CN109256556B - Cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109256556B
CN109256556B CN201811223035.6A CN201811223035A CN109256556B CN 109256556 B CN109256556 B CN 109256556B CN 201811223035 A CN201811223035 A CN 201811223035A CN 109256556 B CN109256556 B CN 109256556B
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cuo
composite material
core
shell structure
ppy composite
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CN109256556A (en
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曹丽云
王勇
黄剑锋
寇领江
李嘉胤
冯亮亮
杨丹
黄青青
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/362Composites
    • H01M4/366Composites as layered products
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/626Metals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027Negative electrodes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a cross star Cu/Cu with a core-shell structure2An O/CuO @ Ppy composite material, a preparation method and application thereof belong to the technical field of nano materials and electrochemistry. The method comprises the following steps: 1) under the condition of stirring, dissolving hydrated copper acetate in deionized water to obtain a light blue transparent copper acetate solution, and then adding polyethylene glycol to obtain a solution A; 2) adding pyrrole into the solution A by using a trace sample injector, and continuously stirring to obtain a reaction precursor; 3) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the reaction precursor, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying treatment to obtain the cross star Cu/Cu with the core-shell structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material. The method is simple to operate, does not need complex equipment, and is green and environment-friendly in process; the cross star-shaped Cu/Cu prepared by the method2The O/CuO @ Ppy composite material has the characteristics of strong cycle stability and high battery capacity, and can be used as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery.

Description

Cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nano materials and electrochemistry, and relates to a cross star Cu/Cu with a core-shell structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material, and preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The development of renewable green energy has become the only way to realize human sustainable development. However, most clean energy sources have instability and intermittence, and the problems of wind and light abandonment caused by the instability and intermittence restrict the further development of new energy technology and simultaneously cause a great deal of investment waste. The development of new energy storage technologies is the key to solving this problem. The lithium ion secondary battery has the advantages of large specific energy, long cycle life, good safety and the like, is the energy storage technology with the most development potential at present, and is regarded as a key component of the next generation of smart power grid.
At present, the commercial lithium ion battery takes graphite as a negative electrode, but the graphite has low lithium intercalation potential, easily generates lithium dendrite to cause short circuit of the battery, and has serious potential safety hazard. Meanwhile, the graphite cathode has very low theoretical capacity and cannot meet the practical requirement. Therefore, the preparation of other novel lithium ion battery anode materials must be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with the core-shell structure2The O/CuO @ Ppy composite material and the preparation method and the application thereof have the advantages that the method is simple to operate, complex equipment is not needed, and the process is green and environment-friendly; the cross star-shaped Cu/Cu prepared by the method2The O/CuO @ Ppy composite material has the characteristics of strong cycle stability and high battery capacity, and can be used as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a cross star Cu/Cu with a core-shell structure2The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material comprises the following steps:
1) under the condition of stirring, dissolving hydrated copper acetate in deionized water to obtain a light blue transparent copper acetate solution, and then adding polyethylene glycol to obtain a solution A;
2) adding pyrrole into the solution A by using a trace sample injector, and continuously stirring to obtain a reaction precursor;
3) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the reaction precursor, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying treatment to obtain the core-shellCross star shaped Cu/Cu of structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material.
Preferably, in the step 1), the concentration of the copper acetate solution is 0.01-0.1 mol/L.
Preferably, in the step 1), the adding amount of the polyethylene glycol is 1-5% of the mass of the copper acetate; the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 20000.
Preferably, in the step 1), the stirring mode is magnetic stirring, and the stirring time is 0.5-3.0 h.
Preferably, in the step 2), the molar ratio of the adding amount of the pyrrole to the using amount of the copper acetate is 0.1-1.5: 1, the stirring time is continued for 0.5 h.
Preferably, in the step 3), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 100-180 ℃, the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 5-24 hours, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, and the filling ratio is 30-70%.
Preferably, in the step 3), the washing is performed by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and the drying is performed for 5-48 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60-100 ℃.
The invention also discloses the cross star Cu/Cu with the core-shell structure prepared by the preparation method2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material.
The invention also discloses a cross star Cu/Cu adopting the core-shell structure2The O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is applied as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts hydrothermal reaction, uses pyrrole monomer as a morphology control agent and a reducing agent, and prepares the cross star Cu/Cu with the core-shell structure by a one-step method2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material. In the reaction process, the pyrrole monomer is adsorbed on a specific crystal face of the cuprous oxide crystal, the pyrrole monomer is controlled to grow in an oriented manner towards a specific direction, and a polypyrrole shell is formed on the surface of the polypyrrole shell. Meanwhile, in the polymerization process of the pyrrole monomer, as an electron donor, a part of cuprous oxide can be reduced into a copper simple substance. And the introduction of polyethylene glycol can reduce the surface tension of water, and reduce material agglomeration by using steric hindrance. Preparation method of the inventionThe method has the characteristics of simple and easy operation, strong repeatability, low cost and no pollution to the environment.
Cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure prepared by using method2When the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is used as a lithium ion battery negative electrode material, the volume expansion effect of an inorganic material in a circulation process can be relieved by an external Ppy shell, and the charge transfer resistance in a lithium ion intercalation process can be reduced by a Cu simple substance on the surface of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material. In addition, the cross star-shaped morphology can shorten the diffusion path of lithium ions, so that the problems of low capacity and serious volume expansion effect of a single block cuprous oxide material battery are solved, and the battery has the characteristics of good cycle stability and high battery capacity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD pattern of the lithium ion battery negative electrode material prepared in example 6 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of the negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery prepared in example 6 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of the cycle performance of the negative electrode material for a lithium ion battery prepared in example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below:
cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure2The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: and magnetically stirring for 0.5-3.0h, and dissolving hydrated copper acetate into deionized water to obtain a light blue transparent solution with the concentration of 0.01-0.1 mol/L. Then adding 1% -5% of polyethylene glycol, and continuing stirring for 0.5 h.
Step two: adding 10-500 ul of pyrrole into the solution obtained in the first step by using a trace sample injector, and continuously stirring for 0.5h to obtain a reaction precursor;
step three: and (3) transferring the precursor obtained in the step (II) into a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, wherein the filling ratio is 30-70%, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 5-24 h at the temperature of 100-180 ℃. And cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, washing for numerous times by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and then performing vacuum drying for 5-24 hours at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode material.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
Under magnetic stirring, preparing a copper acetate solution with the concentration of 0.01mol/L, and continuously stirring for 0.5h to obtain a light blue transparent solution. Then 1% polyethylene glycol is added and stirring is continued for 0.5 h. Then, 10ul of pyrrole was added thereto by a microsyringe, and the mixture was further stirred for 0.5 hour to obtain a reaction precursor. The precursor is transferred into a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, the filling ratio is 30%, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 24 hours at 100 ℃. And cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol through suction filtration, and then drying for 24 hours in vacuum under the condition of 60 so as to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Example 2
Under magnetic stirring, preparing a copper acetate solution with the concentration of 0.025mol/L, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a light blue transparent solution. Then 3% polyethylene glycol was added and stirring was continued for 0.5 h. Then, 25ul of pyrrole was added thereto by a microsyringe, and the mixture was further stirred for 0.5 hour to obtain a reaction precursor. The precursor is transferred into a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, the filling ratio is 30%, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 8 hours at 120 ℃. And cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol through suction filtration, and then drying for 12 hours in vacuum under the condition of 80 so as to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Example 3
Under magnetic stirring, preparing a copper acetate solution with the concentration of 0.375mol/L, and continuously stirring for 1h to obtain a light blue transparent solution. Then 5% polyethylene glycol is added and stirring is continued for 0.5 h. Then 50ul of pyrrole was added thereto by a microsyringe, and stirring was continued for 0.5h to obtain a reaction precursor. The precursor is transferred into a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, the filling ratio is 50%, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 12h at 140 ℃. And cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol through suction filtration, and then drying for 8 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Example 4
Under magnetic stirring, preparing a copper acetate solution with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, and continuously stirring for 1.5h to obtain a light blue transparent solution. Then 1% polyethylene glycol is added and stirring is continued for 0.5 h. Then, 100ul of pyrrole was added thereto by a microsyringe, and the mixture was further stirred for 0.5 hour to obtain a reaction precursor. The precursor is transferred into a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, the filling ratio is 70%, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 12h at 180 ℃. And cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol through suction filtration, and then drying for 5 hours in vacuum under the condition of 100 so as to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Example 5
Under magnetic stirring, preparing a copper acetate solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, and continuously stirring for 3 hours to obtain a light blue transparent solution. Then 5% polyethylene glycol is added and stirring is continued for 0.5 h. Then 200ul of pyrrole was added thereto with a microsyringe, and stirring was continued for 0.5h to obtain a reaction precursor. The precursor is transferred into a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, the filling ratio is 50%, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 10 hours at 160 ℃. And cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol through suction filtration, and then drying for 10 hours in vacuum under the condition of 80 so as to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode material.
Example 6
Under magnetic stirring, preparing a copper acetate solution with the concentration of 0.05mol/L, and continuously stirring for 0.5h to obtain a light blue transparent solution. Then 3% polyethylene glycol was added and stirring was continued for 0.5 h. Then 50ul of pyrrole was added thereto by a microsyringe, and stirring was continued for 0.5h to obtain a reaction precursor. The precursor is transferred into a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, the filling ratio is 40%, and the hydrothermal reaction is carried out for 12 hours at 160 ℃. And cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, washing for a plurality of times by using absolute ethyl alcohol through suction filtration, and then drying for 12 hours in vacuum under the condition of 60 so as to obtain the lithium ion battery cathode material.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the diffraction peak of the prepared material well conforms to Cu, CuO and Cu2O standard card (JCPDS No.040836, 45-0937, 75-1531), sharp peak shape, no other impurities. As can be seen from FIG. 2, Cu/Cu2The morphology of O/CuO @ Ppy is a cross-shaped structure, and nanoparticles exist at the same time. From FIG. 3, it can be seen that at 100mAg-1Then, its first discharge capacity was 705mAh g-1After 50 times of circulation, the water content is still maintained at 450 mAh g-1And excellent electrochemical performance is shown.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure2The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) under the condition of stirring, dissolving hydrated copper acetate in deionized water to obtain a light blue transparent copper acetate solution, and then adding polyethylene glycol to obtain a solution A;
2) adding pyrrole into the solution A by using a trace sample injector, and continuously stirring to obtain a reaction precursor;
3) carrying out hydrothermal reaction on the reaction precursor, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying treatment to obtain the cross star Cu/Cu with the core-shell structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material;
wherein in the step 1), the addition amount of the polyethylene glycol is 1-5% of the mass of the copper acetate;
in the step 1), the stirring mode is magnetic stirring, and the stirring time is 0.5-3.0 h.
2. Cross star Cu/Cu of core-shell structure according to claim 12The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is characterized in that in the step 1), the concentration of the copper acetate solution is 0.01-0.1 mol/L.
3. Cross star Cu/Cu of core-shell structure according to claim 12The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is characterized in that in the step 1), the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 20000.
4. Cross star Cu/Cu of core-shell structure according to claim 12The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is characterized in that in the step 2), the molar ratio of the pyrrole adding amount to the copper acetate amount is 0.1-1.5: 1, the stirring time is continued for 0.5 h.
5. Cross star Cu/Cu of core-shell structure according to claim 12The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is characterized in that in the step 3), the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 100-180 ℃, the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 5-24 hours, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene, and the filling ratio is 30% -70%.
6. Cross star Cu/Cu of core-shell structure according to claim 12The preparation method of the O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is characterized in that in the step 3), absolute ethyl alcohol is used for washing, and drying is carried out for 5-48 hours in vacuum at the temperature of 60-100 ℃.
7. Cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure prepared by adopting preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 62O/CuO @ Ppy composite material.
8. The cross-star Cu/Cu of core-shell structure of claim 72The O/CuO @ Ppy composite material is applied as a negative electrode material of a lithium ion battery.
CN201811223035.6A 2018-10-19 2018-10-19 Cross star-shaped Cu/Cu with core-shell structure2O/CuO @ Ppy composite material and preparation method and application thereof Active CN109256556B (en)

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CN110040705B (en) * 2019-04-26 2020-10-09 陕西科技大学 Method for preparing phosphorus-rich phase copper phosphide hollow nanospheres
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