CN109241696B - Magnetic latching relay selection method suitable for improving safety - Google Patents
Magnetic latching relay selection method suitable for improving safety Download PDFInfo
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- CN109241696B CN109241696B CN201811368412.5A CN201811368412A CN109241696B CN 109241696 B CN109241696 B CN 109241696B CN 201811368412 A CN201811368412 A CN 201811368412A CN 109241696 B CN109241696 B CN 109241696B
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- G06F30/30—Circuit design
- G06F30/39—Circuit design at the physical level
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Abstract
A magnetic latching relay selection method suitable for improving safety is used for designing surge current impact resistance of a magnetic latching relay for a spacecraft according to influence relation of surge current at the moment of opening and closing of contacts of the magnetic latching relay and surge current duration on the service life of the relay aiming at a fault mode that fusion welding is possible to occur to the magnetic latching relay. At present, relay selection design can only be developed through a component manual, but the component manual only gives part of the anti-surge current values of the types of the relays, the influence of surge current and energy generated by the duration time of the surge current on the safety of the relays is not clear, and over-design or under-design possibility exists in the relay selection design. Compared with the existing design method, the method is more quantitative, higher in reliability, more operable and good in application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrical design of spacecrafts, and relates to a screening method suitable for improving the safety of a magnetic latching relay.
Background
The magnetic latching relay is widely applied to the fields of manned spacecrafts, remote sensing, navigation, deep space exploration and other spacecrafts. The number of the magnetic latching relays used in a single spacecraft is large, and exceeds 1000, so that the normal operation of the spacecraft is greatly influenced.
According to incomplete statistics, the problem of successive relay contact fusion welding of a plurality of domestic spacecraft models is solved, and great negative effects are caused on the reliability and the development progress of the spacecraft. Through failure analysis, most of the relays which are subjected to fusion welding have fusion welding faults due to transient arc ablation of contacts caused by electric stress.
At present, the selection design work of the relay can be developed only through a component manual, but the component manual only gives the anti-surge current values of part relay models, the influence of energy generated by surge current and surge current duration on the safety of the relay is not clear, and the problem of over-design or under-design exists in the selection design of the relay.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the method for selecting the magnetic latching relay overcomes the defects of the prior art, is suitable for improving the safety, and is more quantitative, higher in reliability, more operable and good in engineering application value by introducing the actual current and duration parameters of the relay and calculating.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a magnetic latching relay selection method suitable for improving safety comprises the following steps:
(1) Determining the steady-state current of the magnetic latching relay in the application occasion, and preliminarily determining candidate magnetic latching relays according to rated current parameters given in a component manual and derating requirements of the application occasion;
(2) Determining the arcing time t of the candidate magnetic latching relay according to the application occasion of the magnetic latching relay;
(3) Determining the arcing energy Q of the candidate magnetic latching relay by using the arcing time t obtained in the step (2) 1 ；
(4) Calculating the determination standard Q of the safety performance of the candidate magnetic latching relay contact 2 The specific method comprises the following steps:
Q 2 ＝A(KI rate ) 2 ×10 -3
in the formula: a is a safety coefficient and the value range is between 0 and 6K is a temperature coefficient and has a value range of 1, 2, 3 or 4 rate Rated current for the candidate magnetic latching relay single contact;
(5) Comparing said Q 1 And Q 2 If Q is satisfied 1 Not more than Q 2 If the magnetic latching relay is selected, the candidate magnetic latching relay is selected; otherwise, returning to the step (1) to reselect the model of the candidate magnetic latching relay until the candidate magnetic latching relay can be selected.
The method for determining the safety factor A in the step (4) comprises the following steps: 0.8 to 1.2 for aerospace field, 2 to 2.2 for military vehicle and ship field, 3 to 3.6 for weapons and ammunition field, 3.6 to 4.5 for industrial equipment field, and 5.0 to 6.0 for other equipment.
The method for determining the temperature coefficient K in the step (4) comprises the following steps: for the temperature range of 15-35 ℃, K is 4, for the temperature range of 36-55 ℃, K is 3, for the temperature range of 56-75 ℃, K is 2, and for the temperature higher than 75 ℃, K is 1.
The method for determining the arcing time t of the candidate magnetic latching relay in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
t＝t 2 -t 1
wherein, t 1 For the starting moment of contact arcing, t 2 Is the contact closing time.
The arcing energy Q of the candidate magnetic latching relay in the step (3) 1 The determination method comprises the following steps:
Q 1 ＝∫ t idt
wherein, i is the value of current passed by the magnetic latching relay contact in the arcing process, and t is the arcing time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) Aiming at a fault mode that a magnetic latching relay is likely to generate fusion welding, the method judges the safety and reliability of the relay contact by introducing the actual current and duration parameters of the relay and calculating according to the quantitative value of arcing energy;
(2) Aiming at different application occasions of relays such as aerospace, aviation, weapons and the like, the method respectively defines a selection safety coefficient with more pertinence, and can obtain a selection method for improving the safety of the relays in different application occasions;
(3) The method provided by the invention provides a quantitative calculation method for the influence of temperature on the safety of the relay, defines the safety factors at different temperatures, and can obtain a selection method for improving the safety of the relay under the actual application environment of the relay.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the arcing time of the magnetic latching relay according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following will explain the selection method of the magnetic latching relay of the present invention by referring to the embodiments. The method of the invention fixes the quality grade, the structure type, the contact form and other internal factors which influence the safety of the relay, introduces the actual current and the duration parameter of the relay and calculates to select the relay, and comprises the following specific steps:
the actual current of the relay is the instantaneous current actually passed by the relay contact in the closing or breaking process. The duration includes the metal phase arcing time and the gas phase arcing time. The metal phase arcing time and the gas phase arcing time generated by different contact materials are different, and the total arcing time, namely the sum of the metal phase arcing time and the gas phase arcing time, is used as a calculation parameter.
1) Calculating the arcing time t of the magnetic latching relay, wherein the calculation method is shown in a formula (1);
t＝t 2 -t 1 ……………………(1)
wherein, t 1 Is the starting moment of contact arcing, t 2 Is the contact closing time.
The arcing time of the magnetic latching relay is the time from the moment when the relay contact generates the arc to the moment when the arc is extinguished, so the arcing time is one of important characteristic parameters in the current waveform. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arcing time of the relay. Wherein, t 1 To t 3 Is the metal phase arcing time, t 3 To t 2 Gas phase arcing time, t is total arcing time. Time of metal phase arcing with closing currentIncreasing and will gradually tend to saturate, the gas phase arcing time increasing with increasing closing current. The metal phase arcing time plays a major role mainly at low currents. As the current increases, the gas phase arcing time dominates.
2) Calculating arcing energy Q of magnetic latching relay 1 The calculation method is shown in formula (2);
Q 1 ＝∫ t idt……………………(2)
wherein i is the value of current passed by the relay contact in the arcing process, and t is the arcing time.
The arcing energy of the magnetic latching relay is a direct factor for determining the burning severity of the contact, and is one of important characteristic parameters influencing the safety of the relay.
3) Calculating corresponding magnetic latching relay contact safety performance quantity determination standard Q 2 The calculation method is shown in formula (3);
Q 2 ＝A(KI rate ) 2 ×10 -3 ……………………(3)
in the formula: a is a safety coefficient;
k is a temperature coefficient;
I rate rated current for a single contact of a relay.
The safety factor a required for the magnetic latching relay used is determined according to the situation, and usually, the safety factor a is 0.8-1.2 for aerospace, 2-2.2 for military vehicles and ships, 3-3.6 for weapons and ammunition, 3.6-4.5 for industrial equipment, and 5.0-6.0 for other equipment.
For the temperature coefficient K, the K is 4 within the range of 15-35 ℃, the K is 3 within the range of 36-55 ℃, the K is 2 within the range of 56-75 ℃ and the K is 1 when the temperature coefficient K is higher than 75 ℃.
The arc energy is the result of the integration of the arc power in the arcing time, the arc energy of the relay is de-rated in different degrees according to the use occasion and the use environment of the magnetic latching relay, and the energy Q generated in the unit time of 1ms 2 As a security judgment criterion. As the temperature increases, the plasma area boundary pressure shadow in the sealed shell is not consideredThe arcing time will increase with the ringing.
4) Comparing the characteristic parameters Q1 and Q2 of the magnetic latching relay, if Q1 is not more than Q2, considering that the relay is reasonable in design, and selecting the magnetic latching relay with a corresponding model; otherwise, the model of the magnetic latching relay is reselected until the design condition is met.
It should be noted that the method of the present invention is to calculate the energy generated by the contact at the moment of opening or contacting, and is only suitable for the fault mode of contact welding, but not suitable for other fault modes.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A magnetic latching relay selection method suitable for improving safety is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Determining the steady-state current of the magnetic latching relay in the application occasion, and preliminarily determining candidate magnetic latching relays according to rated current parameters given in a component manual and derating requirements of the application occasion;
(2) Determining the arcing time t of the candidate magnetic latching relay according to the application occasion of the magnetic latching relay;
(3) Determining the arcing energy Q of the candidate magnetic latching relay by using the arcing time t obtained in the step (2) 1 ；
(4) Calculating the candidate magnetic latching relay contact safety performance determination standard Q 2 The specific method comprises the following steps:
Q 2 ＝A(KI rate ) 2 ×10 -3
in the formula: a is a safety coefficient and ranges from 0 to 6, K is a temperature coefficient and ranges from 1, 2, 3 or 4 rate Rated current of the candidate magnetic latching relay single contact;
(5) Comparing said Q 1 And Q 2 If Q is satisfied 1 Not more than Q 2 Then, the candidate magnetic latching relay is considered to be selectable; otherwise, returning to the step (1) to reselect the candidate magnetic latching relayThe model of the relay until the candidate magnetic latching relay can be selected.
2. A magnetic latching relay selection method suitable for improving safety according to claim 1, wherein: the method for determining the safety factor A in the step (4) comprises the following steps: 0.8 to 1.2 for aerospace field, 2 to 2.2 for military vehicle and ship field, 3 to 3.6 for weapons and ammunition field, 3.6 to 4.5 for industrial equipment field, and 5.0 to 6.0 for other equipment.
3. A magnetic latching relay selection method suitable for improving safety according to claim 1, wherein: the method for determining the temperature coefficient K in the step (4) comprises the following steps: for the temperature range of 15-35 ℃, K is 4, for the temperature range of 36-55 ℃, K is 3, for the temperature range of 56-75 ℃, K is 2, and for the temperature higher than 75 ℃, K is 1.
4. A method of selecting a magnetic latching relay suitable for improving safety according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the method for determining the arcing time t of the candidate magnetic latching relay in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
t＝t 2 -t 1
wherein, t 1 Is the starting moment of contact arcing, t 2 Is the contact closing time.
5. A method of selecting a magnetic latching relay suitable for improving safety according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: the arcing energy Q of the candidate magnetic latching relay in the step (3) 1 The determination method comprises the following steps:
Q 1 ＝∫ t idt
wherein, i is the value of current passed by the magnetic latching relay contact in the arcing process, and t is the arcing time.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107703444A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-02-16 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | A kind of acquisition methods of magnetic latching relay surge current safety curve |
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| US7522400B2 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2009-04-21 | Robertshaw Controls Company | Method of detecting and correcting relay tack weld failures |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107703444A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-02-16 | 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 | A kind of acquisition methods of magnetic latching relay surge current safety curve |
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| Title |
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| 极化继电器模拟容性负载试验电路设计与研究;陈昊等;《电器与能效管理技术》;20160515(第09期);全文 * |
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