CN109253899B - Multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution - Google Patents
Multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN109253899B CN109253899B CN201811415175.3A CN201811415175A CN109253899B CN 109253899 B CN109253899 B CN 109253899B CN 201811415175 A CN201811415175 A CN 201811415175A CN 109253899 B CN109253899 B CN 109253899B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2273—Atmospheric sampling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution, which comprises a box body, wherein an air conditioning system, an illumination system and an installation platform are arranged in the box body; the sampling main pipe system comprises a main sampling head, a constant-speed shunt device and branch pipes, wherein the constant-speed shunt device comprises main pipes, the tail parts of the main pipes can be detachably connected with adjacent main pipes, each main pipe is provided with a shunt port, the branch pipes are connected with the shunt ports, the head part of the main pipe is provided with the constant-speed sampling head, the constant-speed sampling head and the main pipe are coaxially arranged, part of gas in the main sampling head enters the constant-speed sampling head, and the other part of gas enters the shunt ports; the part of the main pipe below the first connecting pipe is provided with a gas expansion channel, and the expansion channel is communicated with the inlet of the next main pipe; the branch pipeline is connected with the monitoring instrument. The sampling room has strong maneuverability, rapid movement and convenient and flexible deployment. The constant-speed sampling head ensures that the particle components in the gas of the sample split-flow port are the same as the particle components in the main pipe of the next stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of atmospheric environment monitoring, in particular to a multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution.
Background
With the development of modern industry and transportation industry, more and more particulate matters are continuously discharged into the atmosphere by people, and the phenomenon of atmospheric pollution is more and more serious, and researches show that aerosol reduces visibility, influences precipitation distribution, has increasingly aggravated harm to human living environment, and can cause a plurality of diseases such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, lung cancer and the like by long-term inhalation of polluted air.
The problem of aerosol pollution is more and more emphasized at present, and the problems of particle composition, source distribution and the like of the aerosol are research hot spots of the existing atmospheric aerosol, and different characteristic analysis of the aerosol usually requires a plurality of instruments with different principles to work simultaneously. However, the existing air monitoring system has the problems of fixed stations, high requirements on surrounding environment, inaccurate measurement data, poor comparability among different instrument data and the like, and influences the reliability of results. The common sampling manifold can cause turbulent flow of air flow in the manifold due to different instrument flow rates, so that collision probability among particles is increased, authenticity of a sample can not be ensured, flexibility of the manifold is low, and applicability to different instruments is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the sampling points of the existing sampling system are fixed, the measurement data is inaccurate, turbulent flow occurs in the tube when the sampling tube is connected with a plurality of instruments with inconsistent flow, the samples are unrealistic, and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of the atmospheric pollution comprises a box body, wherein an air conditioning system, an illumination system and an installation platform are arranged in the box body, a sampling main pipe system is arranged on the installation platform and used for collecting environmental aerosol, and a plurality of air outlets are arranged in the air conditioning system and used for uniformly regulating the temperature in the box body; the sampling main pipe system comprises a main sampling head, a constant-speed shunt device and branch pipes, wherein the constant-speed shunt device comprises a plurality of main pipes which are vertically arranged, the tail part of each main pipe can be detachably connected with the adjacent main pipes, each main pipe is provided with a shunt opening, the branch pipes are connected with the shunt openings, the head part of each main pipe is provided with the constant-speed sampling head which is coaxially arranged with the main pipe, the constant-speed sampling head is arranged in the main pipe through a first connecting pipe, the top part of the first connecting pipe stretches into the constant-speed sampling head and is sealed with the constant-speed sampling head, the outer wall of the bottom of the first connecting pipe is sealed with the inner wall of the main pipe, part of gas in the main sampling head enters the constant-speed sampling head, and the other part of gas enters the shunt openings; the part of the main pipe below the first connecting pipe is provided with a gas expansion channel, and the expansion channel is communicated with the inlet of the next main pipe; the branch pipeline is connected with the monitoring instrument.
Further, a drying pipe, a flow sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor are further arranged on the branch pipeline.
Further, the top and bottom inboard that is responsible for is equipped with the annular groove, sets up the sealing washer in the recess, and adjacent is responsible for head and afterbody inboard is provided with the second connecting pipe that link up two and is responsible for, tight fit between second connecting pipe and the main pipe inner wall and the sealing washer.
Furthermore, the gas inlet of the constant-speed sampling head is conical, a columnar gap is formed in the bottom of the gas inlet, the first connecting pipe stretches into the columnar gap, the end face of the first connecting pipe abuts against the end face of the columnar gap, an annular groove is formed in the first connecting pipe or the constant-speed sampling head, and a sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove and used for sealing a gap between the outer wall of the first connecting pipe and the constant-speed sampling head; the radius of the inlet of the constant-speed sampling head is set according to the flow required by the split-flow port of the corresponding main pipe.
Further, any section of the gas diverging channel of the main pipe passing through the axial lead is isosceles trapezoid, and the included angle between the waist of the trapezoid and the axial lead is 6-7.5 degrees.
Further, the container body is a container, a vent hole is formed in the container bottom plate, a damping air cushion is arranged between the mounting platform and the bottom, and the damping air cushion is mounted on the container bottom plate through a fixing bolt.
Further, the inner wall of the container is provided with an insulating layer.
From the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: the sampling room has strong maneuverability, rapid movement and convenient and flexible deployment. The adaptability is good, the control of geographical conditions is avoided, the simultaneous monitoring of multiple points and multiple instruments can be carried out, and the authenticity of the sample is improved. The main pipe air flow direction is vertical, and the laminar flow is kept before entering the sampling head, so that the sampling loss is effectively avoided, meanwhile, the influence of possible micro turbulence in the sampling process on the sampling efficiency is reduced by adopting the thin-wall constant-speed sampling nozzle, the particle components in the gas of the sample split-flow port are ensured to be the same as the particle components in the main pipe of the next stage, and the authenticity of the sample is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a medium speed shunt device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the local resistance coefficient and the divergent angle of the divergent pipe according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of diverging angle versus local loss;
FIG. 5 is a plot of divergent angle versus tube length.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in the figure, the multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of the atmospheric pollution comprises a box body 11, wherein the box body is formed by reforming a container, an inner working area and a power distribution area are formed, an air conditioning system, a power distribution box and cables are arranged in the power distribution area, a rack is fixed on a bottom plate of the working area, a mounting platform 10 is arranged on the rack, on-line monitoring equipment 9 and a sampling main pipe system 14 are fixed on the mounting platform, the air conditioning system and a lighting system are arranged at the top of the box body, and a temperature and humidity monitoring device is arranged in a room. An all-steel ventilating plate is arranged in the container as a floor by taking a tail door of the container as equipment entering the container; the outer wall of the top of the container body is provided with a photovoltaic power generation system and a detachable total sampling head, wherein the total sampling head is a PM10 cutting head or a PM2.5 cutting head or an inverted U-shaped bent sampling tube. The rack is of a multi-layer structure and is divided into a plurality of installation spaces according to the number and the volume of the on-line monitoring devices. The bottom of the frame is provided with a plurality of damping air cushions which are arranged on the container bottom plate through fixing bolts. And filling heat insulation cotton between the decorative inner wall of the monitoring room and the corrugated plate skin of the container. The top of the container can be provided with a small weather monitoring station for monitoring parameters such as temperature and humidity, wind speed, wind direction, air pressure and the like in the area.
The sampling room has strong maneuverability, rapid movement and convenient and flexible deployment. The adaptability is good, and the control of geographic conditions is avoided. The air conditioning system is designed with heat preservation, so that the working environment of the instrument is stable, the temperature control is convenient, the air conditioner air outlet 15 is positioned around the top of the sampling house and the ventilation floor ensures uniform cool air in the house, and condensed water is prevented from being generated by directly blowing an air inlet pipeline. The frame is integrally fixed in the container, so that the damage to internal instruments or the frame in the hoisting and transporting processes can be effectively prevented.
The sampling main pipe system 14 is used for collecting environmental aerosols, and comprises a main sampling head, a constant-speed flow dividing device and a branch pipeline, wherein the constant-speed flow dividing device comprises a plurality of sections of main pipes 2, the number of the main pipes is selected according to actual needs, two sections of main pipes are taken as examples in the embodiment, the tail of each main pipe can be detachably connected with the adjacent main pipes, and the inlet of the first section of main pipe is provided with a pipeline with the length of 30 cm. Each section of main pipe is provided with a split-flow port 8, the split-flow port 8 is used for externally connecting a monitoring instrument, the head of the main pipe is provided with a constant-speed sampling head 6, the constant-speed sampling head 6 and the main pipe 2 are coaxially arranged, the constant-speed sampling head 6 is arranged in the main pipe 2 through a first connecting pipe 7, the top of the first connecting pipe 7 stretches into the constant-speed sampling head 6 and is sealed with the constant-speed sampling head 6, the outer wall of the bottom of the first connecting pipe 7 is sealed with the inner wall of the main pipe 2, a part of gas entering the main pipe 2 enters the constant-speed sampling head 6, and the other part of gas enters the split-flow port 8; the part of the main pipe 2 below the first connecting pipe is provided with a gas divergent channel 4, and the divergent channel 4 is communicated with the inlet of the next main pipe. The branch pipeline is connected with the split-flow port, and the branch pipeline 13 is also provided with a drying pipe 12, a flow sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor.
The top and bottom inboard that is responsible for 2 are equipped with annular groove 5, set up the sealing washer in the recess, and adjacent are responsible for head and afterbody inboard is provided with the second connecting pipe 3 that link up two and is responsible for, and the tight fit between second connecting pipe 3 and the interior wall of being responsible for and the sealing washer utilizes the second connecting pipe to link together both. Thereby realizing multistage fixation.
The gas inlet of the constant speed sampling head 6 is conical, a columnar gap is formed in the bottom of the gas inlet, the first connecting pipe stretches into the columnar gap, the end face of the first connecting pipe abuts against the end face of the columnar gap, an annular groove is formed in the first connecting pipe 7 or the constant speed sampling head, and a sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove and used for sealing a gap between the outer wall of the first connecting pipe and the constant speed sampling head. The radius of the inlet of the constant-speed sampling head is set according to the flow required by the split-flow port of the corresponding main pipe. Constant velocity sampling head flow velocity V x ＝q x /s x In the same horizontal position of the main pipeCorresponding gas flow rate vx=q x-1 S, where q x S is the sampling flow rate (according to the instrument flow rate) of the constant-speed sampling head x Is the inner cross section area of a sampling port of the constant-speed sampling head, Q x-1 Corresponding flow is carried out on the manifold at the same horizontal position, and S is the internal sectional area of the manifold. Sampling port inner cross section s of constant velocity sampling head x The ratio S of the flow rate S to the inner cross section of the constant velocity sampling device is equal to the flow rate q at the sampling port of the constant velocity sampling head x With the total flow Q of the device at the same horizontal position x-1 Ratio of the two components. Thus, the isovelocity sampling head specification can be determined. The device flexibility is strong, can dismantle, and accessible adjustment is responsible for the integration sampling that the festival number is applicable to different instrument quantity. The constant-speed sampling head specification is adjusted to be suitable for instruments with different flow rates.
The gas after entering the constant velocity sampling head passes through the first connecting pipe and then enters the gas divergent channel 4. If the pipe diameter of the pipeline suddenly expands, fluid suddenly enters the large pipeline from the small pipeline, fluid particles cannot be attached to the wall surface at the suddenly expanded position immediately due to the inertia effect, a series of vortexes can appear, at the moment, when aerosol is collected, not only the mechanical energy of air flow is lost, but also the disturbance of aerosol particles is easily caused, and the aerosol form is influenced by the interaction of particle collision, separation and the like. On the other hand, the flow rate of the gas must be redistributed as it enters the large tube from the small tube, increasing the relative motion of the gas, resulting in further impact friction of the gas and contained aerosol. There is a local loss over a long distance from the start of the vortex to the disappearance.
In the design process of the main pipe, the air flow is kept stable as much as possible, the pipeline is not easy to be overlong, the local resistance loss can be used as the basis for measuring the air flow state of the sampling pipe, and the optimal divergent angle (the angle between the waist of an isosceles trapezoid formed by any section of the axial lead of the divergent channel and the axial lead is also called the divergent angle) is selected so as to effectively reduce the local resistance and avoid influencing the form of sampling particles due to vortex generation. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the local resistance coefficient and the taper angle of the taper pipe according to the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 3, for a given pipe diameter ratio, the local drag coefficient is minimal when 2.5 < θ < 7.5. However, when the diffusion angle is less than 2.5 °, the diverging section is too long, which results in a large frictional resistance, and the long pipe requires a large space, which is very inconvenient for the aerosol sampling manifold. An angle greater than 7.5 ° causes the gas wall flow to separate, resulting in a pressure recovery differential, creating a vortex.
In the design of the sampling main pipe, aerosol enters the next stage for sampling through the gradually-enlarged pipe after passing through the constant-speed flow dividing device, and the diameter d of the inlet of the gradually-enlarged pipe in the embodiment 1 Outlet diameter d =8mm 2 =31 mm, the local losses calculated for different divergent angles θ (h j ) As shown in fig. 4, when the diverging angle is smaller than 8 °, the local loss change of the pipeline is stable, the local loss is small, and the air flow is stable.
Fig. 5 shows the relationship between the diverging angle and the diverging channel length, and when the angle is greater than 6 °, the tube length can be greatly reduced, preferably 7 °. In summary, the angle of the diverging angle should be greater than 6 ° and less than 7.5 °, preferably 7 °.
The inner wall of the whole sampling tube is polished, so that the inner wall of the sampling tube is smooth, frictional resistance in the aerosol transmission process is reduced, and pipeline blockage and particulate loss caused by the adhesion of particulate matters in a pipeline are avoided. The cross section area of the outer wall of the main pipe is designed into a regular hexagon, the appearance is more attractive, and the outer wall is provided with a plane, so that the main pipe is conveniently fixed on a rack or a wall through screws. The longitudinal sections of the shunt ports are all rectangular.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides an integrated portable sampling cabin of many instruments of atmospheric pollution on-line monitoring, includes box, its characterized in that: an air conditioning system, an illumination system and a mounting platform are arranged in the box body, the mounting platform is provided with a monitoring instrument, the monitoring instrument is connected with a sampling main pipe system, the sampling main pipe system is used for collecting environmental aerosol and conveying the collected sample to the monitoring instrument, and a plurality of air outlets are arranged around the top of the air conditioning system and used for uniformly regulating the temperature in the box body; the sampling main pipe system comprises a main sampling head, a constant-speed shunt device and branch pipelines, wherein the constant-speed shunt device comprises a plurality of main pipes which are vertically arranged, the tail part of each main pipe can be detachably connected with the adjacent main pipes, each main pipe is provided with a shunt port which is used for externally connecting a monitoring instrument, the head part of each main pipe is provided with the constant-speed sampling head which is coaxially arranged with the main pipe, the constant-speed sampling head is arranged in the main pipe through a first connecting pipe, the top part of the first connecting pipe stretches into the constant-speed sampling head and is sealed with the constant-speed sampling head, the outer wall of the bottom of the first connecting pipe is sealed with the inner wall of the main pipe, a gas part entering the main pipe enters the constant-speed sampling head, and the other part enters the shunt ports; the part of the main pipe below the first connecting pipe is provided with a gas divergent channel, and the gas divergent channel is communicated with the inlet of the next main pipe; the branch pipeline is connected with a monitoring instrument; the branch pipeline is also provided with a drying pipe, a flow sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor; the top and bottom inboard that is responsible for is equipped with the annular groove, sets up the sealing washer in the recess, and adjacent is responsible for head and afterbody inboard is provided with the second connecting pipe that link up two and is responsible for, tight fit between second connecting pipe and the main pipe inner wall and the sealing washer.
2. The multi-instrument integrated mobile sampling pod for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution of claim 1, wherein: the gas inlet of the constant-speed sampling head is conical, a columnar notch is formed in the bottom of the gas inlet, the first connecting pipe stretches into the columnar notch, the end face of the first connecting pipe abuts against the end face of the columnar notch, an annular groove is formed in the first connecting pipe or the constant-speed sampling head, and a sealing ring is arranged in the annular groove and used for sealing a gap between the outer wall of the first connecting pipe and the constant-speed sampling head; the radius of the inlet of the constant-speed sampling head is set according to the flow required by the split-flow port of the corresponding main pipe.
3. The multi-instrument integrated mobile sampling pod for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution of claim 1, wherein: the gas divergent channel of the main pipe is isosceles trapezoid in any section passing through the axial lead, and the included angle between the waist of the trapezoid and the axial lead is 6-7.5 degrees.
4. The multi-instrument integrated portable sampling pod for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution of claim 1, wherein
The method comprises the following steps: the container body is formed by reforming a container, a vent hole is formed in a container bottom plate, a damping air cushion is arranged between the mounting platform and the bottom, and the damping air cushion is mounted on the container bottom plate through a fixing bolt.
5. The multi-instrument integrated mobile sampling pod for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution of claim 4, wherein: the inner wall of the container is provided with an insulating layer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811415175.3A CN109253899B (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811415175.3A CN109253899B (en) | 2018-11-23 | 2018-11-23 | Multi-instrument integrated movable sampling cabin for on-line monitoring of atmospheric pollution |
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| CN109253899A CN109253899A (en) | 2019-01-22 |
| CN109253899B true CN109253899B (en) | 2023-10-17 |
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