CN109251740B - Oil displacement and profile control system and oil displacement method suitable for carbonate weathering crust reservoir - Google Patents
Oil displacement and profile control system and oil displacement method suitable for carbonate weathering crust reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust storage, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 2 percent of nano silicon dioxide, 0.01 to 3.0 percent of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water. The invention also discloses a preparation method thereof, which comprises the steps of adding nano silicon dioxide into water at room temperature, stirring and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the nano silicon dioxide is uniformly dispersed in the water; and adding quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and stirring to fully dissolve the surfactant to obtain the water-soluble organic silicon oil. The profile control system adopts quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and easily-obtained silicon dioxide nano material, has certain pressure reduction and injection increase effects, good stability and stratum injectability, good interface stability and emulsifying property, can achieve the effect of oil displacement, and can also perform stratum profile control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to a profile control and flooding system and a flooding method suitable for carbonate weathering crust reservoir.
Background
Currently, carbonate weathering crust reservoirs are widely developed in marine hydrocarbon-bearing basins around the world. Statistics (2009) indicate that in 202 carbonate oil and gas fields worldwide, the weathered crust accounted for 22%. China also has a batch of high-quality large weathering crust oil and gas fields, such as Bohai Bay basin dune oil fields, Tarim basin Tahe oil fields and Tanan oil and gas fields, and Jing-edge (Changqing) gas fields of Orldosi basin, etc. Carbonate weathering reservoirs are characterized by extensive development of the weathering crust providing important oil and gas migration pathways and storage spaces. However, due to different development degrees of the weathering crust, the permeability of the reservoir is greatly different, and the permeability is less than 0.01 multiplied by 10-3μm2To 5X 10-3μm2The distribution is uniform, and the reservoir has strong heterogeneity due to large physical difference. Thus, it is possible to provideThe oil displacement efficiency of the conventional oil displacement method is very low.
Chemical flooding is one of the main methods for improving the recovery ratio of oil fields developed by water injection in China. Among them, the nanomaterial oil displacement system is of great interest because of its characteristics of pressure reduction and injection enhancement effect and suitability for low permeability reservoirs. However, because the common pure nano material system has poor dispersibility and stability under the conditions of higher salinity and temperature of an oil reservoir, stable adsorption cannot be formed on an interface especially in a heterogeneous reservoir layer such as a crack; the surfactant has high interfacial activity and is easy to form an emulsion system, but the formed two-phase interface has poor stability and is easy to crack and coalesce.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a profile control and flooding system and a method for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir, wherein the profile control and flooding system has strong stability and higher interface strength and can play a role in displacing oil in a heterogeneous layer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 2 percent of nano silicon dioxide, 0.01 to 3.0 percent of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water.
Preferably, the profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 percent of nano silicon dioxide, 0.03 to 1 percent of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water.
Preferably, the profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2 percent of nano silicon dioxide, 0.05 percent of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water.
Preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant has a structure represented by formula 1:
In the formula 1, R at two ends is a carbon chain with equal length, and the carbon chain is C10H21、C12H25Or C14H29N is 1 or 2.
Preferably, the nano-silica is hydrophilic self-dispersing nano-silica.
Preferably, the average particle size of the nano-silica is 12 to 18 nm.
Preferably, the water is clear water or treated oil field reinjection sewage, and the total mineralization degree of the water<50000mg/L，pH>5，ρOil<50 mg/L，ρSuspended matter<50 mg/L。
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust storage, which comprises the following steps:
at room temperature, adding nano silicon dioxide into water, stirring and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the nano silicon dioxide is uniformly dispersed in the water; and adding a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and stirring to fully dissolve the surfactant to obtain a profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir.
Preferably, the stirring time is 3-5 minutes, and the ultrasonic time is 60-70 min.
The invention also discloses an oil displacement method suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir, which adopts the profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir to displace oil and comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting a pre-pretreatment slug into the stratum, wherein the injection volume of the pre-pretreatment slug is 0.1-1.0% of the pore volume of the stratum;
(2) injecting a main slug into the stratum, wherein the injection volume is 30-50% of the total pore volume of the stratum;
(3) injecting a post-protection plug into the stratum, wherein the volume injection amount of the post-protection plug is 0.1-1.0% of the total pore volume of the stratum;
(4) closing the well for 5-10 days;
(5) and opening the well to recover production.
The pre-pretreatment slug is an aqueous solution of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and the mass fraction of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant in the aqueous solution is 0.1-0.4%;
the main slug is the profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir;
the postposition protective slug is the water solution of the nano silicon dioxide, and the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide in the water solution is 2 percent.
The surfactant can reduce capillary pressure and increase capillary number, and the nano material has strong migration and adsorption capacity and can stabilize emulsion, so that the surfactant and the nano material can play a role in improving oil washing efficiency and swept volume. The traditional cationic surfactant generates precipitation due to the charge adsorption on the surface of the formation during oil displacement, and the dosage is too large, so that the cost is increased, and the environmental pollution is also caused. The cationic surfactant adopted by the invention has two hydrophilic groups and stronger hydrophilicity, when the nano silicon dioxide and the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant are compounded, the surfactant exists in a U-shaped conformation in water due to the interaction between hydrophobic chains, the nano silicon dioxide has negative charge in water, the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant has positive charge in water, and the nano silicon dioxide exists in a water phase interface which is close to two polar groups in the U-shaped conformation of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant due to charge effect, the nano silicon dioxide has large distance between particles and small interparticle attractive force effect, is not easy to aggregate, the dispersion stability of the cationic surfactant is greatly improved, and meanwhile, due to the steric hindrance of the polar groups and the existence of the nano silicon dioxide, the charge density of micelles formed by the surfactant is reduced, and on the other hand, the volume of the polar groups is larger, in addition, the existence of the nano silicon dioxide increases the adsorption area of a single micelle on the surface of the solution, reduces the dosage of the surfactant and reduces coalescence. When the surfactant meets oil in the stratum, the surfactant spontaneously forms emulsion with water and crude oil, the formed emulsion can re-disperse the nano silicon dioxide, and the silicon dioxide is separated from the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant immediately and adsorbed on a solid-liquid and liquid-liquid interface, so that the adhesion force between the crude oil and the rock surface is reduced, an adsorption boundary layer is reduced, and the crude oil is more easily stripped from the rock surface under the scouring action of water. The crude oil, the surfactant and the nano silicon dioxide play a synergistic role in promoting the displacement of the crude oil. Meanwhile, due to charge attraction, part of the nano silicon dioxide generates electrostatic adsorption effect on the surfactant again, and forms tight packing on the oil-water interface of the emulsion, so that the obtained emulsion has good stability and high interface strength and can play a certain role in profile control.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional polymer flooding and ternary combination flooding, the invention has the following advantages: the nano silicon dioxide is an industrialized product, is cheap and easy to obtain, has simple steps when the surfactant is synthesized and compounded with the nano material, has clear process, and does not need to consume time for further treatment; the oil displacement control system can play a role in oil displacement in a homogeneous layer, has a certain pressure reduction and injection increase effect, has good stability and stratum injectability, has good interface stability and emulsifying property, can play a role in oil displacement, and can also perform stratum profile control.
(2) The nano silicon dioxide and the quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant adopted by the invention have good synergistic effect, the single nano silicon dioxide system has poor emulsifying property, and the pure surfactant system has poor emulsion stabilizing property, when the nano silicon dioxide and the quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant are compounded, the nano silicon dioxide participates in the conformation of the surfactant, the adsorption area of micelle formed by the surfactant is increased, the charge density is reduced, the using amount of the surfactant is reduced, and the coalescence of the surfactant is reduced.
(3) The nano-silica composite profile control system adopted by the invention has small particle size, can be suitable for various heterogeneous oil reservoirs, is particularly suitable for low-permeability oil reservoirs, has good temperature resistance, salt resistance and shear resistance, and can avoid adverse effects caused by viscosity loss in binary composite flooding or ternary composite flooding.
(4) The nano silicon dioxide composite profile control and flooding system adopted by the invention has good aging stability, and the composite profile control and flooding system still keeps stable volume and particle size after aging for two months at 75 ℃, which indicates that the composite structure of the nano silicon dioxide and the surfactant and the stable adsorption on the interface can not be damaged by long-time high temperature.
(5) The nano silicon dioxide emulsion adopted by the invention can still keep better structural strength after the oil reservoir is aged at temperature, can effectively block a high-seepage channel, enables the subsequent injection pressure to keep higher level, has better fluidity control capability, and can obviously improve the swept volume of the subsequent fluid.
(6) The invention does not add alkali, thus avoiding the adverse effect caused by alkali.
(7) The oil displacement method is simple, and the oil displacement effect of the compound profile control and flooding system can be improved to the maximum extent by arranging three oil displacement slugs.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of an experiment after emulsification of the profile control system in the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein R is C12H25The linear carbon chain, the surfactant with n being 1 and the nano silicon dioxide compound system have a trend chart of surface tension changing along with concentration.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
A profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 to 2 percent of nano silicon dioxide, 0.01 to 3.0 percent of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water.
The quaternary ammonium salt surfactant has a structure represented by formula 1:
R at both ends in formula 1 is carbon with equal lengthA chain, the carbon chain is C10H21、C12H25Or C14H29N is 1 or 2. The nano silicon dioxide is hydrophilic self-dispersing nano silicon dioxide. The average particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 12-18 nm. The water is clear water or treated oil field reinjection sewage, and the total mineralization degree of the water<50000 mg/L，pH>5，ρOil<50 mg/L，ρSuspended matter<50 mg/L。
A preparation method of a profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust comprises the following steps:
at room temperature (20 +/-5 ℃), adding nano silicon dioxide into water, stirring for 3-5 minutes, and then performing ultrasonic treatment for 60-70min to uniformly disperse the nano silicon dioxide in the water; and adding a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and stirring for 3-5 minutes to fully dissolve the surfactant to obtain the profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust storage.
A method for displacing oil suitable for a carbonate weathering crust reservoir, which is used for displacing oil by adopting a profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir when the water content of an oil well corresponding to a water injection well is remarkably increased, the development effect is deteriorated due to low or ineffective water flooding and a large amount of residual oil is remained in a stratum, and comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting a pre-pretreatment slug into the stratum, wherein the injection volume of the pre-pretreatment slug is 0.1-1.0% of the pore volume of the stratum;
(2) injecting a main slug into the stratum, wherein the injection volume is 30-50% of the total pore volume of the stratum;
(3) injecting a post-protection plug into the stratum, wherein the volume injection amount of the post-protection plug is 0.1-1.0% of the total pore volume of the stratum;
(4) closing the well for 5-10 days;
(5) and opening the well to recover production.
The pre-pretreatment slug is an aqueous solution of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and the mass fraction of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant in the aqueous solution is 0.1-0.4%. By arranging the pre-pretreatment slug, the near-well oil saturation can be reduced, the relative permeability difference of an oil-water layer is increased, and the injection of subsequent working fluid is facilitated.
The main slug is the profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir; through setting up the oil displacement system slug, the high-efficient surfactant of oil displacement agent can show the wash-out efficiency who improves oil displacement agent through reducing oil water interfacial tension in the oil displacement system, and nanometer silica produces the absorption on the rock surface, drives out residual oil, and simultaneously, is rich in nanometer silica micron yardstick's emulsion of close packing on oil water interface, owing to can be stable exist in the stratum, can realize the shutoff to high seepage flow channel, enlarge the swept volume of follow-up fluid, through the combined action of three, increases substantially the crude oil recovery ratio.
The postposition protective slug is the water solution of the nano silicon dioxide, and the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide in the water solution is 2 percent. Through setting up the rearmounted protection slug, can protect main part slug full play effect, prevent that the main part slug from receiving near the great pressure differential effect of wellbore area and breaking through to improve injection pressure.
The stability of the nano silicon dioxide to the emulsion enables the emulsion to realize the plugging of a high-permeability flow channel in a stratum, the swept volume of subsequent fluid is enlarged, and the fluidity control capability of a composite profile control and flooding system is enhanced.
The addition of the surfactant can enhance the capability of the composite profile control and flooding system for reducing the tension of an oil-water interface, improve the emulsion forming and stabilizing capability of the composite profile control and flooding system, facilitate the stripping of residual oil from the surface of a rock stratum and improve the oil displacement efficiency of the composite profile control and flooding system.
The nano-silica used in the following examples was a hydrophilic silica particle dispersion having a particle size of about 13nm (pH =5 to 7), which was purchased from Aldrich-Sigma Co., Ltd., and had a specific surface area of 220 m2(ii) a density of 1.21 g/mL (25 ℃); the quaternary ammonium surfactant used was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology GmbH.
Example one
In the embodiment, the high-temperature high-salt emulsifying property of the profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust storage is evaluated.
At room temperature (20 +/-5 ℃), preparing 10mL of a composite system solution with 2.0% of nano-silica, different mass fractions of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water, wherein the surfactant has a structure shown in formula 1:
In the formula 1, R is C10H21N is 1.
The water is treated oilfield reinjection sewage, the pH value is 5.6, the total mineralization is 20000 mg/L, and rhoOil<30mg/L，ρSuspended matter<30 mg/L。
The mass fraction of the surfactant is 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% in sequence.
And mixing the solution with 10mL of n-dodecane according to a volume ratio of 1: 1, placing the mixture into a glass bottle, and continuously stirring the mixture for 4min at the speed of 10000r/min by a high-speed homogenizer. And (3) putting the obtained emulsion into a constant-temperature oven at 75 ℃, standing for 72h, and observing the emulsification condition of the system. The observation condition is shown in figure 1, and the emulsion has obvious middle phase in a large range, has stronger emulsifying capacity, has no change in the middle phase after standing and has good stability.
Example two
At room temperature (20 +/-5 ℃), preparing a composite system with the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide being 2.0 percent, the mass fraction of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant being 0.02 to 1.0 percent, and the balance being water. And measuring the trend that the interfacial tension of the composite system changes along with the change of the mass fraction of the surfactant. The surfactant has a structure represented by formula 1:
In the formula 1, R is C12H25N is 2.
The water is treated oilfield reinjection sewage, the pH value is 6.7, the total mineralization is 45000 mg/L, and rhoOil<50mg/L，ρSuspended matter<50 mg/L。
As shown in fig. 2, the surfactant concentration is plotted on the abscissa and the surface tension is plotted on the ordinate, and the measurement is performed by the flying ring method. It can be seen that the interfacial tension of the system is not reduced when the mass fraction of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant is more than 0.5%.
The comprehensive emulsifying property and interfacial tension show that when the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide is 2.0 percent and the mass fraction of the quaternary ammonium surfactant is 0.03 to 1 percent, the system has the best profile control and flooding effect.
EXAMPLE III
This example provides a method for preparing a profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering.
A profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering comprising: the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide is 0.5 percent; the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant accounts for 3% by mass; the balance of water, and the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%. The surfactant has a structure represented by formula 1:
In the formula 1, R is C14H29N is 1.
The water is clear water, the pH value is 7.0, the total mineralization is 0 mg/L, rhoOil=0 mg/L，ρSuspended matter=0 mg/L。
At room temperature (20 +/-5 ℃), adding 0.5g of silicon dioxide nano material (particle size is 13nm) and 3g of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant in 96.5g of water in sequence while stirring, and uniformly stirring for 5 minutes to prepare the profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust storage, wherein the oil-water interfacial tension of the profile control and flooding system is 2.4 mN/m.
Example four
This example provides a method for preparing a profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering.
A profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering comprising: the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide is 1.0 percent; the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant accounts for 0.01 percent by mass; the balance of water, and the sum of the mass fractions of the components is 100%. The surfactant has a structure represented by formula 1:
In the formula 1, R is C10H21N is 2.
The water is treated oilfield reinjection sewage, the pH value is 8.3, the total mineralization is 49000 mg/L, and rhoOil<50mg/L，ρSuspended matter<50 mg/L。
Under the room temperature (20 +/-5 ℃), adding 1.0g of silicon dioxide nano material (the particle size is 13nm) and 0.01g of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant in 98.99g of water in sequence while stirring, and uniformly stirring for 5 minutes to prepare the profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust storage, wherein the oil-water interfacial tension of the profile control and flooding system reaches 3 mN/m.
EXAMPLE five
The embodiment provides an oil displacement method of a profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust reservoir, which comprises the following steps: at 75 deg.C, the permeability is 1.36 μm2The artificial rock core (the length is 8.5cm, the diameter is 2.5cm, the pore volume is about 11.35mL) is vacuumized to saturate water and saturate oil, and after the water is driven to 96 percent, a composite profile control and drive system is used for oil displacement according to the following three slugs: the device comprises a front pretreatment slug, a main slug and a rear protection slug. The specific operation of the steps of nano-silica composite flooding is as follows:
(1) pre-pretreatment of a slug: the pre-pretreatment slug is an aqueous solution of a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, the mass fraction of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant in the aqueous solution is 0.1%, and the volume injection amount is 0.1% of the pore volume of the rock core;
(2) a main slug: the main slug is a profile control and flooding system which contains 2.0% of nano silicon dioxide (the particle size is 13nm) by mass fraction and 0.05% of surfactant by mass fraction and is suitable for carbonate weathering crust reservoir, the volume injection amount is 50% of the core pore volume, and the surfactant has a structure shown in formula 1:
In formula 1R is C12H25N is 1;
the water is treated oilfield reinjection sewage, the pH value is 8.5, the total mineralization is 35000 mg/L, and rhoOil<50mg/L，ρSuspended matter<50 mg/L。
(3) A rear protection slug: the post-positioned protective slug is an aqueous solution of nano silicon dioxide (the particle size is 13nm), the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide in the aqueous solution is 2.0%, and the volume injection amount is 1.0% of the pore volume of the rock core;
after the above three steps were completed and aged at 75 ℃ for 5 days, the water was again driven to 98% water content.
According to experiments, after a profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust reservoir is injected, the pressure in the subsequent water flooding stage is obviously increased, higher pressure can be still kept after water flooding by 5 times of pore volume, the fluidity control capability is stronger, and the recovery ratio increment is obviously improved by 12.11%.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A profile control and flooding system suitable for carbonate weathering crust comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-2% of nano silicon dioxide, 0.01-3.0% of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water;
the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant has a structure represented by formula 1:
in the formula 1, R at two ends is a carbon chain with equal length, and the carbon chain is C10H21、C12H25Or C14H29N is 1 or 2.
2. The profile control and flooding system for carbonate weathering of claim 1, comprising the following components in mass fraction: 2 percent of nano silicon dioxide, 0.03 to 1 percent of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water.
3. The profile control and flooding system for carbonate weathering of claim 1, comprising the following components in mass fraction: 2 percent of nano silicon dioxide, 0.5 percent of quaternary ammonium salt surfactant and the balance of water.
4. The profile control and flooding system for carbonate weathering of claim 1, wherein said nanosilica is a hydrophilic self-dispersing nanosilica.
5. The profile control and flooding system for carbonate weathering according to claim 4, wherein the nanosilica has an average particle size of 12-18 nm.
6. The profile control and flooding system for carbonate weathering reservoirs of claim 1, wherein said water is clear water or treated oilfield reinjection wastewater, said water having a total salinity<50000mg/L，pH>5，ρOil<50mg/L，ρSuspended matter<50mg/L。
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
at room temperature, adding nano silicon dioxide into water, stirring and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment until the nano silicon dioxide is uniformly dispersed in the water; and adding a quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and stirring to fully dissolve the surfactant to obtain a profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the stirring time is 3-5 minutes and the ultrasound time is 60-70 min.
9. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) injecting a pre-pretreatment slug into the stratum, wherein the volume injection amount of the pre-pretreatment slug is 0.1-1.0% of the pore volume of the stratum;
(2) injecting a main slug into the stratum, wherein the injection volume is 30-50% of the total pore volume of the stratum;
(3) injecting a post-positioned protective plug into the stratum, wherein the volume injection amount of the post-positioned protective plug is 0.1-1.0% of the total pore volume of the stratum;
(4) closing the well for 5-10 days;
(5) opening the well and recovering production;
the pre-pretreatment slug is an aqueous solution of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant, and the mass fraction of the quaternary ammonium salt surfactant in the aqueous solution is 0.1-0.4%;
the main slug is the profile control and flooding system suitable for the carbonate weathering crust reservoir;
the postposition protective slug is the water solution of the nano silicon dioxide, and the mass fraction of the nano silicon dioxide in the water solution is 2 percent.
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