CN109256807A - A kind of photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design - Google Patents
A kind of photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters designs, the described method includes: the structure of selection inverter, establish photovoltaic generating system simulation model, the maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracking effect based on perturbation observation method is studied, the photovoltaic battery array model under the optimal working condition of photovoltaic cell is obtained；Obtain corresponding DC/DC converter model；Obtain corresponding DC/AC inverter model；Inverter structure type based on selection, the cell array model under the optimal working condition of photovoltaic cell, the DC/DC converter model of acquisition and DC/AC inverter model, filter model, equivalent external electrical network model, build the simulation model of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter；Photovoltaic combining inverter THD can be effectively improved by realizing the photovoltaic combining inverter designed by this method, and improve photovoltaic combining inverter inversion efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gird-connected inverters to study survey field, and in particular, to a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter parameter designing
Method.
Background technique
Key equipment of the gird-connected inverter as renewable energy power generation access power grid, performance quality directly influences whole
A grid-connected system.However, common pulse modulation technology in gird-connected inverter, i.e. PWM technology are brought greatly to grid-connected current
The switch time high-frequency harmonic of amount, influences the sensitive equipment for accessing public electric wire net.The inverter of early stage is improved using L and LC filter
The quality of networking electric current, and had more mature research achievement, in middle high power applications occasion, increase filter inductance value
Mode harmonic attenuation ability although can be enhanced, but be reduction of the dynamic property of system, and bring component size it is excessive, at
A series of problems, such as this is excessively high.Compared with L filter, under identical filter effect, LCL filter only needs lesser total electricity
Inductance value, therefore be more and more applied in gird-connected inverter however, LCL filter is as underdamping third-order system, it can not
Resonance problems are brought for system with avoiding, if directly using traditional grid-connected current closed-loop control mode, will affect grid-connected
The stability of inverter control.In addition, in multi-inverter grid-connected system between inverter and inverter, between inverter and power grid
The factors such as coupling interaction form increasingly complex higher order resonances network, further influence the stability of grid-connected system.Therefore, it adopts
Take effective resonance suppressing method particularly important.In addition, the power factor of grid type inverter is still to be improved, this is certain
On the output of active power can be improved and reduce reactive loss.Since China has a vast territory, possess abundance on wide soil
Illumination, therefore, higher hamonic wave can be effectively reduced by designing one kind, and the inversion scheme for improving delivery efficiency, which just seems, especially must
It wants.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters designs, and solving the prior art, there are inverter inversions
Inefficient and inverter output has more harmonic component to bring the technology of electric pollution to ask public electric wire net
Topic, photovoltaic combining inverter THD can be effectively improved by realizing the photovoltaic combining inverter designed by this method, and be improved
Photovoltaic combining inverter inversion efficiency.
For achieving the above object, this application provides a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design, the sides
Method includes:
The structure for selecting inverter, selects two-stage type gird-connected inverter as the structure of inverter；
Based on perturbation observation method, photovoltaic generating system simulation model is established, studies the photovoltaic power generation based on perturbation observation method
System MPPT maximum power point tracking effect obtains the photovoltaic battery array model under the optimal working condition of photovoltaic cell；
For the DC/DC converter in photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, selects Boost circuit to carry out simulation study, make dynamic battery
The stable input in the 700V of setting as DC/AC of plate output, obtains corresponding DC/DC converter model；
For the component DC/AC inverter of photovoltaic combining inverter, the control mode of SVPWM Sofe Switch is selected, to SVPWM
The effect of Sofe Switch is emulated, and the direct current that intermediate DC circuit exports is converted to frequency under the control of the control circuit by verifying
Rate and all adjustable alternating current of voltage, obtain corresponding DC/AC inverter model；
Inverter structure type based on selection, obtains the cell array model under the optimal working condition of photovoltaic cell
DC/DC converter model and DC/AC inverter model, filter model, equivalent external electrical network model, build photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter
Simulation model.
Further, the method also includes: after building the simulation model of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is imitated
True mode carries out test analysis, and test index includes: inversion efficiency, power factor, THD.
Further, the method also includes indices are tested with the index comparison of analysis and setting, it is desirable that
THD<5%, inversion efficiency>95%.
Further, this method is that the Current Voltage based on SVPWM exports the improvement THD of control algolithm and improves inversion effect
The design methods of the photovoltaic combining inverter of rate, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: firstly, since the tracking and inversion of maximum power point are respectively at two in two-stage type gird-connected inverter
It is realized in link, substantially reduces the complexity of entire control system, control precision at different levels can be improved, therefore be selected
Determine the structure of two-stage type gird-connected inverter.
Two-stage type gird-connected inverter is the topological structure being widely used at present, is divided into two links of DC-DC and DC-AC, DC-
DC link mainly completes boosting inverter, for realizing the tracking of maximum power point, DC-AC link mainly complete grid-connected current with
Track.In this way, the tracking and inversion of maximum power point are realized in two links respectively.The topological structure of two-stage type gird-connected inverter
Figure is as shown in Figure 1.
Step 2: using perturbation observation method, establish simulation model at MATLB/SIMULINK, have studied based on disturbance
The MPPT maximum power point tracking effect of observation.
Under general normal condition, photovoltaic cell P-U characteristic curve is one using maximum power point as the single peak letter of extreme value
Number, this feature provides condition to find maximum power point using disturbance observation method, and disturbance observation method is actually just used
The thinking of step-searching that is, since initial state does a limited variation to input signal every time, then measures due to input
The size of output variation and direction caused by signal intensity after direction identification, then control inputting as needed for controlled device
Direction is adjusted, to realize adaptive searching optimazation.In photovoltaic generating system, the utilization rate of photovoltaic cell in addition to photovoltaic cell
Bulk properties have outside the Pass, also influenced by the use environment such as factors such as irradiation intensity, load and temperature.In different extraneous items
Under part, photovoltaic cell be may operate on different and unique maximum power point.It therefore, should for photovoltaic generating system
Seek the optimal working condition of photovoltaic cell, to convert light energy into electric energy to the maximum extent.
Step 3: for the DC/DC converter in photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, Boost circuit being selected to do simulation study.This purpose
It is to be able to that dynamic solar panel is allowed to export the stable input in the 700V of setting as DC/AC.
Step 4: for the core component DC/AC inverter of photovoltaic combining inverter, selecting the controlling party of SVPWM Sofe Switch
Formula and mentality of designing, while the effect of Sofe Switch is emulated.The subsequent filtering of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter is described later.Emulation
Purpose, which demonstrates, is converted to frequency and voltage is all any for the direct current that intermediate DC circuit exports under the control of the control circuit
Adjustable alternating current.With good control effect.
Step 5: building the simulation model of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, i.e., with reference to existing model structure, successively build photovoltaic cell battle array
Column model, inverter, filter, equivalent external electrical network (being substituted with power supply), each module parameter is according to suitable experience range, warp
Test of many times cooperation, and analysis is tested to indices (including inversion efficiency, power factor, THD).
Step 6: the index for being tested analysis and setting to indices compares, that is, requires THD < 5%, inversion efficiency
> 95%.To verify the correctness of design.
Further, the method realizes the modulated in real time of SVPWM signal, SVPWM modulation system using SVPWM modulating system
Two input terminal voltages of system are connect with subsystem respectively, and subsystem includes two different multipliers of gain, SVPWM modulation system
After 2 input terminals of system are connect with subsystem, connect again with selection switch and subsequent multiplier respectively, for being sampled to input terminal
Value expands certain multiple；The corresponding state-driven power switch component movement of the result of SVPWM modulating system output end.
Further, the modulated in real time step of realization SVPWM signal includes:
Obtain synthesized voltage vector UrefThe section position at place, then using place sector adjacent two voltage vector and
Zero vector synthesized voltage vector appropriate；
The describable space vector of voltage figure in rest frame (α, β), the control instruction of voltage vector modulation are arrows
The vector signal U that amount control system providesref, vector signal UrefIt is rotated counterclockwise with a certain angular frequency in space, works as rotation
When into some 60 ° of sector of polar plot, fundamental voltage space vector needed for calculating the section, and corresponding to this vector
State goes driving power switch element to act；
After controlling vector at 360 ° of Space Rotating, inverter exports the sine voltage of a cycle；
Resultant vector UrefThe judgement of locating sector, the first step of space vector modulation are judged by UαAnd UβThe sky determined
Between sector locating for voltage vector；By the control to selection switch, six power switch devices in three-phase inversion bridge circuit are generated
The driving signal of part controls six device for power switching with generated driving signal, finally makes three intersection of inverter circuit output
Galvanic electricity.
One or more technical solution provided by the present application, has at least the following technical effects or advantages:
1) it by the design to LCL type filter parameter, is designed using the Optimal Parameters, filter can be effectively reduced
Total inductance amount, to reduce filter volume and reduce system cost.
2) traditional SPWM method is from the angle of power supply, to generate the sine-wave power of a Frequency Adjustable pressure regulation, and
SVPWM method regards inversion system and asynchronous machine as an entirety to consider, model is fairly simple, is also convenient for microprocessor
Real-time control.The mode of real-time control is further such that indices precision improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 1 is the topological structure schematic diagram of two-stage type gird-connected inverter；
Fig. 2 is photovoltaic combining inverter parameter designing system composition schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the MPPT artificial circuit schematic diagram of existing perturbation observation method；
Fig. 4 is simulation waveform schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is DC/DC converter emulation schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 is the current diagram that input is surveyed；
Fig. 7 is electric current, the V diagram that output is surveyed；
Fig. 8 is that sector determines model schematic；
Fig. 9 is time distribution model schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is this seven sections of Space vector modulation schematic diagrams；
Figure 11 is SVPWM model schematic；
Figure 12 is filter effect schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is system Simulink artificial circuit schematic diagram；
Figure 14 is the output voltage schematic diagram of inverter；
Figure 15 is the A phase power and three-phase general power schematic diagram of inverter output；
Figure 16 is the efficiency schematic diagram of system；
Figure 17 is power factor schematic diagram；
Figure 18 is fft analysis and THD schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
To better understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific real
Applying mode, the present invention is further described in detail.It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting mutually, the application's
Feature in embodiment and embodiment can be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, still, the present invention may be used also
Implemented with being different from the other modes being described herein in range using other, therefore, protection scope of the present invention is not by under
The limitation of specific embodiment disclosed in face.
This method specifically includes:
One: the perturbation observation method of maximum power point of photovoltaic array tracking being tested first, is seen based on existing disturbance
The MPPT artificial circuit of method is examined as shown in figure 3, V in Fig. 3: voltage；I: electric current；Zero-Order Hold: zero-order holder；
Product: at volume module；Sum: summation module；Constant: constant；Sign: sign function；Scope: oscillograph；
Memory: memory module；To Workspace: it is transferred to working space.According to this artificial circuit, the simulation waveform obtained is as schemed
Shown in 4.
Photovoltaic array output voltage vibrates at maximum power point, and power curve is also to shake at maximum power point, on
Power curve in figure can be clearly seen that faint concussion situation, however concussion faint in this way is at by amplification
Input signal after reason as PWM module has had very high identity.
Two: because this experimental design be photovoltaic battery panel link DC/DC converter, therefore the input terminal of DC/DC converter
It is not a definite value, but desired output end can achieve the definite value of 700V.For the voltage output of solar panel, we are used
The MPPT of a upper chapter obtains maximum power point, reset it is anticipated that voltage value limit the switching signal of the PWM of IGBT.
Artificial circuit is as shown in Figure 5.Electric current, voltage oscillogram are as Figure 6-Figure 7.
The amplitude size that DC voltage is exported in Boost circuit is largely influenced by IGBT trigger pulse,
Guarantee the voltage stabilization of output, it is necessary to accomplish that trigger pulse has very high sensitivity.From voltage signal as can be seen that voltage is believed
Number there is obvious ripple phenomenon.That is because the frequency of trigger pulse is limited, and sensitivity is limited.But such spirit
Sensitivity has not influenced photovoltaic cell and has exported as steady voltage source.
Referring to waveform diagram and circuit diagram it is found that input current is substantially able to maintain continuity, it can be seen that lc circuit
Afterflow performance is fine.But the electric current of output is the signal of an approximate square waves, that is because not carrying out in DC/AC link
The afterflow surveyed is inputted, it cannot be continuous so as to cause electric current at the time of inverter switching device turns off.From output voltage curve it is found that electricity
It is pressed in after dynamic period, can stablize in 700V substantially, it can be seen that the effect of our MPPT and boost circuit is non-
Normal is good, and dynamic solar panel output can be allowed to stablize the input in 700V as DC/AC.
Three: traditional SPWM method is from the angle of power supply, to generate the sine-wave power of a Frequency Adjustable pressure regulation, and
SVPWM method regards inversion system and asynchronous machine as an entirety to consider, model is fairly simple, is also convenient for microprocessor
Real-time control.Common three phase full bridge is three half-bridges being made of six switching devices.This six switching devices combine
(signal of the half-bridge up and down of the same bridge arm is opposite) shares the switch state of 8 kinds of safety.Wherein 000,111 (indicate here
The switch state of three upper bridge arms) both switch states will not all generate effective electric current in motor driven.Therefore claim it
For zero vector.Other 6 kinds of switch states are six effective vectors respectively.360 degree of voltage space is divided into 60 degree one by them
Sector, totally six sectors can synthesize any vector in 360 degree using this six basic effectively two zero amounts of vector sum.
Using the calculating of existing following model realization sector, sector determines that model is as shown in Figure 8, wherein in Fig. 8 most
Left side is the number of two input voltage ports, respectively 1 port 2 of port；Subsystem is played to input signal amplification one
Determine the subsystem of multiple；Constant1 and Constant2 is that value 0 and 1 is distinguished in constant port；Gain1, Gain2, Gain3 are equal
For gain module, value is respectively 1,2,4.
Realize the modulated in real time of SVPWM signal, it is necessary first to know synthesized voltage vector UrefThe section position at place,
Then the voltage vector is synthesized using adjacent two voltage vector and zero vector appropriate of place sector.In rest frame
Describable space vector of voltage figure in (α, β), the control instruction of voltage vector modulation are the voltage that vector control system provides
Vector signal Uref, it is rotated with a certain angular frequency in space counterclockwise, when in some the 60 ° of sector for rotating to polar plot,
Fundamental voltage space vector needed for the system-computed section, and driving power switch element is gone with state corresponding to this vector
Movement.After controlling vector at 360 ° of Space Rotating, inverter can export the sine voltage of a cycle.
Resultant vector UrefThe judgement of locating sector, the first step of space vector modulation are judged by UαAnd UβThe sky determined
Between sector locating for voltage vector, wherein UαAnd UβThe α of synthesized voltage vector respectively under rectangular coordinate system, β axial coordinate point
Amount.It can determine whether by pushing over calculating: synthesized voltage vector UrefThe sufficient and necessary condition for falling in certain sector, obtains following formula:
In formula, U1U2U3The projection scalar for being resultant voltage in three-phase reference axis.It re-defines, if U1> 0, then A=1, no
Then A=0；If U2> 0, then B=1, otherwise B=0；If U3> 0, then C=1, otherwise C=0.It can be seen that A, eight kinds shared between B, C
Combination, but A known to the formula by judging sector, B, C will not be 1 or simultaneously be 0 simultaneously, so actual combination is six kinds, A,
B, C in combination take different values to correspond to different sectors, and are one-to-one, therefore completely can be by A, the combination of B, C
Sector where judging.To distinguish six kinds of states, N=4*C+2*B+A is enabled, A, B, C are coefficient, are selected between 0,1.It is to use
In then can pass through table 1 obtain synthesized voltage vector UrefThe sector at place, sector where table 1 is voltage judge table.
Table 1
Settling time distribution model is as shown in Figure 7.
The effect moment of voltage vector we follow a basic principle: the switching for making each time pertains only to one and opens
It closes, reduces switching frequency.Using seven sections of Space vector modulation modes.Specific implementation is as shown in figure 9, wherein most left in Fig. 9
Side input terminal number consecutively 1,2,3,4,5 inputs corresponding control signal, and Ts is the sampling time；Gain1,2,3 are gain module,
Gain is -1；Multiport switch1,2 are multidiameter option switch；Add1,2 are adder；Divide1,2 are division
Device；Switch1,2 are selection switch；T1, T2 output time domains are 1,2.
Table 2 is the allocation table of voltage action time, and effect is to determine electricity by switch combination action time and sector
Press vector.
Table 2
Thus it is as shown in Figure 10 to build following SVPWM model.
Four: LCL filter design
The artificial circuit of LCL is built in Matlab, and is set parameter and carried out simulation speed-up, it is above theoretical to detect
Correctness.LCL artificial circuit uses existing maturity model, therefore need to only set the parameter of each original part, in which: fundamental wave
Power parameter is 220V, 50Hz；The fundamental voltage that interference source voltage is 5% is 11V, frequency 2000Hz；Simulation result such as Figure 11
Number shown, that wherein left side 1,2,3 represents input port voltage in Figure 11；Memory1,2,3 are the memory elements of input signal
Part；Subsystem1,2 are subsystem, and specific structure uses existing fixed structure；Pulse is output pulse, which is
4。
Please refer to Figure 12, it was found from result waveform: before filtering, the sine ac power supply of 220V, 50Hz by 2000Hz,
When the interference of 11V, there is apparent ripple to generate on waveform.But pass through after the filtering of filter circuit, fundamental wave is restored to it
Preceding is smooth and stable.
Five: overall model and index analysis
The system design goal of this paper is two-stage type three-phase inverter, system-wide model (including photovoltaic array, inversion
Device, filter, external power grid) as shown in Figure 2.
According to the analysis above to various nucleus modules, system Simulink artificial circuit such as Figure 13 institute for finally building
Show.
In emulation main circuit, while many computing modules are built, in order to can count while emulation
Corresponding index is calculated, the waveform after inverter output current voltage waveform, and filtering can be obtained by oscillograph.It is real
When monitoring system design it is whether up to standard.
Six: power and efficiency
Input power refers to the input power of the DC side of inverter.By power module it is found that the input of inverter is surveyed
Electric current is discontinuous, it is therefore desirable to which the mean power for calculating input side could calculate efficiency, please refer to Figure 14-Figure 18, from above point
Analysis it can be concluded that, the system of design, which is fully met, requires index, wherein desired index is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it is created once a person skilled in the art knows basic
Property concept, then additional changes and modifications may be made to these embodiments.So it includes excellent that the following claims are intended to be interpreted as
It selects embodiment and falls into all change and modification of the scope of the invention.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
Mind and range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies
Within, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
The structure for selecting inverter, selects two-stage type gird-connected inverter as the structure of inverter；
Based on perturbation observation method, photovoltaic generating system simulation model is established, studies the photovoltaic generating system based on perturbation observation method
MPPT maximum power point tracking effect obtains the photovoltaic battery array model under the optimal working condition of photovoltaic cell；
For the DC/DC converter in photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, selects Boost circuit to carry out simulation study, keep dynamic solar panel defeated
Input of the stable 700V in setting as DC/AC out obtains corresponding DC/DC converter model；
For the component DC/AC inverter of photovoltaic combining inverter, the control mode of SVPWM Sofe Switch is selected, it is soft to SVPWM to open
The effect of pass is emulated, verifying under the control of the control circuit by intermediate DC circuit export direct current be converted to frequency and
The all adjustable alternating current of voltage, obtains corresponding DC/AC inverter model；
Inverter structure type based on selection, the cell array model under the optimal working condition of photovoltaic cell, acquisition DC/
DC converter model and DC/AC inverter model, filter model, equivalent external electrical network model build the imitative of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter
True mode.
2. photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method is also wrapped
It includes: after building the simulation model of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter, test analysis, test index packet being carried out to the simulation model of photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter
It includes: inversion efficiency, power factor, THD.
3. photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the method also includes
The index for being tested analysis and setting to indices compares, it is desirable that THD<5%, inversion efficiency>95%.
4. photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method uses
SVPWM modulating system realize SVPWM signal modulated in real time, two input terminal voltages of SVPWM modulating system respectively with subsystem
System connection, subsystem includes two different multipliers of gain, after 2 input terminals of SVPWM modulating system are connect with subsystem,
Connect again with selection switch and subsequent multiplier respectively, for expanding certain multiple to input terminal sampled value；SVPWM modulating system
The corresponding state-driven power switch component movement of the result of output end.
5. photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design according to claim 4, which is characterized in that realize SVPWM signal
Modulated in real time step include:
Obtain synthesized voltage vector UrefThen the section position at place utilizes adjacent two voltage vector of place sector and appropriate
Zero vector synthesized voltage vector；
The control instruction of the describable space vector of voltage figure in rest frame (α, β), voltage vector modulation is vector control
The vector signal U that system processed providesref, vector signal UrefIt is rotated with a certain angular frequency in space, is sweared when rotating to counterclockwise
When in some 60 ° of sector of spirogram, fundamental voltage space vector needed for calculating the section, and with state corresponding to this vector
Driving power switch element is gone to act；
After controlling vector at 360 ° of Space Rotating, inverter exports the sine voltage of a cycle；
Resultant vector UrefThe judgement of locating sector, the first step of space vector modulation are judged by UαAnd UβThe space electricity determined
Press sector locating for vector；By the control to selection switch, six device for power switching in three-phase inversion bridge circuit are generated
Driving signal controls six device for power switching with generated driving signal, inverter circuit is finally made to export three-phase alternating current.
6. photovoltaic combining inverter Parameters design according to claim 5, which is characterized in that synthesized voltage vector
UrefThe sufficient and necessary condition for falling in certain sector, obtains following formula:
In formula, U1U2U3The projection scalar for being resultant voltage in three-phase reference axis；If U1> 0, then A=1, otherwise A=0；If U2>
0, then B=1, otherwise B=0；If U3> 0, then C=1, otherwise C=0；A, B, C in combination take different values to correspond to different sectors,
Sector by A, where the combination judgement of B, C；N=4*C+2*B+A is enabled, A, B, C are coefficient, select between 0,1, pass through electricity
Sector where pressure judges that table obtains synthesized voltage vector UrefThe sector at place.
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