CN109257907B - Peak-regulating natural cooling device and design method thereof - Google Patents
Peak-regulating natural cooling device and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109257907B CN109257907B CN201810849990.4A CN201810849990A CN109257907B CN 109257907 B CN109257907 B CN 109257907B CN 201810849990 A CN201810849990 A CN 201810849990A CN 109257907 B CN109257907 B CN 109257907B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
- H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a peak-shaving natural cooling device and a design method thereof, wherein the peak-shaving natural cooling device comprises the following steps: the heat-storage plate comprises a heat-dissipation plate, a phase-change heat storage material and a plurality of fins; the heat dissipation plate is fixedly arranged on the surface of the equipment to be cooled through the side baffle, and the heat dissipation plate, the side baffle and the surface of the equipment to be cooled form a closed cavity; the closed cavity is filled with a phase-change heat storage material; one end of each fin is fixedly arranged on the surface of the equipment to be cooled, and the other end of each fin sequentially penetrates through the phase change heat storage material and the heat dissipation plate to extend to the outer side of the heat dissipation plate. The peak-shaving natural cooling device is applied to the natural convection cooling process of outdoor electronic equipment, can optimize the overall effect of natural convection heat dissipation of air, and shifts and uses the heat dissipation cooling capacity under different conditions in the time concept; the surface temperature of the outdoor equipment to be cooled can be maintained relatively stable by utilizing the heat dissipation cooling capacity during the period that the solar radiation is weakened or even disappears.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peak-shaving type natural cooling, and particularly relates to a peak-shaving type natural cooling device and a design method thereof.
Background
In the operation process of high heat flux density electronic equipment, electrical equipment, energy power equipment and the like in an outdoor environment, the equipment generates a large amount of heat, and meanwhile, the surface to be cooled of the equipment can be directly radiated by the sun.
When the sun is in a strong irradiation period, the temperature of outdoor air rises, and the natural convection heat dissipation effect on the surface of the equipment to be cooled is poor, so that the control and adjustment of the equipment can be greatly influenced, and the equipment can be shut down in severe cases. Especially high power equipment, can even reach several kilowatts per square meter of surface heat flux density. At the moment, the equipment depends on air natural convection and a pure expansion surface type strengthening mode such as ribs and the like, and the self heat dissipation requirement cannot be met. In addition, when sunlight irradiation weakens or even disappears, the outdoor environment temperature is reduced, and the natural convection cooling effect is obviously promoted when the total heat dissipation amount of the equipment to be cooled is reduced, so that the natural convection cooling can meet the heat dissipation requirement of the equipment to be cooled and has extra residual force.
In summary, the influence of the outdoor environment in different time periods on the natural convection heat dissipation capability of the equipment is different, so that the equipment is difficult to maintain at a relatively constant and proper operation temperature. In addition, adopt forced convection cooling mode also unsuitable in outdoor environment, adopt forced convection cooling mode can lead to equipment failure because abominable operational environment, and difficult discovery and maintenance when equipment breaks down can influence the security and the reliability of equipment operation more seriously, need a neotype cooling device urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a peak-shaving natural cooling device and a design method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems. The peak-shaving natural cooling device is applied to the natural convection cooling process of outdoor electronic equipment, can optimize the overall effect of natural convection heat dissipation of air, and shifts and uses the heat dissipation cooling capacity under different conditions in the time concept; the surface temperature of the outdoor equipment to be cooled can be maintained relatively stable by utilizing the heat dissipation cooling capacity during the period that the solar radiation is weakened or even disappears.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a peaking free cooling apparatus comprising: the heat-storage plate comprises a heat-dissipation plate, a phase-change heat storage material and a plurality of fins; the heat dissipation plate is fixedly arranged on the surface of the equipment to be cooled through the side baffle, and the heat dissipation plate, the side baffle and the surface of the equipment to be cooled form a closed cavity; the closed cavity is filled with a phase-change heat storage material; one end of each fin is fixedly arranged on the surface of the equipment to be cooled, and the other end of each fin sequentially penetrates through the phase change heat storage material and the heat dissipation plate to extend to the outer side of the heat dissipation plate.
Furthermore, the fins are replaced by heat pipes; the heat pipe is filled with gas-liquid phase change material.
Further, the coating also comprises a first coating layer for improving the emissivity; the first coating is fixedly arranged on the surface of the equipment to be cooled.
Further, the solar energy collector also comprises a second coating for reflecting sunlight; the second coating is fixedly arranged on the surface of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate, and the second coating is also fixedly arranged on the surface of the part of the fin extending out of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate.
Further, the height of the portion of the rib extending outside the heat dissipation plate is higher than the thickness of the boundary layer of the outer surface of the heat dissipation plate.
Furthermore, the fins are provided with a plurality of flow guide holes which are arranged along the flowing direction of the air flow.
A design method of a peak-shaving natural cooling device comprises the following steps:
step 1, analyzing a temperature field of the surface of equipment to be cooled and a temperature field and a flow field of natural convection heat exchange of the surface of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate to obtain the temperature distribution of the surface of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate, the change rule of the flow of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate and a temperature boundary layer and the velocity field distribution of surrounding air;
Furthermore, in step 2, the height of the fins is higher than the thickness of the boundary layer of the rising hot air outside the heat dissipation plate; the fin type, the arrangement type and the arrangement mode are designed and determined by taking the improvement of the surface heat exchange coefficient of the equipment to be cooled and the consideration of the cooling of the temperature extreme value area as indexes.
Furthermore, the volume of the phase-change heat storage material is selected according to the principle that the storage of the redundant heat after natural convection heat dissipation of the equipment to be cooled is realized in the sunlight irradiation period; the phase transition temperature is selected based on the temperature difference between the surface of the cooling plate and the equipment to be cooled and with reference to the reasonable equipment temperature of equipment operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention fully utilizes the cooling capacity during the period when the sunlight irradiation is weakened or even disappears to solve the problem that the equipment can not only rely on the natural convection of air to meet the self heat dissipation requirement when the sunlight irradiation is strong, the cooling capacity under different conditions is transferred and used on the time concept to optimize the integral effect of the natural convection heat dissipation of the air, and the temperature is not changed when the phase change material is subjected to phase change to ensure the relative stability of the surface temperature of the outdoor equipment to be cooled. The surface of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate are connected with each other through the fins, so that heat can be rapidly transferred from the surface of the equipment to be cooled to the heat dissipation plate, and then the heat is released to the environment through the fins on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate. The cooling plate can increase the area of natural convection heat exchange with the environment, and simultaneously avoids the surface of equipment to be cooled from absorbing solar radiation heat, thereby improving the natural cooling effect and effectively reducing the total heat dissipation amount. The phase-change heat storage material is positioned in a closed cavity formed by the heat dissipation plate, the side baffle and the surface of the equipment to be cooled, and is used for storing heat exceeding the natural convection cooling capacity when the surface heat flux density of the equipment to be cooled reaches a peak value and keeping the temperature uniformity of the surface of the equipment to be cooled. After the change of the environmental conditions, the heat stored in the phase-change heat storage material is released to the environment through the fins and through the natural convection of the surface of the fins. Specifically, when the sun is strongly irradiated and the natural convection heat transfer cannot meet the surface heat dissipation requirement of the equipment to be cooled, the heat is stored through the phase-change heat storage material. By the time the sun is diminished or even eliminated, the heat stored in the phase change material can be released to the surrounding environment again. Moreover, the temperature is constant in the phase change process, so that the method can ensure that the surface temperature of the equipment to be cooled keeps a relatively stable value, and relatively accurate control of the equipment temperature is realized.
Furthermore, the fins connecting the surface of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate can be replaced by utilizing the heat pipe, and the filling of the liquid phase change working medium in the heat pipe can more efficiently realize the transfer of heat from the surface of the equipment to be cooled to the heat dissipation plate.
Furthermore, the surface coating of the equipment to be cooled can effectively improve the heat radiation of the surface of the equipment to be cooled to the newly added wall surface, and further reduce the surface temperature of the equipment to be cooled. Meanwhile, the limitation that the coating for improving the radiance cannot be used on the surfaces of some equipment to be cooled due to coating requirements is avoided.
Furthermore, the outside of the heat dissipation plate and the fins in the environment additionally reflect sunlight, so that the coating for absorbing solar radiation is reduced, and the total heat dissipation capacity of the equipment can be reduced.
Furthermore, the fins extend out of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate, so that the development of a boundary layer can be effectively damaged, the surface heat exchange coefficient of equipment to be cooled is improved, a local low-pressure area is formed behind the fins, surrounding fluid is introduced into a wake area, and the heat exchange capacity of the wake area is further improved. Moreover, the heat dissipation area of the surface of the equipment to be cooled, which is contacted with air, can be greatly expanded by adding the fins, so that the heat dissipation effect of the equipment can be effectively improved.
Furthermore, for the high fins, in order to prevent the high fins from influencing the ascending motion of airflow, the fins can be perforated, so that the weight of the fins is reduced, and airflow channels are formed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the overall structure of a peaker natural cooling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic left side view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat pipe of the peaker natural cooling device of the present invention;
in fig. 1 to 3, 1, the surface of the device to be cooled; 2. a heat dissipation plate; 3. ribs; 4. a phase change heat storage material; 5. a heat pipe; 6. and (3) gas-liquid phase change material.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the peak-shaving natural cooling device of the present invention is suitable for peak-shaving natural cooling of high heat flux density equipment, and includes a heat dissipation plate 2, a phase change heat storage material 4, a first coating layer for increasing radiance, a second coating layer for reflecting sunlight, and a plurality of fins 3. The fins 3 can be replaced by heat pipes; the heat pipe 5 is filled with gas-liquid phase change material 6. The heat dissipation plate 2 is fixedly arranged on the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled through the side baffle, and the heat dissipation plate 2, the side baffle and the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled form a closed cavity; the closed cavity is filled with a phase-change heat storage material 4; one end of each fin 3 is fixedly arranged on the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled, and the other end of each fin 3 sequentially penetrates through the phase change heat storage material 4 and the heat dissipation plate 2 and extends towards the outer side of the heat dissipation plate 2. The first coating is fixedly arranged on the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled. The second coating is fixedly arranged on the surface of the outer side of the heat distribution plate 2 and also on the surface of the part of the fins 3 extending outside the heat distribution plate 2. The height of the parts of the fins 3 extending outside the heat distribution plate 2 is higher than the thickness of the boundary layer on the outer side surface of the heat distribution plate 2. The fins 3 are provided with a plurality of flow guide holes which are arranged along the flowing direction of the air flow. In the invention, the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled and the inner surface of the heat dissipation plate 2 are mutually connected through the fins 3, so that the heat can be rapidly transferred from the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled to the heat dissipation plate 2, and then the natural convection heat dissipation is accelerated by utilizing the fins 3 extending from the heat dissipation plate 2 to the surrounding environment. The shape and area of the heat radiating plate 2 can be flexibly selected according to the surface shape of the device, the intensity and angle of the solar radiation, the ambient temperature, and other conditions. The peak-regulating natural cooling device mainly aims at outdoor electronic equipment, electrical equipment, energy power equipment and the like with high heat flow density, which can not meet the requirement of natural convection heat dissipation and needs to maintain the surface temperature uniformity of the equipment; can optimize the whole effect of the natural convection heat dissipation of air, shift the cooling power of using under the different conditions in the time concept, make full use of solar radiation weakens the cooling power even during disappearing, maintains outdoor cooling equipment surface 1 temperature relatively stable, has solved the important problem that awaits the solution in fields such as industrial production, military science and technology. After being heated on the surface of the heat dissipation plate 2, the air can vertically flow upwards along the heat dissipation plate 2, in the flowing process, the boundary layer is gradually increased, and the heat exchange coefficient of the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled is reduced. Therefore, the fins 3 are arranged on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate 2, the development of a boundary layer can be effectively damaged, the heat exchange coefficient of the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled is improved, a local low-pressure area is formed behind the fins, surrounding fluid is introduced into a wake area, and the heat exchange capacity of the wake area is further improved. Moreover, the addition of the fins 3 can greatly expand the heat dissipation area of the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled, which is in contact with air, and can effectively improve the heat dissipation effect of the equipment. In addition, for the rib 3 having a large size, in order to prevent it from affecting the ascending movement of the air flow, a punching process may be performed on the rib 3, which not only reduces the weight of the rib 3, but also forms an air flow passage. And a phase-change heat storage material is filled between the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate 2. In the strong solar irradiation period, the equipment cannot meet the self heat dissipation requirement only by air natural convection, and at the moment, the phase-change material is utilized to absorb and store the redundant heat after the surface of the equipment is cooled by natural convection so as to assist the fins 3 to control the temperature; when solar radiation is reduced, the heat storage material can release heat to the environment and return to a solid state. The heat which can not be dissipated in time through the fins 3 when the solar radiation is strong is stored through the phase-change heat storage material, and is released after the solar radiation is weakened and the ambient temperature is reduced. The main purpose of adopting phase-change material is that the natural convection heat transfer capability of the fins 3 is transferred to the environment with higher temperature or lower wind speed or lower sunshine and the like, the peak shaving use of the natural convection heat transfer capability of the equipment is realized, and the fins 3 are reduced on the premise of ensuring the temperature of the equipment to be cooled, thereby improving the economical efficiency. Moreover, the temperature is constant in the phase change process, so that the equipment is ensured to operate and maintain a relatively stable temperature environment, and the safety and reliability of the equipment operation are improved.
Example 1
The invention relates to a peak regulation type natural cooling structure of high heat flow density equipment, which comprises a surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled, a heat dissipation plate 2 and fins 3. The fins 3 connect the surface 1 of the device to be cooled with the heat distribution plate 2 and continue to extend outside the heat distribution plate 2, and here the fins 3 can be replaced by heat pipes 5. The cavity between the equipment surface 1 to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate 2 is filled with a phase-change heat storage material 4. The shape and area of the heat dissipation plate can be flexibly selected according to the conditions of the surface shape of the equipment, the irradiation intensity and angle of sunlight, the environmental temperature and the like. The coating on the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled can effectively improve the heat radiation of the surface of the equipment to be cooled to the newly added wall surface, and further reduce the surface temperature of the equipment to be cooled. Meanwhile, the limitation that the coating for improving the radiance cannot be used on the surfaces of some equipment to be cooled due to coating requirements is avoided. The fins 3 on the outer surface of the heat sink 2 and on the outer side of the heat sink 2 may be sprayed with a coating that reflects sunlight, reduces the absorption of solar radiation heat, and reduces the total heat dissipation. The fins can be full solid fins or fins with holes in the middle. The fins 3 on the outside of the heat radiating plate 2 are required to have a height larger than the thickness of the boundary layer of the updraft on the outside of the heat radiating plate 2. The section shape, arrangement and arrangement mode of the fins 3 can be flexibly set according to the change rule of the flow and temperature boundary layer at the outer side of the heat dissipation plate 2, the velocity field distribution of surrounding air and other conditions. The phase-change heat storage material 5 is positioned between the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate 2, and is used for storing heat exceeding the natural convection cooling capacity when the heat flow density of the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled reaches a peak value by utilizing the phase-change latent heat of the phase-change heat storage material and keeping the temperature uniformity of the surface of the equipment to be cooled. After the change of the environmental conditions, the heat stored in the phase-change heat storage material 5 is released to the environment through the fins and through natural convection of the surface thereof, and returns to the solid state. The shape, arrangement and arrangement mode of the heat pipe 5 are the same as those of the fins 3, the heat pipe is filled with a gas-liquid phase change material 6, and heat is transferred to the external environment from the surface 1 of the equipment to be cooled more efficiently through working medium phase change.
The design method of any one of the natural convection heat transfer optimization structures is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1: and analyzing the temperature field of the surface of the equipment to be cooled and the temperature field and the flow field of natural convection heat transfer outside the heat dissipation plate to obtain the temperature extreme value area and the average temperature of the surface of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate, the change rule of the flow outside the heat dissipation plate and the temperature boundary layer and the velocity field distribution of the surrounding air.
2: and designing the types, arrangement and arrangement modes of the fins on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate according to the change rule of the flow and temperature boundary layer on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate and the velocity field distribution of the surrounding air. Firstly, the height of the fins is higher than the thickness of a boundary layer of hot air rising from the outer side of the heat dissipation plate, secondly, geometric optimization is carried out by taking the surface heat exchange coefficient of the equipment to be cooled which is promoted to the maximum extent as an index, and efficient cooling of a temperature extreme value area is considered. In order to further enhance the natural convection heat transfer, the height of the fins can be increased, and the fins are provided with holes to avoid influencing the flow in the vertical direction of the airflow, or the fins are replaced by heat pipes.
3: and selecting the volume of the phase-change heat storage material required to be filled between the surface of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate and the corresponding phase-change temperature according to the heat flow conditions and the temperature distribution of the surface of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate and the local solar irradiation condition. The volume selection standard of the phase-change heat storage material is that the storage of the redundant heat after natural convection heat dissipation of the equipment to be cooled can be completely realized when the strong sunlight irradiation period is met. The phase-change material is in contact with the heat dissipation plate and performs heat exchange, and the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material needs to be selected by considering the surface temperature difference between the heat dissipation plate and the equipment to be cooled and referring to the reasonable equipment temperature of equipment operation.
4: and a coating is added on the surface of the equipment to be cooled, so that the heat radiation from the surface of the equipment to be cooled to the newly added wall surface is effectively improved, and the surface temperature of the equipment to be cooled is further reduced. The parameters such as the material, the thickness and the like of the spraying coating of the fins on the outer surface of the heat dissipation plate and the outer side of the heat dissipation plate mainly aim at reflecting sunlight to the maximum extent, reducing the absorption of solar radiation heat and not influencing the natural convection heat exchange efficiency, and effectively reduce the total heat dissipation capacity.
The invention relates to a peak regulation type natural cooling structure of high heat flow density equipment and a design method thereof. The heat dissipation plate can prevent the surface temperature of the equipment to be cooled from rising due to direct radiation of sunlight, and reduce the total heat quantity required to be dissipated to the environment by the equipment. The surface of the equipment to be cooled rapidly transfers heat to the heat dissipation plate through the fins connected with the equipment to be cooled, and then natural convection heat exchange is accelerated by means of the fins on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate. Wherein, the fin can use the heat pipe to replace to realize the quick heat transfer to the heating panel of equipment surface to be cooled more efficiently. The phase-change heat storage material has the characteristics of keeping the temperature unchanged and storing heat when a phase-change process occurs. Therefore, the phase-change heat storage material filled between the surface of the device to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate can realize peak shaving of heat, the cooling capacity during the period that sunlight irradiation is weakened or even disappears is fully utilized, and the problem that the device cannot meet the self heat dissipation requirement only by air natural convection when the sunlight irradiation is strong is solved, so that the overall effect of air natural convection heat dissipation is optimized, the surface temperature of the outdoor device to be cooled is kept relatively stable, and the safety and reliability of the operation of the device are improved.
Claims (3)
1. A peak shaving free-cooling device, comprising: the heat dissipation plate (2), the phase change heat storage material (4) and a plurality of fins (3);
the heat dissipation plate (2) is fixedly arranged on the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled through the side baffle, and the heat dissipation plate (2), the side baffle and the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled form a closed cavity; the closed cavity is filled with a phase-change heat storage material (4);
one end of each fin (3) is fixedly arranged on the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled, and the other end of each fin (3) sequentially penetrates through the phase change heat storage material (4) and the heat dissipation plate (2) and extends towards the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2);
the design of the type, the arrangement and the arrangement mode of fins on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate is carried out according to the change rule of the flow and the temperature boundary layer on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2) and the velocity field distribution of the surrounding air;
the height of the part of the fin (3) extending out of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2) is higher than the thickness of a boundary layer on the outer side surface of the heat dissipation plate (2);
the fins (3) are provided with a plurality of flow guide holes which are arranged along the flowing direction of the airflow;
further comprising a first coating for increasing emissivity; the first coating is fixedly arranged on the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled;
a second coating layer for reflecting sunlight; the second coating is fixedly arranged on the surface of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2), and the second coating is also fixedly arranged on the surface of the part of the fin (3) extending out of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2).
2. A peaker cooler unit according to claim 1, characterised in that the fins (3) are replaced by heat pipes (5); the heat pipe (5) is filled with a gas-liquid phase change material (6).
3. A method of designing a peaked natural cooling device as defined in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, analyzing a temperature field of a surface (1) of equipment to be cooled and a temperature field and a flow field of natural convection heat transfer of the outer side surface of a heat dissipation plate (2) to obtain temperature distribution of the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate (2), and change rules of flow and a temperature boundary layer of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2) and velocity field distribution of surrounding air;
step 2, designing the type, arrangement and arrangement mode of the fins (3) on the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2) according to the temperature distribution of the heat dissipation plate (2), the change rule of the outer side flow and the temperature boundary layer obtained in the step 1 and the distribution of the velocity field of the surrounding air;
step 3, determining the volume and the corresponding phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material (4) filled between the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate (2) according to the heat flow conditions and the temperature distribution of the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled and the heat dissipation plate (2) and the solar irradiation condition of the place where the equipment to be cooled is located;
step 4, designing and determining a material of a first coating attached to the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled by taking the heat radiation of the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled to the heat dissipation plate (2) as an index; the material of the second coating layer attached to the surface of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2) and the surface of the part of the fins (3) extending out of the outer side of the heat dissipation plate (2) is designed and determined by taking the reflected sunlight without influencing the natural convection heat exchange efficiency as an index;
in the step 2, the height of the fins (3) is higher than the thickness of the boundary layer of the rising hot air outside the heat dissipation plate (2); the method comprises the following steps of designing and determining the type, arrangement type and arrangement mode of fins (3) by taking the heat exchange coefficient of the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled as an index and taking the cooling of a temperature extreme value area into consideration;
the volume of the phase-change heat storage material (4) is selected according to the principle that the storage of the redundant heat after natural convection heat dissipation of the equipment to be cooled is realized in the sunlight irradiation period; the phase transition temperature is selected based on the temperature difference between the heat dissipation plate (2) and the surface (1) of the equipment to be cooled and with reference to the reasonable equipment temperature of the equipment operation.
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