CN109239523B - Active power distribution network fault positioning method based on improved Karrenbauer transformation - Google Patents
Active power distribution network fault positioning method based on improved Karrenbauer transformation Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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Abstract
The invention relates to an active power distribution network fault positioning method based on improved Karrenbauer transformation, which comprises the steps of obtaining an active power distribution network impedance matrix by a control center, diagonalizing the impedance matrix by using a standard Karrenbauer transformation matrix to obtain a primary transformation matrix, calculating the improved Karrenbauer transformation matrix, dividing the active power distribution network into a plurality of sections, transforming by using the improved Karrenbauer transformation matrix to obtain α, β and 0 mode currents, calculating a α mode fault additional current phase angle difference by a local data processing device and sending the phase angle difference to the control center to generate a real-time system state information matrix, and judging whether each section has a fault or not by the control center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault location of an active power distribution network containing a distributed power supply, and particularly relates to a novel method for realizing fault location of the active power distribution network based on improved Karrenbauer transformation by considering the asymmetric characteristic of line parameters of the power distribution network.
Background
Under the background of increasingly tense world primary energy sources and more serious problems of energy conservation and emission reduction, Distributed Generation (DG) technology is generally concerned by people with unique economy and environmental protection.
The distributed power generation technology is a generator set which is connected into a module type, clean, pollution-free and small in capacity on the basis of power supply of a large power grid, and is generally installed near users, such as a wind driven generator, a photovoltaic cell, a fuel cell and the like. After the DGs are connected to the grid, the power distribution network is converted from a traditional radial single-ended power supply network into a two-end/multi-end power supply network. Most of the traditional fault positioning strategies are based on the unidirectional tide characteristic of a radial power distribution network, the structure of the power distribution network is changed by the access of DGs, and the distribution of short-circuit current is changed greatly, so that the fault positioning result is inevitably influenced. In addition, the medium and low voltage distribution network does not adopt three-phase transposition measures any more, so that three-phase line parameters of the distribution network are asymmetric, and the difficulty in accurately positioning faults of the active distribution network is increased.
At present, most researches on fault location of a power distribution network containing DGs ignore the asymmetry of line parameters of the power distribution network, and directly treat an asymmetric network as a symmetric network; and many studies do not deeply discuss the influence of the existence of the fault point transition resistance on the positioning, which limits the practicability of the fault positioning scheme. In addition, some power distribution network fault location methods, such as matrix algorithms and intelligent algorithms, have the problems that the fault location time is long and the fault section location cannot be realized quickly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a new active power distribution network fault positioning method based on improved Karrenbauer transformation, and aims to solve the problems that after a power distribution network is connected into a DG, the positioning accuracy of a traditional fault positioning scheme is reduced, the efficiency is low, and three-phase parameters of the power distribution network are asymmetric. According to the characteristics of the parameter matrix of the active power distribution network and the characteristics of fault current, a phase-mode transformation method and a fault location criterion which are suitable for high-precision decoupling of a three-phase network of the non-transposition power distribution network are found, and rapid and precise fault location of the DG-containing active power distribution network is achieved. The technical scheme is as follows:
an active power distribution network fault positioning method based on improved Karrenbauer transformation comprises the following steps:
(1) the control center obtains an impedance matrix Z of the active power distribution network, wherein the form of the Z is shown as a formula (1), and diagonalization processing is performed on the impedance matrix by using a standard Karrenbauer transformation matrix to obtain a primary transformation matrix Y:
Y=K-1ZK (2)
correcting Karrenbauer matrix K for preliminary transformation matrix Y2And carrying out diagonalization treatment to obtain a diagonalized matrix lambda with higher precision:
λ=(K2)-1YK2=(KK2)-1Z(KK2) (3)
wherein:
let S be KK2S is an improved Karrenbauer transformation matrix;
(2) dividing an active power distribution network into a plurality of sections, respectively labeling each section and nodes at two ends of the section, synchronously acquiring three-phase currents at the nodes at two ends of each section by using a protection measuring device at the nodes at two ends of each section, filtering, and obtaining α, β and 0-mode currents by using improved Karrenbauer transformation matrix transformation;
(3) the local data processing device calculates the fault additional current after taking α mode current at two ends of the sectionα mode fault additional current phase angle theta at two ends of a section is obtained by fast Fourier transform1(i)、θ1(j) And calculating the additional current phase angle difference of the section α mode fault:
Δθ1(i,j)=θ1(i)-θ1(j)
obtained Delta theta1(i, j) the data is sent to the control center by communication, and the control center receives and stores delta theta1(i, j) generating a real-time system state information matrix;
(4) the threshold value delta for judging the fault of the control center section is 7.5-8 degrees, whether the element value in the system state information matrix is larger than the threshold value or not is judged, and if a certain element is lower than the threshold value, the section is not in fault; if some element is larger than the threshold value, judging that the section has a fault;
(5) and the control center immediately processes the fault after detecting and positioning the fault, and sends action signals to the protection devices at two ends of the fault section to isolate the fault.
Compared with the prior art, the scheme provides a new active power distribution network fault positioning method based on improved Karrenbauer transformation on the basis of fully considering distributed power supply access, and the following beneficial effects are achieved:
(1) aiming at the characteristic of asymmetric parameters of the power distribution network line, the phase-mode conversion method based on the improved Karrenbauer conversion can realize the high-precision decoupling of the asymmetric network. The transformation method has the advantages of simple calculation process, small calculation amount and high decoupling precision.
(2) And deducing a fault positioning criterion of the active power distribution network section on the basis of high-precision decoupling of the asymmetric network. The criterion is not influenced by transition resistance, accords with the practical characteristics of parameters of the power distribution network, can realize rapid positioning of the active power distribution network, does not need to be additionally provided with directional elements, and has higher reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 α model composite sequence net equivalent decomposition circuit, (a) α model normal state, (b) α model fault additional state
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for locating faults in an active power distribution network
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a power distribution network simulation system
Detailed Description
The method comprises the following steps of firstly, according to the characteristic that line parameters of the power distribution network are asymmetric due to no transposition and have the central symmetry of a parameter impedance matrix, carrying out standard Karrenbauer transformation on the line impedance matrix of the power distribution network to increase the sparsity of the matrix, providing a premise for accurate decoupling, further carrying out diagonalization treatment on a primary transformation matrix to obtain a Karrenbauer correction matrix, thereby obtaining a phase-mode transformation matrix capable of realizing the high-accuracy decoupling of the three phases of the power distribution network without transposition, namely improving the Karrenbauer matrix, and on the basis of the high-accuracy decoupling of the three-phase network, deducing the criterion of fault location of a section of the active power distribution network, which is not influenced by transition resistance, by theoretically analyzing the phase angle difference of α mode fault additional current components after the three-phase decoupling of the active power distribution network, thereby realizing the accurate fault location of the power distribution network with the distributed power, wherein the scheme comprises the following steps:
1. improved Karrenbauer transformation for realizing accurate decoupling of asymmetric network
In practice, three-phase conductors of a medium-low voltage distribution network are usually arranged horizontally or vertically, and the distances between the three phases are not completely equal any more, so that the line parameters of the system are asymmetric. Analysis shows that the arrangement form of the medium and low voltage distribution network leads enables the impedance matrix of the line to be in the form of a central symmetric matrix:
aiming at the characteristic that the line parameters are asymmetric but have the central symmetry of a parameter impedance matrix caused by no transposition of a power distribution network, the impedance matrix is subjected to standard Karrenbauer transformation to increase the sparsity of the matrix, and a premise is provided for accurate decoupling; on the basis, further diagonalization processing is carried out on the preliminary transformation matrix to obtain a correction matrix, and then a phase-mode transformation matrix capable of realizing three-phase high-precision decoupling of the transposition-free power distribution network is obtained, namely the Karrenbauer matrix is improved.
(1) Standard Karrenbauer transformation
The Karrenbauer transformation matrix is known as follows:
mathematically, the decoupling process of the impedance matrix, i.e. the process of seeking the phase-mode transformation matrix S to realize the impedance matrix Z diagonalization, is expressed as S by the formula-1ZS ═ λ. The impedance matrix Z is preliminarily transformed by using a standard Karrenbauer transformation matrix to obtain:
therefore, for the medium and low voltage distribution network line impedance matrix in the form shown in the formula (1), the coupling degree between the α mode component and the β mode component is weakened to a certain extent through Karrenbauer transformation.
(2) Improved Karrenbauer transformation
As can be seen from the formula (3), in order to realize the decoupling of the matrix Z finally, only the decoupling of the matrix Y needs to be realized, that is to say, the decoupling is realized through the preliminary Karrenbauer transformationThe decoupling problem of Z can then be further translated into the decoupling problem of Y: seeking a phase-mode transformation matrix K2The diagonalization of the matrix Y is achieved. The mathematical expression is as follows:
(K2)-1YK2=λ (5)
to ask for the modulus transformation matrix K2First, starting with solving the eigenvalue λ:
the characteristic value can be determined from equation (6):
thus, the phase-mode transformation matrix for Y is:
combining the above two transformations, we can obtain:
thus, the impedance matrix Z is diagonalized with a higher accuracy by the transformation. The new phase-mode transformation matrix is S-KK2,K2Can be regarded as the correction of the original Karrenbauer transformation matrix, which is called as the corrected Karrenbauer matrix. New phase-mode transformation matrix S-KK2The method is called an improved Karrenbauer transformation matrix.
2. Power distribution network section fault positioning criterion based on improved Karrenbauer transformation
(1) Phase angle difference of additional current of α mode network fault in internal fault
As can be seen from the principle of superposition, the α -mode equivalent sequence diagram can be decomposed into two parts, namely a normal state and a fault additional state, which are respectively shown in FIGS. 1(a) and (b), wherein the reference direction of the fault additional current and the normal current are definedIn the same direction.
From fig. 1(b) the fault added current across the segment can be calculated as:
in the formula:
since the parameters of the line are evenly distributed along the line, the parameters are concentratedCan be expressed as In the form of (1), Z represents the impedance per unit length of the line. After substituting the formula (11), the finishing can be obtained:
the phase angle difference of the fault additional current can be inferred as:
from equation (13), it can be seen that for the α mode network, when the in-zone fault occurs, the phase angle difference of the fault additional current is 180 °.
(2) Phase angle difference of α mode network fault additional current in external fault
When a fault occurs outside the section, the current passing through the head end and the tail end of the section is the same, so that the phase angle difference of the α mode fault additional current is 0 degree at the moment.
From the above analysis, it is found that the phase angle difference of the α mode fault additional current is 180 ° when a fault occurs inside the block, and the phase angle difference of the α mode fault additional current is 0 ° when a fault occurs outside the block.
In consideration of the measurement errors and the calculation errors of the phase-to-analog conversion which may be present in practice, a threshold value δ is set for the fault criterion, and a fault is only detected in this section if the fault component current phase angle difference is greater than this threshold value. The angular error of the current transformer is considered, the general load is selected according to a 10% error curve and is considered as 7 degrees; the calculation error can be considered as 0.5-1 deg.. Therefore, the threshold value of the criterion is generally 7.5-8 degrees.
Therefore, the fault location criterion of the active power distribution network is shown as the formula (14):
3. effect of transition resistance on Fault location
The transition resistance affects the additional impedance for the network after phase-mode conversion, so the transition resistance only changes the value of the additional impedance for α modes, and the formula (13) shows that delta theta1(i,j)=arg(-k2/k1) And is independent of the transition resistance, so the fault criterion based on the α mode fault additional current phase angle difference is not influenced by the transition resistance.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the fault location strategy provided by the present invention, a three-phase asymmetric active power distribution network example is selected, as shown in fig. 3. A corresponding simulation model is built in Matlab/Simulink.
The line impedance matrix is:
(1) impedance matrix decoupling
The impedance matrix was decoupled using a symmetric component method, with the following results:
decoupling the impedance matrix using an improved Karrenbauer transformation, the results are as follows:
comparing the two decoupling results, it is found that: for the parameter asymmetric matrix, the capability of weakening the three-phase coupling degree by a symmetric component method is smaller, and the improved Karrenbauer transformation provided by the invention can realize the impedance matrix decoupling with higher precision.
(2) Fault location simulation
Table 1 shows the simulation of the improved Karrenbauer transform based fault location method under different transition resistances at different segments. By contrast, when different types of faults occur in different sections, whether transition resistance exists or not, the fault location method can achieve accurate fault section location.
TABLE 1 Fault location results based on improved Karrenbauer transformation
When the values of the transition resistances are different, and the section 3 has a fault, the values of α mode fault component current phase angle differences of the section based on the improved Karrenbauer transformation are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 phase angle difference (Unit/0) of fault component current for different transition resistances
Claims (1)
1. An active power distribution network fault positioning method based on improved Karrenbauer transformation comprises the following steps:
(1) the control center obtains an impedance matrix Z of the active power distribution network, wherein the form of the Z is shown as a formula (1), and diagonalization processing is performed on the impedance matrix by using a standard Karrenbauer transformation matrix to obtain a primary transformation matrix Y:
wherein
Correcting Karrenbauer matrix K for preliminary transformation matrix Y2And carrying out diagonalization treatment to obtain a diagonalized matrix lambda with higher precision:
λ=(K2)-1YK2=(KK2)-1Z(KK2) (3)
wherein:
let S be KK2S is an improved Karrenbauer transformation matrix;
(2) dividing an active power distribution network into a plurality of sections, respectively labeling each section and nodes at two ends of the section, synchronously acquiring three-phase currents at the nodes at two ends of each section by using a protection measuring device at the nodes at two ends of each section, filtering, and obtaining α, β and 0-mode currents by using improved Karrenbauer transformation matrix transformation;
(3) the local data processing device calculates the fault additional current after taking α mode current at two ends of the sectionα mode fault additional current phase angle theta at two ends of a section is obtained by fast Fourier transform1(i)、θ1(j) And calculating the additional current phase angle difference of the section α mode fault:
Δθ1(i,j)=θ1(i)-θ1(j)
obtained Delta theta1(i, j) the data is sent to the control center by communication, and the control center receives and stores delta theta1(i, j) generating a real-time system state information matrix;
(4) the threshold value delta for judging the fault of the control center section is 7.5-8 degrees, whether the element value in the system state information matrix is larger than the threshold value or not is judged, and if a certain element is lower than the threshold value, the section is not in fault; if some element is larger than the threshold value, judging that the section has a fault;
(5) and the control center immediately processes the fault after detecting and positioning the fault, and sends action signals to the protection devices at two ends of the fault section to isolate the fault.
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