is the inclination angle of the roller, N is the rotating speed of the roller, SsIs the mass flow of tobacco shreds, dpIs the equivalent diameter of the tobacco shreds, G is the gas flow, 0.3344 and 0.6085 are constants;
the empirical formula is programmed into a tobacco shred heat and mass exchange simulation system, and the retention time of tobacco shreds in a roller tobacco dryer is obtained by inputting different roller lengths, roller inner diameters, roller rotating speeds, roller inclination angles, tobacco shred mass flow, tobacco shred equivalent diameters and air flow speeds;
step two: establishing a database of effective heat exchange coefficients and mass transfer coefficients in the tobacco shred drying process; measuring effective heat exchange coefficients and mass transfer coefficients of the cut tobacco under different temperature and water content conditions by a test method, establishing a database according to the effective heat exchange coefficients and the mass transfer coefficients, and directly calling database data which are programmed when calculating the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco along the axial direction of a roller cut tobacco dryer;
step three: dividing the roller cut-tobacco drier into a plurality of micro units with equal intervals along the axial direction by adopting a micro unit dividing method; changing parameters of the length of the roller, the inner diameter of the roller, the inclination angle of the roller, the rotating speed of the roller, the mass flow rate of the cut tobacco, the equivalent diameter of the cut tobacco and the air flow speed to obtain different operating conditions, and establishing a heat and mass exchange mathematical model of the cut tobacco in the roller cut tobacco dryer under the different operating conditions; establishing a mass conservation equation, an energy conservation equation and a heat and mass balance equation in each control micro unit, and calculating the temperature and the water content of the tobacco shreds in each micro unit; and (3) taking the outlet temperature and the water content of the tobacco shred obtained by calculation in the ith micro unit as inlet parameters of the (i + 1) th micro unit, and repeating the steps to obtain the temperature and water content change rule of the tobacco shred in each micro unit.
2. A numerical method for predicting the heat and mass transfer law of shredded tobacco in a rotary drum dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, when the temperature and the water content of the cut tobacco are between certain two values in the database, the cut tobacco is obtained by an interpolation method.
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Application publication date: 20190125

Assignee: Center for technology transfer Jiangsu University of Science and Technology

Assignor: JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Contract record no.: X2021980006173

Denomination of invention: Numerical method for predicting heat and mass transfer law of cut tobacco in drum dryer

Granted publication date: 20201002

License type: Common License

Record date: 20210714

EC01 Cancellation of recordation of patent licensing contract
EC01 Cancellation of recordation of patent licensing contract

Assignee: Center for technology transfer Jiangsu University of Science and Technology

Assignor: JIANGSU University OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Contract record no.: X2021980006173

Date of cancellation: 20210826