CN109241587A - The simulating analysis and system of a kind of cage-type induction machine vortex field - Google Patents

The simulating analysis and system of a kind of cage-type induction machine vortex field Download PDF

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CN109241587A
CN109241587A CN201810952333.2A CN201810952333A CN109241587A CN 109241587 A CN109241587 A CN 109241587A CN 201810952333 A CN201810952333 A CN 201810952333A CN 109241587 A CN109241587 A CN 109241587A
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cage
induction machine
analysis
field
type induction
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郑乃清
王洪涛
韩梁
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Ningde Normal University
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Ningde Normal University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/23Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H02K17/165Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors characterised by the squirrel-cage or other short-circuited windings

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Abstract

The invention belongs to electromagnetic induction technology fields, disclose the simulating analysis and system of a kind of cage-type induction machine vortex field, on the basis of Ansoft Maxwell software, simulation analysis is carried out to the squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss under cage-type induction machine different frequency using finite element method, obtain the close distribution of induction machine squirrel-cage bar electricity, air gap flux density, squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss parameter, specific steps include: creation model, are arranged and just come attribute, setting driving source and boundary condition, self adjustment mesh generation, FEM calculation, Data Post;The analytical procedure of the three-dimensional eddy current simulation model of cage-type induction machine vortex field: creation model, condition setting, addition excitation, operation solves and data processing.The present invention carries out simulation analysis to cage-type induction machine different frequency bottom bar eddy-current loss on the basis of Ansoft Maxwell software, using limited element analysis technique, and comparison obtains rule.

Description

The simulating analysis and system of a kind of cage-type induction machine vortex field
Technical field
The invention belongs to electromagnetic induction technology field more particularly to a kind of simulation analysis sides of cage-type induction machine vortex field Method and system.
Background technique
Currently, the prior art commonly used in the trade is such that
American scientist Nikola Tesla in 1888 successfully has developed First induction conductivity, Dollie in 1890 Middlebrow then has developed cage induction motor.Motor as important power device, cage induction motor with The advantages that simple, manufacture is easy, reliable for operation, cheap and easy to maintain by means of its structure, has been widely used in industry, agriculture In industry, communications and transportation, defense military and daily life.It is mostly important one of the power resources of modern industry, in its people Occupy extremely important status in production and living.By important function of the cage-type induction machine in national economy and status, from It has just been attracted the concern of a large amount of scientific workers since invention.
Cage modle induction asynchronous machine is a kind of rotor electric machine with special rotor structure, stator structure with it is commonly asynchronous Motor is identical, and common cage type conducting bar has been embedded in the integral rotor made of ferrimagnet.This kind of motor passes through rotor knot It is compound on structure, the characteristics of both having had rotor Mechanical Reliability high, and be suitable for high-speed cruising, and there is the asynchronous electricity of cage-type rotor Energy index high advantage when the small revolutional slip of machine is run[1]
The increasingly raising of science and technology, the performance of cage induction motor is more and more perfect, the manufacture of cage-type induction machine Start diversification, the quick raising of electron electric power technology makes the more perfect motor that is conducive to of the coupling of motor and external circuit realize height Precision, low control errors.The manufacture of cage-type induction machine and control technology one are increasingly mature, are moving towards to generalize.It does not exaggerate Say, the later development space of cage-type induction machine can become better and better.
Rotor in Squirrel Cage Asynchronous Motors inherently has the function of conductive and two aspects of magnetic conduction, electric and magnetic fields It combines together, so the Benefit Transfer of vortex field is obvious on rotor current.Induction machine is on startup due to rotor current Eddy current effect distribution and surrounding there are very strong kelvin effect, thus rotor parameter be subject to saturation effect, eddy current effect, The influence of hysteresis effect is very big, its accurately value is hardly resulted in general calculating.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
Induction machine on startup the eddy current effect distribution due to rotor current and surrounding there are very strong kelvin effect, Thus rotor parameter by saturation effect, eddy current effect, kelvin effect influenced very big, hardly resulted in general calculating It is accurately worth.
In the prior art, it does not utilize using finite element method to the squirrel-cage bar under cage-type induction machine different frequency Eddy-current loss carries out simulation analysis, obtains rule by the comparison of different frequency.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of simulation analysis sides of cage-type induction machine vortex field Method and system.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine vortex field, the cage modle induction The simulating analysis of motor vortex field is on the basis of Ansoft Maxwell software, using finite element method to cage modle Squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss under induction machine different frequency carries out simulation analysis, obtains the close distribution of induction machine squirrel-cage bar electricity, gas Gap flux density, squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss parameter.
Further, the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine vortex field specifically includes:
Step 1: creation model: coordinate is sequentially input according to given data, draws stator-rotor iron core, rotor slot, 2D It is vortexed field model and uses 1/4 model;
Step 2: the material that model needs the good all parts of accurate definition is established;
Step 3: setting driving source and boundary condition: drawing moving boundaries after the completion of modeling, connects finite element solving region It is continuous, when to vortex field analysis, to add Impetus of Current Source, be provided in the form of current amplitude and phase angle, three-phase induction motor items around Group current amplitude is identical, and phase successively differs 120 °;
Step 4: length surface setting, inside setting length, the approximate grid in surface self adjustment mesh generation: are carried out Subdivision;
Step 5: FEM calculation: after the completion of subdivision, entire model is analyzed to obtain flux density vectogram, flux density point Butut, distribution diagram of magnetic line of force, the joule loss of 0 ° of phase bottom bar are distributed, and obtain the Two dimensional Distribution figure of air gap flux density;
Step 6: Data Post.
Further, step 5 in FEM calculation, when using Ansoft Maxwell analysis of Electromagnetic, is based on max Wei differential equation group, and huge Matrix Solving is converted to Electromagnetic Calculation using finite element discretization form, it will infinitely convert It is limited;Maxwell's differential equation is as follows:
In formula, H is magnetic field strength, A/m;J is current density, A/m2;E is electric field strength, V/m;
B is magnetic induction intensity, T;D is dielectric displacement, C/m2;Wherein,
In formula, ε is dielectric constant, and σ is conductivity, and μ is magnetic permeability.
Further, the analysis of vortex field includes:
Solution analysis is carried out to eddy current effect by the solver of the vortex field FInite Element Ansoft Maxwell;Induced electricity Stream is to playing inhibition in the deep distribution of magnetic field conductors;Only magnetic field is allowed to penetrate certain depth, is kelvin effect;By with Lower expression formula indicates:
In formula, ω is the angular frequency of excitation, and being equal to 2 π f, f is the frequency of oscillation of driving source;
μrFor the relative permeability of conductor;
μ0For the magnetic conductivity in vacuum;
σ is the conductivity of body.
Further, step 5: FEM calculation further includes two-dimentional vortex field loss Parameter analysis, is specifically included:
Eddy-current loss calculates:
In flat magnetic field, only there are two component B for magnetic induction intensityXAnd By;Any curl of vector morning divergence is null vector Amount,Magnetic induction intensity is passive field,Introduce vector magnetic potentialVector magnetic Component A on only one direction A of positionz;Magnetic induction intensity is at air gap
It is hypothesized that air-gap field is simple straight line
Az=-∫ Bxdx
Electric field strength is expressed as in induction machine
Vortex density is expressed as in induction machine
By Joule's law, eddy-current loss power is
Revolutional slip analysis:
For asynchronous machine, the quarter of revolving speed is by synchronous rotational speed n1 and revolutional slip S;
In formula: n1For synchronous rotational speed,
N is motor speed.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simulating analysis for realizing cage-type induction machine vortex field Computer program.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simulating analysis for realizing cage-type induction machine vortex field Information data processing terminal.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of computer readable storage medium, including instruction, when its on computers When operation, so that computer executes the simulating analysis of the cage-type induction machine vortex field.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simulating analysis for realizing cage-type induction machine vortex field The simulation analysis system of the simulation analysis system of cage-type induction machine vortex field, cage-type induction machine vortex field includes:
Model creation module sequentially inputs coordinate according to given data, draws stator-rotor iron core, rotor slot, the whirlpool 2D Flow field model uses 1/4 model;
Component materials definition module establishes the material that model needs the good all parts of accurate definition;
Driving source and boundary condition setup module draw moving boundaries after the completion of modeling, keep finite element solving region continuous, When to vortex field analysis, to add Impetus of Current Source, be provided in the form of current amplitude and phase angle, three-phase induction motor items winding electricity Stream amplitude is identical, and phase successively differs 120 °;
Self adjustment mesh generation module, carries out length surface setting, inside setting length, and the approximate grid in surface cuts open Point;
FEM calculation module after the completion of subdivision, is analyzed to obtain flux density vectogram, flux density is distributed to entire model Figure, distribution diagram of magnetic line of force, the joule loss of 0 ° of phase bottom bar are distributed, and obtain the Two dimensional Distribution figure of air gap flux density;
Data Post module, Data Post.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simulation analysis system equipped with cage-type induction machine vortex field Cage-type induction machine analytical equipment.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
The present invention on the basis of Ansoft Maxwell software, using finite element method to cage-type induction machine not Squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss under same frequency carries out simulation analysis, obtains rule by the comparison of different frequency.
Maxwell three-dimensional modeling of the present invention possesses high performance three-dimensional Electromagnetic Design Software it possesses guide compared to other software The user interface of formula, the Adaptive meshing technology of precision driving and powerful preprocessor.Three-dimensional simulation also can analyze to obtain Each electromagnetic parameter of model, and it is three-dimensional compared with actually more closely, simulation effect is more preferable.The present invention will be respectively in 2D and 3D electricity It is simulated to obtain the figure of motor parameters and be analyzed in magnetic field.
FInite Element is that entire domain discretization is divided into many small regions, referred to as " unit " or " limited Member ".Traditional FInite Element is first differential equation type mathematical model-boundary value problem of required solution based on variation principle It is first converted into the variational problem that can mutually answer and functional seeks extreme-value problem;Then subdivision interpolation is utilized, discretization variational problem is The extreme-value problem of the common function of many variables, and finally it is attributed to one group of polynary Algebraic Equation set, the boundary value problem to be asked to obtain the final product of solution Numerical solution.
Be when Ansoft Maxwell analysis of Electromagnetic problem based on Maxwell's differential equation group, and using finite element from The form of dissipating is converted to Electromagnetic Calculation problem huge Matrix Solving problem, converts asking for " limited " for the problem of " unlimited " Topic.Maxwell software possesses huge algorithm mechanism, considers electromagnetic problems comprehensively, so that it is guaranteed that system function, gives designer Member brings convenience, less design risk.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the simulating analysis flow chart of cage-type induction machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention vortex field;
Fig. 2 is two dimensional model structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is principal and subordinate's border structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is 2D model facetization result schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is 3D model facetization result schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is flux density vector structure schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is flux density distributed architecture schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is magnetic line of force distribution schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is joule loss structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is air gap flux density distribution schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 25HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 30HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 35HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 40HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 15 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 45HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 16 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 50HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 17 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 55HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 18 is the close distribution schematic diagram of two dimension 60HZ squirrel-cage bar electricity provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to Limit the present invention.
The simulation model of cage-type induction machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention vortex field is in Ansoft Maxwell software On the basis of, emulation point is carried out to the squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss under cage-type induction machine different frequency using finite element method Analysis obtains the close distribution of induction machine squirrel-cage bar electricity, air gap flux density, squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss parameter.
The simulating analysis step of cage-type induction machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention vortex field are as follows:
S101: creation model: coordinate is sequentially input according to given data, draws stator-rotor iron core, rotor slot, the whirlpool 2D Flow field model uses 1/4 model.
S102: setting material properties: the material that model needs the good all parts of accurate definition is established.
S103: setting driving source and boundary condition: drawing moving boundaries after the completion of modeling, connects finite element solving region It is continuous, when to vortex field analysis, to add Impetus of Current Source, be provided in the form of current amplitude and phase angle, three-phase induction motor items around Group current amplitude is identical, and phase successively differs 120 °.
S104: self adjustment mesh generation: mesh generation is to the critical workflow before machine analysis, and concrete operations have surface Length setting, inside setting length, surface are three kinds approximate.
S105: FEM calculation: after the completion of subdivision, can carry out entire model, and analysis obtains flux density vectogram, flux density point Butut, distribution diagram of magnetic line of force, the joule loss of 0 ° of phase bottom bar are distributed, and can check the power and torque situation on rotor, 2D model needs to draw an air gap line in air gap again, according to solution procedure point in order to check air gap flux density distribution situation Analysis calculates the Two dimensional Distribution figure that will obtain air gap flux density.
S106: Data Post.
The principle of the present invention is described further combined with specific embodiments below.
The present invention using Y2-112M-6 type cage-type induction machine as object, motor be 6 pole, 36 slot, capacity 7.5KW, mainly Detail parameters see the table below 1.
Table 1
1, the operating parameter of induction machine and magnetic field
(1) slip
When the stator winding of squirrel cage induction motor is passed through balanced three-phase current, magnetic field is generated in stator winding air gap, With synchronous rotational speed n1Rotation.Rotor windings and stator winding have relative motion, induce electromotive force in the rotor windings of closure And electric current, rotor bar electric current and rotating excitation field interact, and just will appear electromagnetic torque, in general, asynchronous machine turns Rotor speed n is lower than or slightly above rotating excitation field revolving speed n1, the rotor speed of asynchronous machine and the difference of rotating excitation field are (n1- n) it is known as Slip speed.
(2) magnetic field of squirrel cage induction motor
In the case where asynchronous machine does not have load, motor is passed through three-phase current and generates rotating excitation field, revolving speed n1= 60f1/p.In no load, motor speed is approximately equal to synchronous rotational speed, and the electric current in rotor is smaller, close to Zero, we can assume that rotor current is zero, there is only stator rotating excitation fields in such air gap.
In on-load, motor speed will be reduced, from n1It is reduced to n, at this time motor stator electric current just will increase, rotor Also there is electric current to flow through in winding, the magnetomotive force between rotor will occur and establish rotor field, it is assumed that rotary speed of rotator n, this The difference of the speed of sample rotor windings and rotating excitation field is n1- n, then the frequency calculation formula of rotor inductive currents is as follows:
Relative rotation speed between rotating mmf and rotor are as follows:
Rotary magnetic is dynamic
Relative rotation speed between gesture and stator are as follows:
n2+ n=n1-n+n1 (3)
(3) main flux
The mutual flux that fundamental harmonic wave generates is known as main flux.Main flux passes through air gap and while interlink stator winding and rotor Winding;It the induced electromotive force in stator, rotor windings, main flux will be generated with rotor inductive currents interaction useful simultaneously Electromagnetic torque, and realize that energy is converted.
(4) leakage magnetic flux
It removes the magnetic flux other than main flux and is commonly referred to as leakage magnetic flux.
(5) electromagnetic torque and revolutional slip
Induction machine is the device for converting electric energy to mechanical energy, it should be understood that power-balance and torque in conversion process of energy The relationship of balance.Motor output mechanical output, therefore electromagnetic torque is a crucial physical quantity.Calculation formula is as follows:
U in formula1--- phase voltage, V;
r1, r '2, x1, x '2--- stator and rotor phase resistance and leakage reactance, Ω;
ω1--- synchronous angular frequency (rad/s), ω1=2 π f1
T --- three-phase electromagnetic torque, Nm.
When holding voltage and constant frequency, the relation curve between electromagnetic torque T and revolutional slip s claims mechanical characteristic. It is the important curve for reflecting induction machine runnability.Motor efficiency and power factor are important energy index, pass through Analysis of eddy current and operating parameter analysis, using speed regulation, that is, the method for reducing revolutional slip, improve induction machine economy fortune Row is horizontal, reaches energy-efficient purpose.
The Maxwell of Ansoft company is that one is powerful, result is accurate, wieldy finite element emulation software, Be mainly used for the simulation analysis of low frequency electromagnetic field, for user provide it is accurate, conveniently, efficient electromagnetic design platform.Maxwell root It is divided into 2D and 3D magnetic field analysis according to demand difference, comprising: electrostatic field, magnetostatic field, time-varying electric field, time-varying magnetic field, vortex field, transient state Field computation.The software can be used together with other simulation softwares and can build external circuit and be emulated, not only to list One model solution electromagnetic problems.The time of designer is saved to the full extent.
Maxwell 2D use patterned design interface, using Maxwell 2D can intuitively, quickly carry out electromagnetism The simulation of field.Maxwell 2D has powerful reprocessing rate, and after emulation terminates, user can be by post-processing tool A variety of analyses are carried out to obtained data.
For motor when establishing two dimensional model, user can be according to different requirements, different simulated environment self-definition designs Variable includes position, shape, material properties, source/boundary setting and frequency.It only needs to add one after the completion of model foundation Analysis item, setting analysis step-length, time, clicks analysis all, and software can automatically analyze entire model, calculates each electromagnetism ginseng Number does not need user's interference, the time energy of user is greatly saved.
Maxwell three-dimensional modeling possesses its use for possessing wizard-like of high performance three-dimensional Electromagnetic Design Software compared to other software Family interface, the Adaptive meshing technology of precision driving and powerful preprocessor.Three-dimensional simulation also can analyze to obtain model Each electromagnetic parameter, and it is three-dimensional compared with actually more closely, simulation effect is more preferable.The present invention will respectively 2D and 3D electromagnetic field into Row simulation obtains the figure of motor parameters and is analyzed.
FInite Element is that entire domain discretization is divided into many small regions, referred to as " unit " or " limited Member ".Traditional FInite Element is first differential equation type mathematical model-boundary value problem of required solution based on variation principle It is first converted into the variational problem that can mutually answer and functional seeks extreme-value problem;Then subdivision interpolation is utilized, discretization variational problem is The extreme-value problem of the common function of many variables, and finally it is attributed to one group of polynary Algebraic Equation set, the boundary value problem to be asked to obtain the final product of solution Numerical solution.
Be when Ansoft Maxwell analysis of Electromagnetic problem based on Maxwell's differential equation group, and using finite element from The form of dissipating is converted to Electromagnetic Calculation problem huge Matrix Solving problem, converts asking for " limited " for the problem of " unlimited " Topic.Maxwell software possesses huge algorithm mechanism, considers electromagnetic problems comprehensively, so that it is guaranteed that system function, gives designer Member brings convenience, less design risk.Electromagnetic Field problem, because the magnetic field inside motor can be counted as a stabilization Field there is no free-moving charge.Maxwell's differential equation can be simplified, as follows:
In formula, H is magnetic field strength, A/m;J is current density, A/m2;E is electric field strength, V/m;
B is magnetic induction intensity, T;D is dielectric displacement, C/m2.In addition it also needs to know:
In formula, ε is dielectric constant, and σ is conductivity, and μ is magnetic permeability.
The analysis of vortex field
As the electric current of time change is by conductor, the plane of conductor induces the magnetic changed over time with vertical place ?.This magnetic field changed over time is at the source of conductor and is parallel in the conductor at source and produces vortex, by having The solver of the limit member vortex field method Ansoft Maxwell can carry out solution analysis to this eddy current effect.Induced current is right Inhibition is played in the deep distribution of magnetic field conductors.Only magnetic field is allowed to penetrate certain depth, here it is kelvin effects.It can be by Following formula indicates:
In formula, ω is the angular frequency of excitation, and being equal to 2 π f, f is the frequency of oscillation of driving source;
μrFor the relative permeability of conductor;
μ0For the magnetic conductivity in vacuum;
σ is the conductivity of body;
Due to the influence of kelvin effect, induced current is concentrated near the surface of conductor, is more than the depth of penetration, and electric current is rapid Decaying, with the increase of frequency, the depth of penetration reduces.Magnetic is carried out to three-phase cage induction machine using two-dimensional vortex flow field calculation device Field analysis.
Split-phase is carried out to stator winding, 459.55 (current effective value 6.5A, every 50 circles of slot) are arranged to A phase current, Phase is set as 0 °, and reference direction selects Positive, and the loading method of B, C phase winding is identical as A phase winding, due to being three Symmetrical winding, it is Negative that B, C phase current Phase, which are respectively set to -120,120, C phase reference direction,.Only due to model 1/4 real electrical machinery is established, therefore applies master and slave boundary condition at motor model point.Motor solve domain outer boundary be The boundary matter of magnetic substance and non-magnetic medium, therefore apply magnetic flux parallel boundary condition, as shown in Figure 3.
Subdivision operation is carried out to model to be in the present invention configured the subdivision of model by system default for convenience of operation, What is obtained in this way is equilateral triangle grid less than normal, since 3D cage-shaped structure is designed as skewed slot, can not use 1/4 model, so With 1/2 model, subdivision graph is obtained, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5.
After the completion of subdivision, entire model can be carried out, analysis obtains flux density vectogram, flux density distribution map, magnetic line of force distribution The joule loss distribution of figure, 0 ° of phase bottom bar, as shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9.It can check the power and power on rotor Square situation, the information of power include X, Y both direction component and total resultant force, computation model subdivision solve after the completion of, 2D mould Type needs to draw an air gap line in air gap again, according to solution procedure analysis meter in order to check air gap flux density distribution situation The Two dimensional Distribution figure that will obtain air gap flux density is calculated, as shown in Figure 10.
Experiment effect of the invention is described further below with reference to embodiment.
Parameter analysis is lost in two-dimentional vortex field:
1) eddy-current loss calculates
Eddy-current loss Computing Principle is in flat magnetic field, and only there are two component B for magnetic induction intensityXAnd By.It can by vector analysis Know, any curl of vector morning divergence is zero vector, i.e.,Magnetic induction intensity is passive field, it may be assumed thatIntroduce vector magnetic potentialComponent A on only one direction vector magnetic potential Az.Magnetic induction at air gap Intensity is
It is hypothesized that air-gap field is simple straight line
Az=-∫ Bxdx (8)
Electric field strength is represented by induction machine
Vortex density is expressed as in induction machine
Due to being vortexed the self-contained circuit in induction machine, according to Kirchhoff's first law
∫∫Jds=0 (11)
By Joule's law, eddy-current loss power is
2) revolutional slip is analyzed
In asynchronous motor, when motor rotation, the magnetic field that rotor generates is different.When revolving speed is synchronous, power grid Frequency and the revolving speed of stator there is certain relationship, correspond both under this relationship.
Wherein;F is mains frequency,
P is motor pole logarithm.
So revolutional slip is exactly the difference of stator rotating excitation field revolving speed and rotor speed again divided by synchronous rotational speed.For asynchronous Machine, the quarter of revolving speed are by synchronous rotational speed n1 and revolutional slip S.
In formula: n1For synchronous rotational speed,
N is motor speed.
Three-phase alternating current is passed through in squirrel cage induction motor stator winding, stator winding generates rotating excitation field, cutting magnetic induction Line induces rotor conductor electromotive force, this electromotive force induces electric current in internal rotor with conductor relative motion, revolves rotor It turns over.Rotor direction of rotation is consistent with stator direction, and under not by external force, rotor speed is than magnetic field rotating speed It is low.Revolutional slip is the difference of stator field revolving speed and synchronous rotational speed and the ratio of stator field revolving speed, and revolutional slip is reaction induced electricity One significant variable of machine will affect the performance of motor if revolutional slip is excessive, and revolutional slip size can reflect asynchronous motor Operating condition, the contained load of squirrel cage induction motor is bigger, and speed is lower, and difference is bigger, if contained load is smaller, speed Degree is just relatively high, and difference is smaller, similar with synchronous rotational speed if contained load is in the rated range of motor, difference very little, General range is between 0.01~0.06.Stator rotating excitation field is synchronous with rotor rotating excitation field when synchronous, rotor it Between there is no relative rotation magnetic field, at this time output torque be 0, after load adds, rotary speed of rotator is far from synchronizing speed, at this time The rotating excitation field for having certain slippage is equivalent between stator and rotor, and the rotating excitation field of this certain slippage is equivalent at the same frequency of stator Exchange point compare the mouse cage conducting bar eddy-current loss situation under different rotating speeds, present invention selection changes by choosing different slip The frequency for becoming the setup of vortex field represents the slip of motor with frequency, and situation is lost in the squirrel-cage bar calculated under different frequency.
3) analysis of eddy current under different frequency
The present invention chooses this 8 groups of different frequencies of 25Hz, 30Hz, 35Hz, 40Hz, 45Hz, 50H, 55Hz, 60Hz to calculate The eddy-current loss of squirrel-cage bar.It modifies in Maxwel finite element analysis software to frequency.Modified after frequency to model into Row simulation calculation obtains the close distribution of squirrel-cage bar electricity, such as Figure 11.
The kelvin effect of squirrel-cage bar is unobvious in Figure 11, and electricity is close to be unevenly distributed, we can check the whirlpool of squirrel-cage bar Stream loss situation, can directly calculate the eddy-current loss of each squirrel-cage bar in finite element emulation software by solver.
The eddy-current loss situation column of squirrel-cage bar and the eddy-current loss distribution that in table 2, can see squirrel-cage bar in table 2 are equal Even, maximum loss 303.1357, minimal losses 285.1284 are not much different, and very little are fluctuated, in the lesser situation of frequency Under, that is, when induction machine asynchronous speed differs very little with synchronous rotational speed, squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss very little, to cage-type induction The influence of machine is ignored, and induction machine can be with long-play.
2 25Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value of table
Frequency takes the close distribution of the electricity of the squirrel-cage bar under 30Hz, and as shown in figure 12, the squirrel-cage bar kelvin effect at 30Hz is the same Unobvious, the close distribution of electricity is also more uniform, little for the squirrel-cage bar kelvin effect changes in contrast under 25Hz with frequency, but 30Hz Maximum electricity is close bigger than 25Hz.Squirrel-cage bar maximum eddy-current loss is 438.6291 as can be known from Table 3, and minimum eddy currents loss is 405.8006 eddy-current loss gap increases.Each squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss known to table 3 compares concentration, and fluctuation less, is lost small.
3 30Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value of table
Induced electricity electromechanical close distribution when frequency is 35Hz, such as Figure 13, the vortex of the vortex density of rotor surface than squirrel-cage bar Density is big, and the kelvin effect that electric current generates in squirrel-cage bar starts to show, but unobvious, and electricity is close to be evenly distributed, and maximum electricity is close It is bigger than 30Hz.
Squirrel-cage bar maximum eddy-current loss is 590.4146 as can be known from Table 4, and minimal losses 544.8081, eddy-current loss is poor Away from further increasing, squirrel-cage bar is lost degree of irregularity and increases, but is lost and increases compared under 30Hz less, in motor asynchronous speed With squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss in synchronous rotational speed slip in normal range.
4 35Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value of table
Induction electromotor rotor electricity close distribution when Setup frequency 40Hz, as shown in figure 14, the close distribution of mouse cage conducting bar electricity is very uneven Even, maximum electricity is close, and as the increase of frequency is increasing, kelvin effect is more obvious, and squirrel-cage bar maximum is damaged as can be seen from Table 5 Consumption is 761.0545, and minimal losses 700.2962,40Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss ratio 35Hz is serious very much, and eddy-current loss can drop The efficiency and power density of low motor, influence motor performance.
5 40Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value of table
Induction electromotor rotor electricity close distribution when Setup frequency 45Hz, as shown in figure 15, squirrel-cage bar maximum eddy-current loss with most Small eddy-current loss gap increases, and the fluctuation of each squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss is bigger.Have an impact to the stability of motor.
6 45Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value of table
Induction electromotor rotor electricity close distribution when Setup frequency 50Hz, 55Hz, 60Hz, as shown in Figure 16, Figure 17, Figure 18, collection Skin effect is it is obvious that squirrel-cage bar loss is very big, if continuing growing frequency, loss is lasting to increase, when motor is chronically at vortex It is lost under serious working condition, is exactly in the state of the slow-speed of revolution, temperature rise is more than permissible value, it may occur that broken strip, it will burn electricity Machine.
Frequency is each mouse cage conducting bar eddy-current loss value of 50Hz, 55Hz, 60Hz as shown in table 7,8,9, can from table Out with the increasing of frequency, eddy-current loss amplitude is significantly increased, and fluctuation is very big, and the eddy-current loss of mouse cage conducting bar crosses conference to motor Serious influence is caused, or even is burnt, it is so to cause immeasurable damage to motor being used carrying out production activity It loses.
7 50Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value of table
855Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value
9 60Hz squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss value of table
Below with reference to Solving Three Dimensional Eddy Currents loss analysis, the invention will be further described.
Solving Three Dimensional Eddy Currents loss analysis:
Analysis is as two dimensional model parameter, and because three-dimensional computations amount is bigger, the present invention is to threedimensional model analysis setup frequency Rate setting takes 4 groups of different electric frequencies, electric frequency f2=sf1, wherein rate subject to s, is set as 0.03, f for revolutional slip1For Stator winding ac frequency, industry are 50Hz, f2For the practical electric frequency of rotor.What is added in setup is exactly equivalent turn Sub- electric frequency can simulate the motor operating condition under different rotating speeds by changing different calculating electric frequencies.
Electric frequency of the present invention is chosen 0.6Hz, 0.9Hz, 1.2Hz, 1.5Hz and is asked threedimensional model squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss Solution, with the increase of electric frequency, the electricity of squirrel-cage bar is close increasing.
Squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss under 10 different frequency of table
As can be seen from Table 10 with the increase of frequency, that is, revolutional slip increase, squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss is got over Greatly, if continuing growing frequency, squirrel-cage bar loss is increasing, and motor is made to break down, and analog result and two dimensional model are simulated Conclusion it is consistent.
In the above-described embodiments, can come wholly or partly by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof real It is existing.When using entirely or partly realizing in the form of a computer program product, the computer program product include one or Multiple computer instructions.When loading on computers or executing the computer program instructions, entirely or partly generate according to Process described in the embodiment of the present invention or function.The computer can be general purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network Network or other programmable devices.The computer instruction may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, or from one Computer readable storage medium is transmitted to another computer readable storage medium, for example, the computer instruction can be from one A web-site, computer, server or data center pass through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave etc.) mode is carried out to another web-site, computer, server or data center Transmission).The computer-readable storage medium can be any usable medium or include one that computer can access The data storage devices such as a or multiple usable mediums integrated server, data center.The usable medium can be magnetic Jie Matter, (for example, floppy disk, hard disk, tape), optical medium (for example, DVD) or semiconductor medium (such as solid state hard disk Solid State Disk (SSD)) etc..
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine vortex field, which is characterized in that cage-type induction machine vortex field Simulating analysis on the basis of Ansoft Maxwell software, using finite element method to cage-type induction machine not Squirrel-cage bar eddy-current loss under same frequency carries out simulation analysis, obtains the close distribution of induction machine squirrel-cage bar electricity, air gap flux density, mouse cage Eddy-current loss parameter.
2. the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine as described in claim 1 vortex field, which is characterized in that the cage modle induction The simulating analysis of motor vortex field specifically includes:
Step 1: creation model: sequentially inputting coordinate according to given data, draws stator-rotor iron core, rotor slot, 2D vortex Field model uses 1/4 model;
Step 2: the material that model needs the good all parts of accurate definition is established;
Step 3: setting driving source and boundary condition: drawing moving boundaries, keep finite element solving region continuous after the completion of modeling, When to vortex field analysis, to add Impetus of Current Source, be provided in the form of current amplitude and phase angle, three-phase induction motor items winding electricity Stream amplitude is identical, and phase successively differs 120 °;
Step 4: length surface setting, inside setting length, the approximate mesh generation in surface self adjustment mesh generation: are carried out;
Step 5: FEM calculation: after the completion of subdivision, to entire model analyzed to obtain flux density vectogram, flux density distribution map, Distribution diagram of magnetic line of force, the joule loss of 0 ° of phase bottom bar are distributed, and obtain the Two dimensional Distribution figure of air gap flux density;
Step 6: Data Post.
3. the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine as claimed in claim 2 vortex field, which is characterized in that
Step 5 in FEM calculation, when using Ansoft Maxwell analysis of Electromagnetic, is based on Maxwell's differential equation Group, and huge Matrix Solving is converted to Electromagnetic Calculation using finite element discretization form, it is limited by being infinitely converted into;Mike This Wei differential equation is as follows:
In formula, H is magnetic field strength, A/m;J is current density, A/m2;E is electric field strength, V/m;
B is magnetic induction intensity,D is dielectric displacement, C/m2;Wherein,
In formula, ε is dielectric constant, and σ is conductivity, and μ is magnetic permeability.
4. the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine as claimed in claim 2 vortex field, which is characterized in that the analysis of vortex field Include:
Solution analysis is carried out to eddy current effect by the solver of the vortex field FInite Element Ansoft Maxwell;Induced current pair Inhibition is played in the deep distribution of magnetic field conductors;Only magnetic field is allowed to penetrate certain depth, is kelvin effect;By following table It is indicated up to formula:
In formula, ω is the angular frequency of excitation, and being equal to 2 π f, f is the frequency of oscillation of driving source;
μrFor the relative permeability of conductor;
μ0For the magnetic conductivity in vacuum;
σ is the conductivity of body.
5. the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine as claimed in claim 2 vortex field, which is characterized in that
Step 5: FEM calculation further includes two-dimentional vortex field loss Parameter analysis, is specifically included:
Eddy-current loss calculates:
In flat magnetic field, only there are two component B for magnetic induction intensityXAnd By;Any curl of vector morning divergence is zero vector,Magnetic induction intensity is passive field,Introduce vector magnetic potentialVector magnetic potential A Component A on only one directionz;Magnetic induction intensity is at air gap
It is hypothesized that air-gap field is simple straight line
Az=-∫ Bxdx
Electric field strength is expressed as in induction machine
Vortex density is expressed as in induction machine
By Joule's law, eddy-current loss power is
Revolutional slip analysis:
For asynchronous machine, the quarter of revolving speed is by synchronous rotational speed n1 and revolutional slip S;
In formula: n1For synchronous rotational speed,
N is motor speed.
6. a kind of calculating for realizing the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine vortex field described in Claims 1 to 5 any one Machine program.
7. a kind of information for realizing the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine vortex field described in Claims 1 to 5 any one Data processing terminal.
8. a kind of computer readable storage medium, including instruction, when run on a computer, so that computer is executed as weighed Benefit requires the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine vortex field described in 1-5 any one.
9. a kind of cage-type induction machine vortex for realizing the simulating analysis of cage-type induction machine vortex field described in claim 1 Simulation analysis system, which is characterized in that the simulation analysis system of cage-type induction machine vortex field includes:
Model creation module sequentially inputs coordinate according to given data, draws stator-rotor iron core, rotor slot, the vortex field 2D Model uses 1/4 model;
Component materials definition module establishes the material that model needs the good all parts of accurate definition;
Driving source and boundary condition setup module draw moving boundaries after the completion of modeling, keep finite element solving region continuous, to whirlpool When flow field analysis, to add Impetus of Current Source, be provided in the form of current amplitude and phase angle, three-phase induction motor items winding current width It is worth identical, phase successively differs 120 °;
Self adjustment mesh generation module carries out length surface setting, inside setting length, the approximate mesh generation in surface;
FEM calculation module after the completion of subdivision, analyzes entire model to obtain flux density vectogram, flux density distribution map, magnetic The joule loss distribution of line of force distribution map, 0 ° of phase bottom bar, obtains the Two dimensional Distribution figure of air gap flux density;
Data Post module, Data Post.
10. a kind of cage-type induction machine equipped with the simulation analysis system of cage-type induction machine vortex field described in claim 9 Analytical equipment.
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CN112434450A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-03-02 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 Linear motor joint optimization design method based on Matlab and Maxwell
CN112434450B (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-09-27 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 Linear motor joint optimization design method based on Matlab and Maxwell
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