CN109252023B - Method for heating part local quenching based on fluidized graphite particle furnace - Google Patents

Method for heating part local quenching based on fluidized graphite particle furnace Download PDF

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CN109252023B
CN109252023B CN201811264799.XA CN201811264799A CN109252023B CN 109252023 B CN109252023 B CN 109252023B CN 201811264799 A CN201811264799 A CN 201811264799A CN 109252023 B CN109252023 B CN 109252023B
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quenching
heating
graphite particle
furnace
local
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CN109252023A (en
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李旭军
魏垣伟
闫国生
孙权武
孟慧斌
郭俊文
武凯
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Shanxi North Machine Building Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/53—Heating in fluidised beds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F27D2019/0078—Regulation of the speed of the gas through the charge

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for heating part local quenching based on a fluidized graphite particle furnace, belonging to the technical field of machining. Firstly, designing a heating protection device of a workpiece according to the local quenching form of a part to protect a non-quenching part; secondly, designing a heat insulation protection means for the non-quenching part; then controlling the air distribution flow of the graphite particle furnace; finally, a separate quenching means is designed. Compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the production technology of local quenching of the heating part based on the fluidized graphite particle heating furnace, effectively solves the limitation of local quenching of the salt bath furnace, has the characteristics of high quality, high efficiency, energy conservation, no pollution and low cost, and is an effective substitute method for the local quenching of the salt bath furnace at present.

Description

Method for heating part local quenching based on fluidized graphite particle furnace
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for heating part local quenching based on a fluidized graphite particle furnace, belonging to the technical field of machining.
Background
The main heating method for heat treatment of finished products of certain types of products is a salt bath furnace: a medium-temperature salt bath and a high-temperature salt bath, the main chemical component of which is BaCl2. Because barium ions in the salt bath are heavy metal elements, the discharge of the barium ions remained in the quenching medium of the salt bath quenching part or the salt water mixture for cleaning the part pollutes the environment, and a new heat treatment process technology needs to be introduced to promote the development of a heat treatment technology, improve the environmental protection and reduce the occupational hazards.
Through research, the local quenching (except for medium-high frequency surface quenching) of the salt bath furnace is a processing method which cannot be replaced by each heat treatment production unit at present, so that the research of local quenching by using a fluidized graphite particle heating furnace is urgently needed, the use frequency of the salt bath furnace is reduced, and the production technology of high quality, high efficiency, energy saving, no pollution and low cost is realized.
According to the requirements of modern green manufacturing industry and environment-friendly production, a method for heating parts by using a fluidized graphite particle furnace for local quenching needs to be invented, so that the limitation of local quenching of the salt bath furnace is solved, and the effects of energy conservation and environment protection are achieved.
The invention provides a scheme for locally protecting a non-quenched heating part and controlling air distribution flow of a graphite particle furnace by adopting a heat insulation and preservation method of filling aluminum silicate refractory fibers in a tool.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of how to utilize a fluidized graphite particle heating furnace to carry out local quenching, reduce the use frequency of a salt bath furnace and realize a production technology of high quality, high efficiency, energy saving, no pollution and low cost, and provides a method for heating parts to locally quench based on a fluidized graphite particle furnace so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for heating part local quenching based on a fluid graphite particle furnace comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a heating protection device of the part according to the local quenching form of the part to protect the non-quenching part;
step two: designing a heat insulation protection means for a non-quenching part;
step three: controlling the air distribution flow of the graphite particle furnace;
step four: and designing a separate quenching means.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention realizes the production technology of local quenching of the heating part based on the fluidized graphite particle heating furnace, effectively solves the limitation of local quenching of the salt bath furnace, has the characteristics of high quality, high efficiency, energy conservation, no pollution and low cost, and is an effective substitute method for the local quenching of the salt bath furnace at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partial quenching structure of a pump barrel.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a low-wind low-pressure local heating part of a graphite particle furnace.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a partial quench protection tooling design and embodiment; (a) pattern schematic diagram, and (b) material object schematic diagram.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a part partial quenching clamping and quenching process; (a) a schematic diagram of material object loading and a schematic diagram of quenching process.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the design and the material of the part protection tool bottom not filled with asbestos; (a) a pattern top view, (b) a pattern side view, (c) a real object top view, and (d) a real object side view.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a design and a material object of a part protection tool with a small amount of asbestos filled at the bottom; (a) drawing side view, (b) object top view.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1:
a method for heating parts and partially quenching parts based on a fluidized graphite particle furnace takes a partially quenched drawing cylinder as shown in figure 1 as an example, and the partially quenched part is part I shown in the figure, and introduces the basic implementation process of the invention as follows:
1. test No. 1
1) Scheme-low wind low pressure local heating method
When the salt bath furnace is heated to the austenitizing temperature of the steel, the surface of the steel is very flat, and the method is the most effective method for realizing the local heating of parts. In the test process, by observing the characteristics of the graphite particle furnace during heating, the surface of the graphite particle furnace is basically in a flat state if the pressure of the air distribution plate of the graphite particle furnace is adjusted to be the lowest and the power supply voltage is reduced. Therefore, a heating method similar to a salt bath furnace is adopted, and the part is locally extended into the graphite particle medium and the air medium surface for heating.
2) Test results
Tests prove that the method cannot achieve the purpose of local heating because the heat of the heating part is diffused to expand the heat affected zone due to long heating time of the particle furnace and influence the hardness of the non-quenching part, and the heating method is rejected by the tests. The state of heating the part by the low-wind low-pressure local heating method is shown in fig. 2. 2. 2 nd test
1) Scheme-tool protection heating integral quenching method
According to the fire resistance and heat preservation performance of the aluminum silicate fibers, a heating protection tool for filling the aluminum silicate fire resistant fibers into parts is designed, the parts which do not need to be quenched are protected in a heat insulation mode, the patterns and objects of the tool are shown in a figure 3, and the clamping and quenching processes are shown in a figure 4.
2) Test results
The results of the tube drawing before and after quenching are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of drawn tube after heat preservation by adopting tooling
Figure GDA0001901800660000031
3) And (4) conclusion:
the detection results in table 1 show that: after the graphite particle furnace is heated by adopting a tool filling aluminum silicate refractory fiber heat insulation method for local protection, local quenching can be realized, and the technical requirements of product part patterns are met.
The test has the following defects: because the test parts and the tool enter oil at the same time, the oil fume quantity brought out after the fiber is immersed in the oil and is discharged from the oil groove after quenching is large, and the environmental pollution is influenced, and the following new improvement measures are provided aiming at the defect.
3. Test No. 3
1) Scheme-independent oil-feeding quenching method for tool protection parts
In order to overcome the defects of the tool, the design tool is improved again. According to the shape characteristics of the part, the tail end of the part is provided with a protruding hook, in order to quickly separate the part from the tool before quenching, a movable bottom plate is designed at the bottom of the tool, the movable bottom plate of the tool is quickly drawn out by utilizing the air cooling time before the oil enters the pumping tube for quenching, and the pumping tube is separated from the tool before the oil enters the pumping tube for air cooling time, so that the part of the pumping tube is independently subjected to oil entering and quenching. The tool is shown in fig. 5 and 6.
2) Test procedure and results
Two methods were used in this experiment:
the method comprises the following steps: the bottom of the tool was not filled with asbestos, see fig. 5, and the test results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 detection results of tool protection unfilled asbestos according to FIG. 5
Figure GDA0001901800660000041
Table 2 the results show that: after the bottom is not filled with asbestos and quenched, the quenching test result of the graphite particle furnace completely meets the technical requirement of product patterns.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: the bottom of the tooling was filled with a small amount of asbestos, see FIG. 6, and the test results are shown in Table 3. (Note: in Table 3, the hardness in the original state was measured by using the quenched part in method 1)
TABLE 3 detection results of asbestos packed in the tool protection according to FIG. 6
Figure GDA0001901800660000042
Table 3 the results show that: after the bottom is filled with a small amount of asbestos, the quenching part has good effect, the hardness of the non-quenching part is reduced, and the analysis shows that the possible reasons are as follows: after the asbestos is protected, the heat-affected zone has poor heat dissipation, so that the temperature is increased to cause secondary tempering of the quenched and tempered part.
3) Conclusion
After the tool is used for heat insulation protection, the method 1 is adopted to carry out local quenching, and the local quenching effect is good.
In summary, a method for heating parts and locally quenching parts based on a fluidized graphite particle furnace comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a heating protection device of the part according to the local quenching form of the part;
the heating part is arranged outside the protection device, the heating part which is not needed is sealed in the heating protection device, and for the component extracting barrel of the embodiment, the heating protection device is of a box body structure with a U-shaped groove at the bottom and an upper cover.
Step two: designing a heat insulation protection means for a non-quenching part;
the periphery of the box body is provided with a heat insulation layer with the thickness of 10mm +/-1, and the heat insulation layer is filled with refractory materials such as aluminum silicate refractory fibers to insulate and protect the parts which do not need to be quenched.
Step three: controlling the air distribution flow of the graphite particle furnace;
according to the characteristics of the size, shape, thickness and the like of the quenching part, the air distribution flow of the part with the thickness less than or equal to 20mm is controlled to be moderate, and the voltage is controlled to be 250 +/-5V.
Step four: and designing a separate quenching means.
According to the shape characteristics of the part shown in figure 1, a protruding hook is arranged at the tail end of the part, in order to rapidly separate the part from a tool before quenching, a movable bottom plate is designed at the bottom of the tool, the movable bottom plate of the tool is rapidly drawn out by utilizing the air cooling time before the oil is introduced into the pumping tube during quenching, the pumping tube is separated from the tool before the oil is introduced into the pumping tube during the air cooling time of the pumping tube, and the part of the pumping tube is independently subjected to oil quenching.
Example 2:
based on the method of the embodiment 1, the partial quenching process of the extractor tube is as follows:
1. card holder
The parts are arranged in the tool shown in figure 5, and the alumina silicate refractory fiber is arranged in the heat insulation layer, so that the non-quenching parts of the parts are isolated and protected. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited to alumina-silicate refractory fibers, and that any material that provides both refractory and thermal insulation properties may be used to enclose the barrier layer.
2. Adjusting equipment parameters
The air distribution flow is regulated and controlled to be moderate, and the voltage is controlled to be 250V.
3. Local quenching
And (3) after heat preservation according to process parameters, quickly drawing out the movable bottom plate of the tool, separating the pumping cylinder from the tool before oil is filled in by utilizing the air cooling time of the pumping cylinder, and independently filling oil into the parts for quenching.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and that various other forms of the product can be obtained by anyone who has the benefit of the present invention, and any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present invention, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for heating part local quenching based on a fluid graphite particle furnace is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: designing a heating protection device of the workpiece according to the local quenching form of the part to protect the non-quenching part;
the heating protection device is a barrel-shaped structure or a box-shaped structure which is provided with an opening for extending the quenching part and a movable upper cover;
step two: designing a heat insulation protection means for a non-quenching part;
the non-quenching part heat insulation protection means is that a heat insulation layer is arranged on the heating protection device and is filled with refractory materials;
step three: controlling the air distribution flow of the graphite particle furnace;
the air distribution flow of the graphite particle furnace is controlled to be moderate for parts with the thickness less than or equal to 20mm, and the voltage is controlled to be 250 +/-5V;
step four: and designing a separate quenching means.
2. The method for locally quenching the heating part based on the fluidized graphite particle furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the refractory material is aluminum silicate refractory fiber.
3. The method for locally quenching the heating part based on the fluidized graphite particle furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the separated quenching means is that a movable bottom plate is arranged on the heating protection device, so that the movable bottom plate is easy to install after the parts are installed and is easy to take out before quenching.
4. The method for locally quenching the heating part based on the fluidized graphite particle furnace as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the movable bottom plate is of a sheet structure with a boss.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101086030A (en) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-12 江苏亚星锚链有限公司 Heat insulation device for protecting anchor chain adjacent ring
CN102134633A (en) * 2011-01-20 2011-07-27 北京卫星制造厂 Precise heat treatment method of high-precision elastic element
CN102864294A (en) * 2012-10-09 2013-01-09 贵州师范大学 Method and device of local heat treatment for thin-walled tubular parts
CN204265802U (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-04-15 济南重工股份有限公司 Plunger quenching frock
CN108588386A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-09-28 江苏万力机械股份有限公司 A kind of production method of high intensity bent axle

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5468308A (en) * 1994-08-22 1995-11-21 The Torrington Company Surface treated cast iron bearing element
JP6311955B2 (en) * 2012-07-24 2018-04-18 日立金属株式会社 Mold quenching method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101086030A (en) * 2006-06-08 2007-12-12 江苏亚星锚链有限公司 Heat insulation device for protecting anchor chain adjacent ring
CN102134633A (en) * 2011-01-20 2011-07-27 北京卫星制造厂 Precise heat treatment method of high-precision elastic element
CN102864294A (en) * 2012-10-09 2013-01-09 贵州师范大学 Method and device of local heat treatment for thin-walled tubular parts
CN204265802U (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-04-15 济南重工股份有限公司 Plunger quenching frock
CN108588386A (en) * 2018-05-21 2018-09-28 江苏万力机械股份有限公司 A kind of production method of high intensity bent axle

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