CN109245662B - VF control method of variable pitch motor - Google Patents

VF control method of variable pitch motor Download PDF

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CN109245662B
CN109245662B CN201811264101.4A CN201811264101A CN109245662B CN 109245662 B CN109245662 B CN 109245662B CN 201811264101 A CN201811264101 A CN 201811264101A CN 109245662 B CN109245662 B CN 109245662B
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motor
torque
slip frequency
variable pitch
starting
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CN109245662A (en
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刘亚林
张朝远
罗元宏
毛继光
王清飞
张帆
文茂诗
唐伟
王灿
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CSIC Haizhuang Windpower Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/047V/F converter, wherein the voltage is controlled proportionally with the frequency
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive

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Abstract

The invention discloses a VF control method of a variable pitch motor, which comprises the following steps: s1) determining a steady-state equivalent circuit and parameters of a variable pitch motor according to the variable pitch load requirement of the blade; s2) determining the critical slip frequency f according to the steady-state equivalent circuit of the motor and the parameters thereofmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmA starting current I; s3) to the critical slip frequency f in step S2mStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmOptimizing the parameters of the starting current I according to the critical slip frequency fmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmDetermining a compensation voltage by the starting current I; s4) at slip frequency fsAnd the compensation voltage is a parameter combination, and a plurality of different parameter combinations are selected for carrying out torque and temperature rise tests. S5) determining the optimal parameter combination through temperature rise test, and controlling the pitch motor with the optimal parameter combination. The VF control method of the variable pitch motor can prevent the variable pitch motor from overtemperature under the condition of continuous work under the condition of meeting the output torque of the variable pitch motor.

Description

VF control method of variable pitch motor
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation equipment, and particularly relates to a VF control method of a variable pitch motor.
Background
With the increasing shortage of traditional energy, the development and utilization of new energy are widely concerned by countries in the world, and more countries adopt policies and measures for encouraging the development of new energy. Wind power generation, the most important application in the field of new energy, is developing more and more rapidly, and is accompanied by high power, larger wind wheel diameter, long blades and a trend of gradually developing towards the offshore direction. The pitch system is used as the most important system of the wind turbine generator and influences the safety of the wind turbine generator all the time. Due to uncertainty of wind speed change, the variable pitch motor acts frequently, natural heat dissipation of the motor is slow due to the closed environment of the hub, the variable pitch motor is at a high temperature level for a long time and can exceed the allowable normal working temperature of the motor sometimes, the overtemperature fault of the variable pitch motor is triggered, and the service life of the motor is influenced. A good and reliable variable pitch control mode is the most important requirement for designing the wind turbine generator. At present, most of units adopt an electric pitch control mode, and a pitch control driver is used for driving a pitch control motor to control the pitch. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the variable pitch motor does not generate overtemperature under frequent variable pitch actions.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a VF control method for a pitch motor, which ensures that the temperature rise of the motor is optimized under the condition that the output torque of the pitch motor is satisfied, so that the temperature of the pitch motor is not over-heated under the condition of continuous operation.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
the invention discloses a VF control method of a variable pitch motor, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1) determining a steady-state equivalent circuit and parameters of a variable pitch motor according to the variable pitch load requirement of the blade;
s2) determining the critical slip frequency f according to the steady-state equivalent circuit of the motor and the parameters thereofmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmA starting current I;
s3) to the critical slip frequency f in step S2mStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmOptimizing the parameters of the starting current I according to the critical slip frequency fmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmStart-up electricity
Stream I determines the compensation voltage;
s4) at slip frequency fsAnd the compensation voltage is a parameter combination, and a plurality of different parameter combinations are selected for carrying out torque and temperature rise tests. Slip frequency fsShould be below the critical slip frequency to maintain stability during operation of the motor, the characteristics of which are shown in fig. 5.
S5) determining the optimal parameter combination through temperature rise test, and controlling the pitch motor with the optimal parameter combination.
Further, in step S1, the steady-state equivalent circuit parameters of the pitch motor are determined as: slip frequency fsRotor resistance RrStator resistor RsStator leakage reactance XlsRotor leakage reactance Xlr
Further, the determination of the critical slip frequency fm, the starting torque T0, the maximum torque Tm, and the starting current I in step S2 satisfies the following equations:
a) critical slip frequency:
Figure GDA0003119179760000021
b) maximum torque:
Figure GDA0003119179760000022
c) starting torque:
Figure GDA0003119179760000023
d) motor current:
Figure GDA0003119179760000024
in the above formula:
Figure GDA0003119179760000025
is the motor voltage,
Figure GDA0003119179760000026
Is the motor current, LlsFor the reduction to the stator side inductance and its inductance reactance value Xls、LlrFor the reduction to the rotor side inductance and its inductive reactance value Xlr
Further, in step S3, the critical slip frequency f is adjustedmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmThe method for optimizing the parameters of the starting current I comprises the following steps: firstly, determining critical slip frequency fm of each typical frequency point according to an equivalent circuit diagram of the motor; then, the maximum torque Tm and the motor current I of the motor are calculated, and the motor current is reduced as much as possible to reduce the temperature rise under the condition of ensuring that the torque meets the requirement; wherein:
A) critical slip frequency
Determining typical frequency points, and calculating the critical slip frequency fm of each typical frequency point;
B) maximum torque
Selecting a preset compensation voltage value, and calculating the maximum output torque of the motor of each compensation voltage point;
C) current of motor
And calculating the motor current of each compensation voltage point, and determining that the set value of the compensation voltage is in a range which can be borne by the motor and the motor driver.
Further, the torque test in step S4 is set as follows: the variable pitch motor is started and stopped at a rated rotating speed and a lower rotating speed and continuously runs in a single direction.
Further, the setting conditions of the temperature rise test in step S4 are: the variable pitch motor applies the load of the rated load at the rated rotating speed and the lower rotating speed, and continuously operates back and forth within the set angle range, so that the temperature rise condition of the motor in the continuous operation process is tested.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the VF control method of the variable pitch motor adopts a mode of combining V/F control and slip control on the variable pitch motor, takes the position of the blade as a control target, selects a proper V/F control curve, combines the electric transmission required torque of the blade rotation under different working conditions, and ensures that the temperature rise of the motor is optimized under the condition of meeting the output torque of the variable pitch motor, so that the variable pitch motor cannot be over-heated under the condition of continuous work.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a steady-state equivalent circuit structure of a variable frequency speed-regulating asynchronous motor determined in a VF control method of a variable pitch motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a V/f control curve determined in the VF control method of the pitch motor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a low-frequency compensation voltage curve determined in the VF control method of the pitch motor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the rotational speed-torque characteristics of the asynchronous motor determined in the VF control method of the pitch motor of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of slip frequency versus motor torque stability characteristics;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of parameter setting and optimization in the VF control method of the pitch motor of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the non-variable-pitch temperature at the 0-degree position of parameter combination 1;
FIG. 8 is a 0 degree position invariant paddle temperature plot for parameter set 2;
FIG. 9 is a temperature profile of a continuous pitch process for parameter set 1;
FIG. 10 is a temperature profile of the continuous pitch process for parameter set 2;
FIG. 11 is a full wind speed temperature profile of parameter set 1;
fig. 12 is a full firing wind speed temperature profile for parameter set 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:
the invention discloses a VF control method of a variable pitch motor, which comprises the following steps of:
s1) determining a steady-state equivalent circuit and parameters of a variable pitch motor according to the variable pitch load requirement of the blade;
s2) determining the critical slip frequency f according to the steady-state equivalent circuit of the motor and the parameters thereofmStarting torque T0Maximum torqueTmA starting current I;
s3) to the critical slip frequency f in step S2mStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmOptimizing the parameters of the starting current I according to the critical slip frequency fmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmDetermining a compensation voltage by the starting current I;
s4) at slip frequency fsAnd the compensation voltage is a parameter combination, and a plurality of different parameter combinations are selected for carrying out torque and temperature rise tests. Slip frequency fsShould be below the critical slip frequency to maintain stability during operation of the motor, the characteristics of which are shown in fig. 5.
S5) determining the optimal parameter combination through temperature rise test, and controlling the pitch motor with the optimal parameter combination.
More specifically, the method is as follows:
1. variable pitch motor control mode and V/F parameter analysis
Due to uncertainty of wind speed change, the variable pitch motor acts more frequently, and natural heat dissipation of the motor is slower due to the closed environment of the hub. Therefore, the variable pitch motor is at a higher temperature level for a long time, particularly in the variable pitch process, the temperature of the motor often reaches about 100 ℃, sometimes exceeds the normal working temperature allowed by the motor, the overtemperature fault of the variable pitch motor is triggered, and the service life of the motor is influenced. Therefore, the purpose of reducing the temperature of the variable pitch motor is achieved by optimizing the control of the motor.
Generally, the control mode of the variable pitch angle is position control, and a main control system of the unit determines the variable pitch position of the blade according to the working condition state of the unit and a power speed control curve. The variable pitch system sends a rotating speed command of a variable pitch motor to the driver through calculation, and actually sends a frequency signal. In addition, the variable pitch motor usually adopts an asynchronous motor with higher stability. Therefore, the variable pitch motor can be controlled by combining V/F control and slip frequency control. In general engineering calculations, the steady state equivalent circuit of a variable frequency and variable speed asynchronous motor is shown in fig. 1 under the conditions of iron loss neglect, saturation neglect and space and time harmonic not considered.
1.1V/F control
The voltage is linearly increased from 0Hz to the rated frequency, and when the rated frequency is reached, the voltage is also maximized (the linear slope can be modified by parameters). This ensures that the flux is constant until the nominal frequency is reached, while at the same time ensuring that the torque is constant (if the motor is capable of delivering sufficient power). There is a relatively high stator voltage in the high frequency range, so that the impedance voltage drop of the stator is relatively negligible and the air gap flux is substantially constant. However, in the low frequency range, although the leakage reactance of the stator decreases in proportion to the frequency fs, the stator resistance does not substantially change. The resistance voltage drop of the part is very obvious due to the reduction of the terminal voltage, so that the air gap magnetic flux is rapidly reduced, the torque is rapidly reduced, and the output torque of the variable pitch motor is insufficient, so that the compensation is considered. The control curves are generally shown in figures 2 and 3. Thus, the actual V/F control curve of the motor is a superimposed curve. Attention should therefore be paid to calculating the torque and current as an equivalent circuit of an asynchronous machine.
1.2 slip frequency control
As known from the motor principle, the characteristics of an asynchronous motor are shown in fig. 4. When the rotating speed is synchronous, the slip ratio is 0, and the torque is 0; when the slip is small, the torque rises in an almost straight line curve with decreasing speed to a point m, which is the maximum value of the output torque of the motor. When the load torque of the motor exceeds this value, the torque of the motor drops rapidly. The slip corresponding to the m point is called the critical slip, sm=fm/fs. It can be seen that the output torque is the greatest when the asynchronous motor is operating near the critical slip.
The slip may represent the output power of the motor, i.e. the greater the slip, the greater the output power of the motor at the same rotational speed.
Meanwhile, the slip frequency determines the stability of the output torque of the motor, as shown in fig. 5, the torque curve is a U-shaped curve, when the slip reaches a certain value (denoted by Sk), the torque of the motor reaches the maximum, and after the slip continues to increase, the torque will decrease instead. The torque is reduced, the rotation difference of the motor is further increased, the rotation difference is increased, the torque is smaller, and the motor collapses to block the rotation and breaks down.
2 parameter calculation and optimization
According to the purpose of the control of the variable pitch motor, the output power of the motor is ensured, the temperature rise is reduced as much as possible, and the parameter setting optimization process shown in the figure 6 can be adopted.
Therefore, the critical slip frequency, the starting torque, the maximum torque and the starting current of the pitch motor need to be calculated, and then the compensation voltage is determined according to the data.
2.1 parameter calculation
a) Critical slip frequency:
Figure GDA0003119179760000061
b) maximum torque:
Figure GDA0003119179760000062
c) starting torque:
Figure GDA0003119179760000063
d) motor current:
Figure GDA0003119179760000064
in the above formula:
Figure GDA0003119179760000071
is the motor voltage,
Figure GDA0003119179760000072
Is the motor current, LlsFor the reduction to the stator side inductance and its inductance reactance value Xls、LlrFor the reduction to the rotor side inductance and its inductive reactance value Xlr
2.2 parameter optimization
According to the purpose of the control and optimization of the variable pitch motor, the variable pitch motor is considered from two aspects of torque and current. Firstly, calculating critical slip frequency according to an equivalent circuit diagram of a motor; and then calculating the maximum torque and the motor current of the motor. Under the condition of ensuring that the torque meets the requirement, the current of the motor is reduced as much as possible so as to reduce the temperature rise.
1) Slip frequency
And calculating the slip frequency of each typical frequency point according to a calculation formula of the critical slip frequency by combining the motor parameters so as to determine the parameter value of the slip frequency control curve. For example:
fs is 15Hz, calculated as: fm is 8.42;
fs is 30Hz, calculated as: fm 11.84;
(iii) fs is 60Hz, calculated as: fm 13.62;
the slip curve of the motor control can be set accordingly.
2) Maximum torque
15% of rated rotation speed without compensation: tm 51.6 Nm;
15% rated speed, 15% compensation: tm 206.4 Nm;
③ 15 percent of rated rotating speed, 30 percent of compensation: tm is 464.4 Nm;
3) current of motor
15% of rated rotation speed without compensation: i is 85.1A;
15% rated speed, 15% compensation: i ═ 170.1A;
③ 15 percent of rated rotating speed, 30 percent of compensation: i is 255.2A;
it can be seen from the above calculation that when the pitch motor works at a low rotation speed, the stator current of the motor is relatively small, but the output torque is also relatively small, and if compensation voltage is not applied, the output torque of the pitch motor is possibly insufficient, and the blades cannot be driven to pitch. After the compensation voltage is applied, the output torque of the motor is greatly improved, but the current of the motor is correspondingly greatly improved, the improved current can bring greater temperature rise of the motor, and the heating of the motor is improved. Therefore, the larger the compensation voltage is, the better.
3 testing and application
And optimizing the process according to the control mode and parameters of the variable pitch motor introduced in the upper section. And combining parameters including slip frequency, compensation voltage and minimum voltage. Two different parameter setting combinations are selected for torque and temperature rise tests. Respectively named as: parameter set 1 and parameter set 2.
3.1 Torque testing
The torque test is set as follows: the variable pitch motor starts and stops at 5% of rated rotating speed (in the running process of the unit, the variable pitch is carried out at 5% -7% of speed in most cases) and continuously operates in a single direction.
TABLE 1 Torque test data
Figure GDA0003119179760000081
3.2 temperature rise test
The set conditions of the temperature rise test are as follows: the variable pitch motor applies a load of 129Nm at a rated rotating speed of 7%, and continuously operates back and forth within a set angle range, so that the temperature rise condition of the motor in the continuous operation process is tested.
TABLE 2 temperature test data
Figure GDA0003119179760000082
From the foregoing test data, it can be seen that parameter set 1 is less in output torque than parameter set 2, but it also results in a lower temperature rise than parameter set 2. If the output torque can meet the load requirement of blade pitching, the parameter combination 1 is better than the parameter combination 2.
4 practical application
The typical working condition variable pitch condition of the normal operation of several fans is respectively selected, the control method is applied to set and optimize parameters, and the actual application effects of two control parameters of the parameter combination 1 and the parameter combination 2 are compared.
4.10 degree position invariable oar
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, at low wind speeds, the blade position is at the 0 degree position, at constant pitch operating conditions. When the parameter combination 2 is used, the temperature of the motor is about 62 ℃; when the parameter combination 1 is used, the temperature of the motor is about 55 ℃. The pitch motor temperature drops to some extent but appears less pronounced.
4.2 in the Pitch variation Process
As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the blade position is near the 0 ℃ position, under the continuous pitching condition. By applying the parameter combination 2, the temperature of the motor is increased from 57 ℃ to 90 ℃ within 80s, the temperature of the motor is increased by 33 ℃, and then the temperature is maintained above 90 ℃ when the pitch is continuously changed. By applying the parameter combination 1, the temperature of the motor is maintained at about 62 ℃ in the pitch control process, and the pitch control motor is at a lower temperature level. By comparison, it can be shown that the use of the appropriate combination of parameters can improve the motor temperature rise when pitching.
4.3 full wind speed operating mode
As shown in fig. 11 and 12, by using the parameter combination 2, the wind speed and the temperature of the pitch motor are highest near the full speed, both of which exceed 100 ℃, and sometimes the temperature may exceed 125 ℃ or even higher, which causes the over-temperature fault of the pitch motor. By using the parameter combination 1, the temperature of the variable-pitch motor is reduced to about 70 ℃ near the full wind speed, and the temperature reduction effect of the motor is very obvious. Thus using parameter combination 1 is better than using parameter combination 2.
Through analysis of blade variable pitch load, the basic principle of V/F control is combined, the variable pitch motor control parameter setting and optimizing process provided by the text is adopted, and the requirements can be better met through final test application discovery. Through practical application cases, reasonable setting of control parameters is found, the temperature rise of the motor can be greatly reduced, and the aim of enabling the variable pitch motor to meet the load requirement and reducing the temperature rise of the motor as far as possible is achieved. However, uncertainty of wind speed variation may cause some accidental and extreme situations, and the parameter setting and optimization method may require more practical tests.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A VF control method of a variable pitch motor is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1) determining a steady-state equivalent circuit and parameters of a variable pitch motor according to the variable pitch load requirement of the blade; the parameters of the steady-state equivalent circuit of the variable pitch motor are determined as follows: slip frequency fsRotor resistance RrStator resistor RsStator leakage reactance XlsRotor leakage reactance Xlr
S2) determining the critical slip frequency f according to the steady-state equivalent circuit of the motor and the parameters thereofmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmA starting current I;
determining the critical slip frequency fm and the starting torque T0The maximum torque Tm and the starting current I satisfy the following equation: a) critical slip frequency:
Figure FDA0003171927260000011
b) maximum torque:
Figure FDA0003171927260000012
c) starting torque:
Figure FDA0003171927260000013
d) motor current:
Figure FDA0003171927260000014
in the above formula:
Figure FDA0003171927260000015
is the motor voltage,
Figure FDA0003171927260000016
Is the motor current, LlsFor the reduction to the stator side inductance and its inductance reactance value Xls、LlrFor the reduction to the rotor side inductance and its inductive reactance value Xlr
S3) to the critical slip frequency f in step S2mStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmOptimizing the parameters of the starting current I according to the critical slip frequency fmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmDetermining a compensation voltage by the starting current I;
s4) at slip frequency fsThe compensation voltage is taken as a parameter combination, a plurality of different parameter combinations are selected for carrying out torque and temperature rise tests, and the slip frequency fsThe frequency is lower than the critical slip frequency so as to keep the stability of the motor in the running process;
s5) determining the optimal parameter combination through temperature rise test, and controlling the pitch motor with the optimal parameter combination.
2. A VF control method for a pitch motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: step S3 for critical slip frequency fmStarting torque T0Maximum torque TmThe method for optimizing the parameters of the starting current I comprises the following steps: firstly, determining critical slip frequency fm of each typical frequency point according to an equivalent circuit diagram of the motor; then, the maximum torque Tm and the motor current I of the motor are calculated, and the motor current is reduced as much as possible to reduce the temperature rise under the condition of ensuring that the torque meets the requirement; wherein:
A) critical slip frequency
Determining typical frequency points, and calculating the critical slip frequency fm of each typical frequency point;
B) maximum torque
Selecting a preset compensation voltage value, and calculating the maximum output torque of the motor of each compensation voltage point;
C) current of motor
And calculating the motor current of each compensation voltage point, and determining that the set value of the compensation voltage is in a range which can be borne by the motor and the motor driver.
3. A VF control method for a pitch motor according to claim 2, characterized in that: the setting conditions of the torque test in step S4 are: the variable pitch motor is started and stopped at a rated rotating speed and a lower rotating speed and continuously runs in a single direction.
4. A VF control method of a pitch motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the setting conditions of the temperature rise test in step S4 are: the variable pitch motor applies the load of the rated load at the rated rotating speed and the lower rotating speed, and continuously operates back and forth within the set angle range, so that the temperature rise condition of the motor in the continuous operation process is tested.
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CN111146982A (en) * 2020-02-11 2020-05-12 安徽理工大学 Method for detecting excellent starting characteristics of mining permanent magnet synchronous motor based on environmental temperature change
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