CN109254064B - Low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator and application method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109254064B CN109254064B CN201811455022.1A CN201811455022A CN109254064B CN 109254064 B CN109254064 B CN 109254064B CN 201811455022 A CN201811455022 A CN 201811455022A CN 109254064 B CN109254064 B CN 109254064B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A low temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator and method of use thereof, the refrigerator comprising: electrolytic tank, heat transfer groove, refrigeration unit, sealing unit and control unit, wherein: the refrigerating unit comprises a refrigerating tank, a cooling wall, a water pump and an insulating layer; the sealing unit comprises a sealing cover and a pressure relief valve; the control unit includes a feedback controller and a thermometer. The using method comprises the following steps: injecting electrolyte into the electrolytic tank, and measuring the temperature of the electrolyte by a thermometer; according to the temperature of the electrolyte, a feedback controller controls a water pump to adjust the cooling water quantity, and the cooling water is introduced into a cooling wall for cooling; when the temperature of the electrolyte is stabilized below 5 ℃, placing an electrolyte sample, covering a sealing cover, and starting electrolysis; electrolyzing for 5min, unscrewing a bolt on the sealing cover, and releasing gas generated by electrolysis; and after the electrolysis is finished, the power supply, the feedback controller and the water pump are turned off, the electrolytic tank is taken out, the sealing cover is opened in an anaerobic environment, the residual electrolysis sample is taken out, and the electrolyte is poured out for the extraction of the subsequent electrolysis products.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and mainly relates to a low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator and a use method thereof.
Background
In order to improve and enhance the mechanical properties of the steel and to obtain certain special physical and chemical properties, some alloying elements are added specially, however, during the heat treatment, some carbides combined with the alloying elements are precipitated in the steel. Carbide is one of the important constituent phases in steel, and the type, quantity, size, shape and distribution of carbide have a very important influence on the performance of steel, so that the detection of carbide components, quantity and size in steel is particularly important.
At present, the means for detecting carbide in steel mainly comprise a scanning electron microscope method, a transmission method and an electrolytic extraction method. The defects of the former two methods are mainly that the surface of steel is observed, and when the surface of a steel sample is polished, the carbide is too small, so that the carbide on the surface is easy to fall off, and the detection and the result are influenced. The electrolytic method can well avoid the problems, can be used for carrying out electrolytic extraction on the tiny carbide in the steel, is used for subsequent XRD detection, and can quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the carbide in the steel.
The electrolytic extraction of carbide is usually carried out by using anhydrous alcohol electrolyte, which is easy to volatilize at higher temperature, and the carbide is easy to react with oxygen at higher temperature. Thus, low temperature and oxygen free environment are required for the electrolytic extraction of carbides, and the electrolysis temperature of the carbides is generally not more than 5 ℃.
Among them, patent "a method for extracting trace carbide from Super304H austenitic stainless steel" is to electrolyze in an electrolysis environment of-5 to 5 ℃, but no cooling means are mentioned. In order to obtain a low-temperature electrolysis environment, electrolysis is performed in a refrigerator, which causes inconvenient electrolysis operation and a lot of equipment. The above-mentioned electrolytic methods all have a common disadvantage in that they do not have a good way to obtain a low temperature environment.
The invention mainly solves the technical problems in the background technology, controls the electrolyte in the electrolytic tank to be stably in a low-temperature environment of less than 5 ℃ by using the low-temperature principle of liquid ammonia manufacture, and avoids overheat volatilization of the electrolyte and oxidization of carbide in the electrolytic process so as to obtain purer carbide.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a low-temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator and a use method thereof.
A low temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator comprising: electrolytic tank, heat transfer groove, refrigeration unit, sealing unit and control unit, wherein:
the refrigerating unit comprises a refrigerating tank, a cooling wall, a water pump and an insulating layer, wherein the cooling wall is wrapped outside the upper end of the refrigerating tank, the cooling wall is connected with the water pump, and the insulating layer is wrapped outside the lower end of the refrigerating tank;
the electrolytic tank is embedded into the heat exchange tank, the heat exchange tank is embedded into the refrigeration tank, and the electrolytic tank, the heat exchange tank and the refrigeration tank are tightly attached;
the sealing unit comprises a sealing cover and a pressure relief valve, the sealing cover is arranged above the electrolytic tank, and the pressure relief valve is arranged on the sealing cover;
the control unit comprises a feedback controller and a thermometer, and the feedback controller is respectively connected with the water pump and the thermometer.
The electrolytic tank is a cylindrical open container, the heat exchange tank is a U-shaped closed container, and the refrigerating tank is a U-shaped closed container.
The electrolytic tank is embedded into the concave position of the heat exchange tank, and the outer wall is made of copper plates.
The heat exchange groove is embedded into the concave position of the refrigerating groove, the outer wall is made of copper plates, and the internal heat exchange medium is heat conduction silicone grease.
The utility model provides a refrigerating tank be U type airtight container, the outer wall material is the copper, inside cavity is equipped with the gas-liquid exchange layer, the gas-liquid exchange layer separate into upper and lower two parts with the refrigerating tank, upper portion inner chamber is the condensation chamber, lower part inner chamber filling liquid ammonia, the gas-liquid exchange layer be the wave, the crest embedding one deck ventilated membrane can let ascending ammonia pass through, the trough is the fretwork tubule, can let the liquid ammonia of condensation pass through, the material is steel for the low temperature container.
The cooling wall is a round copper pipe wrapped outside the upper end of the refrigerating tank in a spiral surrounding mode, the cooling wall is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet at the upper end of the cooling wall is connected with the water outlet of the water pump, and the water outlet at the lower end of the cooling wall is connected with the water inlet of the water pump.
The power of the water pump is controlled by a feedback controller.
The sealing cover is provided with a through hole of the thermometer and the wire, and a layer of rubber is filled in the through hole, so that air is prevented from entering the electrolytic tank from gaps among the thermometer, the wire and the through hole of the sealing cover.
The pressure release valve comprises an air outlet hole, a gravity weight and a bolt, wherein the air outlet hole is connected with the sealing cover, the bolt is connected with the gravity weight and the sealing cover, and the gravity weight is propped against the upper end of the air outlet hole and moves up and down along the vertical direction.
The information input interface of the feedback controller is connected with the thermometer, and the information output interface is connected with the water pump.
The thermometer is arranged in the electrolytic bath.
The application method of the low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator comprises the following steps:
step 1: injecting electrolyte into the electrolytic tank, and measuring the temperature of the electrolyte by using a thermometer;
step 2: starting a feedback controller, and automatically leading the electrolyte temperature into the feedback controller;
step 3: the feedback controller outputs a feedback signal to the water pump according to the electrolyte temperature, and the water pump outputs corresponding cooling water according to the signal, and the cooling water is introduced into the cooling wall to cool the cooling wall;
step 4: the temperature of the electrolyte is-10-5 ℃, an electrolyte sample is placed, a sealing cover is covered, and electrolysis is started;
step 5: electrolyzing for 5min, unscrewing a bolt on the sealing cover, moving up a gravity weight to release gas generated by electrolysis, and then descending the gravity weight to block the air outlet;
step 6: and after the electrolysis is finished, the power supply, the feedback controller and the water pump are turned off, the electrolytic tank is taken out, the sealing cover is opened in an anaerobic environment, the residual electrolysis sample is taken out, and the electrolyte is poured out for the extraction of the subsequent electrolysis products.
In the step 3, the cooling wall exchanges heat of ammonia in the upper condensation cavity of the refrigeration tank to convert the ammonia into low-temperature liquid ammonia, and the liquid ammonia drops along the inner wall of the refrigeration tank due to gravity and flows into the lower inner cavity of the refrigeration tank through the hollow tubules of the gas-liquid exchange layer; the heat of the heat exchange tank is taken away by the liquid ammonia in the inner cavity of the lower part of the refrigeration tank, the liquid ammonia is gasified into ammonia gas, the ammonia gas rises, and rises to the upper condensing tank of the refrigeration tank through the ventilated membrane of the gas-liquid exchange layer, and the refrigeration effect is achieved through the reciprocating conversion of the liquid ammonia and the ammonia gas.
In the step 5, the gravity weight is of a cap-shaped structure with a mass and is matched with the air outlet, the gravity weight can vertically move up and down, when the air pressure in the electrolytic tank is greater than the atmospheric pressure due to the fact that air is generated in the electrolytic tank, the gravity weight is jacked up and moved up, the air in the electrolytic tank is discharged through the air outlet, then the gravity weight descends to block the air outlet, and in the electrolytic process, the gravity weight reciprocates up and down to ensure that the inside of the electrolytic tank is in an anaerobic environment and the pressure is constant.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator provided by the invention can stably control the electrolyte in the electrolytic tank to be in a low-temperature environment of-10-5 ℃, so that overheating volatilization of the electrolyte and oxidization of carbide in the electrolytic process are avoided, the electrolytic efficiency is improved by 40-50%, the consumption of the electrolyte is reduced by 20-30%, and the purity of the electrolyzed carbide is improved by 25-35%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pressure relief valve of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid exchange layer of example 1;
the device comprises a refrigerating tank 1, a cooling wall 2, a heat preservation layer 3, a water pump 4, a heat exchange tank 5, a feedback controller 6, a thermometer 7, a gas-liquid exchange layer 8, a water inlet 9, a water outlet 10, a pressure release valve 11, a sealing cover 12, a gas-permeable membrane 13, a hollow tubule 14, a gravity weight 15, a gas outlet 16, a bolt 17, an electrolytic tank 18 and a power supply 19.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a low-temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator mainly includes: the electrolytic tank 18, the refrigeration tank 1, the cooling wall 2, the heat preservation 3, the water pump 4, the heat exchange tank 5, the feedback controller 6, the thermometer 7, the pressure relief valve 11 and the sealing cover 12, wherein the pressure relief valve 11 comprises a weight 15 and a bolt 17, the specific structure diagram is shown in fig. 2, the refrigeration tank 1 comprises a gas-liquid heat exchange layer 8, the gas-liquid heat exchange layer comprises a ventilation film 13 and a hollow tubule 14, and the specific structure diagram is shown in fig. 3.
The application method of the low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator comprises the following steps: opening the sealing cover 12, injecting electrolyte with 3/4 of the cell capacity into the electrolytic cell 18, and measuring the temperature of the electrolyte to 20 ℃ by using the thermometer 7; starting a feedback controller 6, and automatically introducing the electrolyte temperature to the feedback controller 6 at 20 ℃; the water pump 4 outputs cooling water quantity according to the signals, and the cooling water is introduced into the cooling wall 2 to cool the cooling wall 2; the cooling wall 2 exchanges heat of ammonia in the upper condensation cavity of the refrigeration tank 1, so that the ammonia is converted into low-temperature liquid ammonia, the low-temperature liquid ammonia flows into the lower inner cavity of the refrigeration tank 1, the liquid ammonia in the lower inner cavity of the refrigeration tank 1 takes away heat of the heat exchange tank 5 and is gasified into ammonia, and the ammonia rises to the upper condensation tank of the refrigeration tank 1; when the temperature of the electrolyte is stabilized below 5 ℃, placing an electrolyte sample with the size of 10 multiplied by 100mm, covering a sealing cover 12, switching on a power supply 19, controlling the voltage and the current at 10.3V and 2.2A respectively, and starting electrolysis; electrolysis is carried out for 5min, a bolt 17 on the sealing cover 12 is unscrewed, the weight 15 is jacked up and moved upwards, gas in the electrolysis tank 18 is discharged through the gas outlet hole 16, and then the weight 15 descends to block the gas outlet; after 10 hours, the electrolysis is completed, the electrolytic cell 18 is taken out, the seal 12 is opened in an anaerobic environment, the residual electrolysis sample is taken out, and the electrolyte is poured out for the subsequent electrolysis product extraction.
The low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator provided by the invention has the advantages that the electrolysis efficiency is improved by 42%, the consumption of electrolyte is reduced by 28%, the purity of electrolytic carbide is improved by 30%, and the accuracy of experimental results is greatly improved.
Claims (7)
1. A low temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator, comprising: electrolytic tank, heat transfer groove, refrigeration unit, sealing unit and control unit, wherein:
the refrigerating unit comprises a refrigerating tank, a cooling wall, a water pump and an insulating layer, wherein the cooling wall is wrapped outside the upper end of the refrigerating tank, the cooling wall is connected with the water pump, and the insulating layer is wrapped outside the lower end of the refrigerating tank;
the electrolytic tank is embedded into the heat exchange tank, the heat exchange tank is embedded into the refrigeration tank, and the electrolytic tank, the heat exchange tank and the refrigeration tank are tightly attached;
the refrigerating tank is a U-shaped closed container, the outer wall of the refrigerating tank is made of copper plates, the inner cavity of the refrigerating tank is provided with a gas-liquid exchange layer, the refrigerating tank is divided into an upper part and a lower part by the gas-liquid exchange layer, the inner cavity of the upper part is a condensation cavity, the inner cavity of the lower part is filled with liquid ammonia, the gas-liquid exchange layer is wave-shaped, the wave crest is embedded into a layer of breathable film, the wave trough is a hollow tubule, and the material is steel for the low-temperature container;
the cooling wall is a round copper pipe wrapped outside the upper end of the refrigerating tank in a spiral surrounding mode, is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet at the upper end of the cooling wall is connected with the water outlet of the water pump, and the water outlet at the lower end of the cooling wall is connected with the water inlet of the water pump;
the sealing unit comprises a sealing cover and a pressure relief valve, the sealing cover is arranged above the electrolytic tank, and the pressure relief valve is arranged on the sealing cover; the pressure release valve comprises an air outlet, a gravity weight and a bolt, wherein the air outlet is connected with the sealing cover, the bolt is connected with the gravity weight and the sealing cover, the gravity weight is propped against the upper end of the air outlet and moves up and down along the vertical direction;
the control unit comprises a feedback controller and a thermometer, and the feedback controller is respectively connected with the water pump and the thermometer.
2. The low-temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolytic tank is a cylindrical open container, the heat exchange tank is a U-shaped closed container, and the refrigerating tank is a U-shaped closed container.
3. The low-temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolytic cell is embedded in the recess of the heat exchange cell, and the outer wall is made of copper plate.
4. The low-temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator as in claim 1, wherein the heat exchange groove is embedded in the recess of the refrigeration groove, the outer wall is copper plate, and the internal heat exchange medium is heat-conducting silicone grease.
5. The low-temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sealing cover is provided with a thermometer and a through hole of a wire.
6. The low-temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the information input interface of the feedback controller is connected with a thermometer, and the information output interface is connected with a water pump; the thermometer is arranged in the electrolytic bath.
7. The method of using a low temperature electrowinning carbide refrigerator in accordance with claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1: injecting electrolyte into the electrolytic tank, and measuring the temperature of the electrolyte by using a thermometer;
step 2: starting a feedback controller, and automatically leading the electrolyte temperature into the feedback controller;
step 3: the feedback controller outputs a feedback signal to the water pump according to the electrolyte temperature, and the water pump outputs corresponding cooling water according to the signal, and the cooling water is introduced into the cooling wall to cool the cooling wall;
step 4: the temperature of the electrolyte is-10-5 ℃, an electrolyte sample is placed, a sealing cover is covered, and electrolysis is started;
step 5: electrolyzing for 5min, unscrewing a bolt on the sealing cover, moving up a gravity weight to release gas generated by electrolysis, and then descending the gravity weight to block the air outlet;
step 6: and after the electrolysis is finished, the power supply, the feedback controller and the water pump are turned off, the electrolytic tank is taken out, the sealing cover is opened in an anaerobic environment, the residual electrolysis sample is taken out, and the electrolyte is poured out for the extraction of the subsequent electrolysis products.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811455022.1A CN109254064B (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator and application method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811455022.1A CN109254064B (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator and application method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109254064A CN109254064A (en) | 2019-01-22 |
| CN109254064B true CN109254064B (en) | 2023-09-26 |
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| JP2004198144A (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-07-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for analyzing composition and/or particle size of nonmetallic inclusion in metal sample |
| CN103060885A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-04-24 | 东北大学 | Electrolysis device and method for efficiently extracting slag inclusion in steel |
| CN103898596A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-07-02 | 上海大学 | Organic electrolyte, method for extracting non-metallic inclusions from steel and electrolyzer |
| CN204902615U (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏新农化工有限公司 | Ammonia refrigeration cooling tower |
| CN107149853A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-12 | 湖北瑞锶科技有限公司 | A kind of ammoniacal liquor condensing unit with temperature adjustment |
| CN207742004U (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-08-17 | 贵州理工学院 | Non-metallic inclusion device in a kind of anodic dissolution process extraction metal material |
| CN209148589U (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-07-23 | 东北大学 | A kind of low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator |
-
2018
- 2018-11-30 CN CN201811455022.1A patent/CN109254064B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004198144A (en) * | 2002-12-16 | 2004-07-15 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for analyzing composition and/or particle size of nonmetallic inclusion in metal sample |
| CN103060885A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-04-24 | 东北大学 | Electrolysis device and method for efficiently extracting slag inclusion in steel |
| CN103898596A (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2014-07-02 | 上海大学 | Organic electrolyte, method for extracting non-metallic inclusions from steel and electrolyzer |
| CN204902615U (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-23 | 江苏新农化工有限公司 | Ammonia refrigeration cooling tower |
| CN107149853A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2017-09-12 | 湖北瑞锶科技有限公司 | A kind of ammoniacal liquor condensing unit with temperature adjustment |
| CN207742004U (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-08-17 | 贵州理工学院 | Non-metallic inclusion device in a kind of anodic dissolution process extraction metal material |
| CN209148589U (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-07-23 | 东北大学 | A kind of low-temperature electrolytic extraction carbide refrigerator |
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