CN109245924B - Method for improving robustness of coupling network based on early warning protection mechanism - Google Patents
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Abstract
A method for improving the robustness of a coupling network based on an early warning protection mechanism comprises the steps of establishing a coupling network model, and calculating and recording the degree, initial load and safety capacity of each node in the coupling network; processing the node which is attacked and has a fault in the network, and distributing the load on the fault node to the neighbor nodes according to the load distribution rule of the fault node; and starting an early warning protection mechanism to resist cascade faults, increasing the node capacity from the safety capacity to the early warning capacity, and distributing the load which is more than the safety capacity to the connected safety nodes according to an early warning node load distribution rule for the early warning nodes with the load between the safety capacity and the early warning capacity until the faults are ended. The invention provides an early warning protection mechanism of a coupling network, different protection treatments are respectively carried out on a fault node, an early warning node and a safety node, and the capability of resisting cascading failure of an interdependent network can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of multilayer network reliability, in particular to a method for improving the robustness of a coupling network based on an early warning protection mechanism.
Background
In the real world, a complete complex system consists of many interdependent systems, with different infrastructures integrated with other infrastructures. The coupling relationship between these systems ensures that these systems can operate successfully, providing a variety of services to humans. Due to this coupling and interdependence, the coupling network is very sensitive to faults. Once a failure occurs in the infrastructure network, cascading failures across the network may result, with serious economic consequences. Therefore, the cascade failure of the coupling network has attracted much attention and has been studied extensively.
In most modern networks, traffic transmission and information interaction between nodes, such as grid transport currents, vehicle movement of traffic networks, etc., are ubiquitous. Thus, work on iterative cascading failures in interdependent networks should not only focus on the static properties of the interdependent networks, but should also take into account the dynamic load on the nodes, the dynamic variation of the load and the ability of the nodes to handle additional load in the actual interdependent underlying network are also of paramount importance. The transmission traffic of a network can be measured by "load", and capacity measures the capacity of a node to transmit load. In a practical network, if the capacity of a node is large, the node can provide better service or more critical resources to maintain the normal and efficient operation of the correspondent nodes in other networks. It is generally accepted that a node is removed as soon as its load exceeds its capacity. In fact, not all overloaded nodes will be removed from the network due to certain monitoring and effective measures. In reality, the load of a part of nodes in the system can be temporarily operated beyond the capacity, but the efficiency of the system is greatly influenced, and the long-time overload operation inevitably causes final failure, thereby causing the failure of the whole system. Therefore, it is necessary to design a protection mechanism for dealing with cascading failure and even network crash caused by node overload, so that the robustness of the coupling network is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to relieve the diffusion of cascading faults caused by the load distribution of fault nodes in a network, protect more nodes from being influenced by the faults and improve the robustness of a coupled load network, the invention provides a method for improving the robustness of the coupled load network based on an early warning protection mechanism.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for improving the robustness of a coupling network based on an early warning protection mechanism comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a coupling network model G ═ (A, B, E), wherein A is an undirected and unweighted network A (V)A,EA)，VARepresenting nodes in the network A, EARepresenting the connecting edge in the network A, wherein the number of the nodes of the network A is N; b is a network B (V) having the same number and type of nodes as AB,EB)，VBRepresenting nodes in the network B, EBRepresenting a connecting edge in the network B; e represents a coupling link set connected with the network A, B, one coupling link is formed by connecting a randomly selected node of the network A and a randomly selected node of the network B, each coupling link can only be connected with one point in the network A or the network B, and the total number of the coupling links is N; the coupled link has dependency, that is, if one end node of the coupled link fails, the other end node also fails at the same time;
Step two: calculating and recording the degree of each node in the networks A and B, wherein the degree of each node is equal to the number of connecting edges of the node;
step three: calculating initial load of any node i in coupling network
Wherein k isiIs the degree of node i; alpha is an adjustable parameter and controls the strength of the initial load of the node; traversing the whole coupling network, and calculating the initial load of each node;
step four: calculating the capacity C of any node i in the coupling networki＝(1+β)*LiWherein the constant beta is safety capacity redundancy and controls the capacity of the node; traversing the whole coupling network, and calculating the capacity of each node;
step five: when no node fails, the method is aborted; when a certain node i is attacked and fails, a coupling node connected with the node i through a coupling link fails due to the dependence characteristic; the load on the fault node distributes the load to the neighbor nodes according to the load distribution rule of the fault node, then the connecting edges of the fault node and the neighbor nodes are disconnected, and the fault node is deleted from the network; the load distribution rule of the fault node is the load quantity distributed to any neighbor node j by the fault node i
Proportional to the capacity of the neighbor node j: 
Where Γ n represents a set of neighbor nodes for node i;
step six: the network starts an early warning protection mechanism to resist cascade faults, and the capacity of any node g is increased from the safe capacity to the early warning capacity
w is an early warning coefficient, and the size of the early warning capacity is controlled; traversing the whole coupling network, and increasing the capacity of each node from the safe capacity to the early warning capacity;
step seven: arbitrarily selecting a network node s, if the load and capacity conditions on the node are Ls≤CsNew load at safe capacity CsThen, the node is in a safe state, can operate without failure and in good condition, and enter step ten;
step eight: if the load and capacity conditions on node s are
New load at early warning capacity
And a safety capacity CsIn the meantime, the node is temporarily in an early warning state and can still safely operate; in addition, the early warning node s can send more loads L than the safety capacitys-CsDistributing the data to the connected safety nodes according to the load distribution rule of the early warning nodes; the load distribution rule of the early warning nodes is the load quantity distributed to any one connected safety node m by the early warning node s
Proportional to the remaining capacity of node m:
wherein Γ n represents a set of neighbor nodes of the node s, and entering step ten;
step nine: if the load and capacity conditions on node s are 
New load exceeding early warning capacity
The node s is in a fault state, meanwhile, due to the dependence characteristic, a coupling node connected with the node s through a coupling link is in fault, all loads of the fault node are distributed to neighbor nodes according to a fault node load distribution rule, then the connecting edge of the fault node and the neighbor nodes is disconnected, and the fault node is deleted from the network;
step ten: traversing the whole coupling network, and repeating the steps from seven to nine for all network nodes until no fault node is generated; through the processing, the number of fault nodes is greatly reduced, the cascading faults of the network are relieved, and the robustness of the coupling network is improved.
The technical conception of the invention is as follows: the invention provides a concept of early warning protection, expands the thought that overload nodes are not always in fault after effective protection measures are implemented, carries out different processing on fault nodes, early warning nodes and safety nodes generated after a coupling network is attacked, and defines a reasonable node load distribution scheme; when the coupling network faces the fault, more nodes can be protected through limited cost, cascade faults are relieved, and the robustness of the network is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the early warning protection mechanism of the coupling network is provided, and the capability of the interdependent network for resisting the cascading failure can be effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the functioning of the early warning protection mechanism for cascading failures in two interdependent networks a and B. Each node in network a has limited capacity to handle the extra load on it and relies on one and only one node in network B to maintain its normal and efficient function, and vice versa. The coupling link between the networks A and B is shown as a thick black solid line, the internal connecting edge of the network A or the network B is a thin black solid line, a black arrow line represents the load distribution flow direction, a white circle with an X represents a failed node, the black circle is an early warning state node, and the white circle is a safety node.
In sub-graph (a), node a6 fails due to removal or attack in network a, resulting in a break ("×") of link a6 → B6 between networks a and B, and the load on a6 is redistributed to a5 and a7, breaking the edge connection of a6 to surrounding nodes.
In sub-graph (b), assuming that a7 can process the extra load received from the failed node a4, the new load amount after a5 receives the load exceeds the safety capacity but is in the early warning state below the early warning capacity, so that the extra load is distributed to a4, a4 also enters the early warning state after receiving the load, and the load exceeding the capacity is distributed to a1 and A3, so that both a4 and a5 are safe. B6 failed due to the dependency with a6, and the load on B6 was redistributed to B5 and B8.
In sub-diagram (c), assuming that B8 and B5 receive extra load from failed node B6 and then fail and enter an early warning state, respectively, the load distribution of the failed node is processed first, link B8 → a8 between networks a and B is disconnected ("×"), and the load on B8 is distributed to B3 and B7, so that the connection of a6 and surrounding nodes is disconnected.
In sub-graph (d), the node B5 entering the warning state distributes the redundant load to the node B4, the warning node B3 distributes the redundant load to the node B2 and the node B4, the excessive load received by the node B2 becomes a warning node, and the node B2 distributes the excessive load to the node B1 and then returns to the safety state.
In the sub-graph (e), the load of the B8 received by the B7 becomes an early warning node, but no surrounding neighbor nodes can distribute redundant load and cannot operate for a long time, so that the processing is performed according to a fault node, and the a7 also fails due to the dependency relationship. No further node cancellation and network disruption occurs thereafter. This cascading failure results in 6 node failures, and it is clear that protection without an early warning mechanism will result in larger failures.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for improving robustness of a coupling network based on an early warning protection mechanism includes the following steps:
The method comprises the following steps: constructing a coupling network model G ═ (A, B, E), wherein A is an undirected and unweighted network A (V)A,EA)，VARepresenting nodes in the network A, EARepresenting the connecting edge in the network A, wherein the number of the nodes of the network A is N; b is a network B (V) having the same number and type of nodes as AB,EB)，VBRepresenting nodes in the network B, EBRepresenting a connecting edge in the network B; e denotes a set of coupling links connecting the network A, B, i.e., a thick black solid line in FIG. 1, one coupling link being a randomly selected oneThe node of the network A and the node of the network B are connected, each coupling link can only be connected with one point in the network A or the network B, and the total number of the coupling links is N; the coupled link has dependency, that is, if one end node of the coupled link fails, the other end node also fails at the same time;
step two: calculating and recording the degree of each node in the networks A and B, wherein the degree of each node is equal to the number of connecting edges of the node;
step three: calculating initial load of any node i in coupling network
Wherein k isiIs the degree of node i; alpha is an adjustable parameter and controls the strength of the initial load of the node; traversing the whole coupling network, and calculating the initial load of each node;
step four: calculating the capacity C of any node i in the coupling network i＝(1+β)*LiWherein the constant beta is safety capacity redundancy and controls the capacity of the node; traversing the whole coupling network, and calculating the capacity of each node;
step five: when no node fails, the method is aborted; when a certain node i fails under an attack, namely a node A6 in FIG. 1(a), a coupling node connected with the node i through a coupling link fails due to the dependency characteristic; the load on the fault node distributes the load to the neighbor nodes thereof according to the load distribution rule of the fault node, namely the black arrow lines in the figure 1, and then the connecting edges between the fault node and the neighbor nodes are disconnected and the fault node is deleted from the network; the load distribution rule of the fault node is the load quantity distributed to any neighbor node j by the fault node i
Proportional to the capacity of the neighbor node j:
where Γ n represents a set of neighbor nodes for node i;
step six: network start-up early warning safeguardThe protection mechanism is used for resisting cascade faults, and the capacity of any node g is increased from the safe capacity to the early warning capacity
w is an early warning coefficient, and the size of the early warning capacity is controlled; traversing the whole coupling network, and increasing the capacity of each node from the safe capacity to the early warning capacity;
step seven: arbitrarily selecting a network node s, if the load and capacity conditions on the node are L s≤CsNew load at safe capacity CsThen, namely a white circle in fig. 1, the node is in a safe state, can operate without failure and in good condition, and enters step ten;
step eight: if the load and capacity conditions on node s are
New load at early warning capacity
And a safety capacity CsIn between, i.e. the black circles in fig. 1, the nodes are temporarily in an early warning state and can still safely operate; in addition, the early warning node s can send more loads L than the safety capacitys-CsDistributing the data to the connected safety nodes according to the load distribution rule of the early warning nodes; the load distribution rule of the early warning nodes is the load quantity distributed to any one connected safety node m by the early warning node s
Proportional to the remaining capacity of node m:
wherein Γ n represents a set of neighbor nodes of the node s, and entering step ten;
step nine: if the load and capacity conditions on node s are
New load exceeding early warning capacity
Namely, the white circle with x in fig. 1, the node s is in a fault state, and meanwhile, due to the dependence characteristic, the coupling node connected with the node s through the coupling link fails, all loads of the failed node are distributed to the neighbor nodes according to the load distribution rule of the failed node, and then the connecting edges between the failed node and the neighbor nodes are disconnected and the failed node is deleted from the network;
Step ten: traversing the whole coupling network, and repeating the steps from seven to nine for all network nodes until no fault node is generated; through the processing, the number of fault nodes is greatly reduced, the cascading faults of the network are relieved, and the robustness of the coupling network is improved.
As mentioned above, the present invention is made more clear by the specific implementation steps implemented in this patent. Any modification and variation of the present invention within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims will fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving the robustness of a coupling network based on an early warning protection mechanism is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: constructing a coupling network model G ═ (A, B, E), wherein A is an undirected and unweighted network A (V)A,EA)，VARepresenting nodes in the network A, EARepresenting the connecting edge in the network A, wherein the number of the nodes of the network A is N; b is a network B (V) having the same number and type of nodes as AB,EB)，VBRepresenting nodes in the network B, EBRepresenting a connecting edge in the network B; e represents a coupling link set connected with the network A, B, one coupling link is formed by connecting a randomly selected node of the network A and a randomly selected node of the network B, each coupling link can only be connected with one point in the network A or the network B, and the total number of the coupling links is N; the coupled link has dependency, that is, if one end node of the coupled link fails, the other end node also fails at the same time;
Step two: calculating and recording the degree of each node in the networks A and B, wherein the degree of each node is equal to the number of connecting edges of the node;
step three: calculating initial load of any node i in coupling network
Wherein k isiIs the degree of node i; alpha is an adjustable parameter and controls the strength of the initial load of the node; traversing the whole coupling network, and calculating the initial load of each node;
step four: calculating the capacity C of any node i in the coupling networki＝(1+β)*LiWherein the constant beta is safety capacity redundancy and controls the capacity of the node; traversing the whole coupling network, and calculating the capacity of each node;
step five: when no node fails, the method is aborted; when a certain node i is attacked and fails, a coupling node connected with the node i through a coupling link fails due to the dependence characteristic; the load on the fault node distributes the load to the neighbor nodes according to the load distribution rule of the fault node, then the connecting edges of the fault node and the neighbor nodes are disconnected, and the fault node is deleted from the network; the load distribution rule of the fault node is the load quantity distributed to any neighbor node j by the fault node i
Proportional to the capacity of the neighbor node j: 
Where Γ n represents a set of neighbor nodes for node i;
step six: the network starts an early warning protection mechanism to resist cascade faults, and the capacity of any node g is increased from the safe capacity to the early warning capacity
w is an early warning coefficient, and the size of the early warning capacity is controlled; traversing the whole coupling network, and increasing the capacity of each node from the safe capacity to the early warning capacityAn amount;
step seven: arbitrarily selecting a network node s, if the load and capacity conditions on the node are Ls≤CsNew load at safe capacity CsThen, the node is in a safe state, can operate without failure and in good condition, and enter step ten;
step eight: if the load and capacity conditions on node s are
New load at early warning capacity
And a safety capacity CsIn the meantime, the node is temporarily in an early warning state and can still safely operate; in addition, the early warning node s can send more loads L than the safety capacitys-CsDistributing the data to the connected safety nodes according to the load distribution rule of the early warning nodes; the load distribution rule of the early warning nodes is the load quantity distributed to any one connected safety node m by the early warning node s
Proportional to the remaining capacity of node m:
wherein Γ n represents a set of neighbor nodes of the node s, and entering step ten;
step nine: if the load and capacity conditions on node s are 
New load exceeding early warning capacity
The node s is in a fault state, and simultaneously, due to the dependency characteristics, the coupling node connected with the node s through the coupling link is in fault, all loads of the fault node are distributed to the neighbor nodes according to the load distribution rule of the fault node,then disconnecting the connecting edge between the fault node and the neighbor node and deleting the fault node from the network;
step ten: traversing the whole coupling network, and repeating the steps from seven to nine for all network nodes until no fault node is generated; through the processing, the number of fault nodes is greatly reduced, the cascading faults of the network are relieved, and the robustness of the coupling network is improved.
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| CN111327484B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2022-03-22 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Improved load redistribution method based on maximum residual capacity of node |
| CN113259153B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-01-28 | 北京航空航天大学 | Multilayer coupling network robustness control method based on dynamic coupling node degree deviation |
| CN114900423B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-12-26 | 中南大学 | Complex network robustness enhancement method with emergency recovery mechanism under cascade fault |
| CN115118666B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2023-08-25 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Load redistribution method and device |
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