CN109239142B - Method and device for measuring denitrification rate of sediment - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring denitrification rate of sediment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109239142B CN109239142B CN201811074371.9A CN201811074371A CN109239142B CN 109239142 B CN109239142 B CN 109239142B CN 201811074371 A CN201811074371 A CN 201811074371A CN 109239142 B CN109239142 B CN 109239142B
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable sediment denitrification rate (DNR) measuring method and a measuring device. The invention relates to a method for separating NH participating in coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn)4 +N and NO by uncoupled nitrification-denitrification3 ‑The device has the advantages of simple structure, easy disassembly, small volume and convenient carrying, does not relate to pre-culture of samples, can directly carry out on-site in-situ measurement, ensures the timeliness of measurement, and can more accurately reflect the actual denitrification performance on site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental detection, in particular to a method and a device for measuring the denitrification rate of sediments.
Background
Sediment, an important component of the water environment, acts as a "sink" for pollutants "And the endogenous release of river and lake sediments becomes a main cause of nitrogen pollution after the exogenous pollution is effectively controlled. The transformation behavior of endogenous nitrogen in sediment is a multiphase, complex biogeochemical process involving multiple factors, chemical, biological, physical, etc., wherein denitrification is a key process of the biogeochemical cycle of sediment nitrogen and is also an important way to cut down the nitrogen load and control the release of endogenous nitrogen. NO required for denitrification of sediment3 -There are two sources: one is NO from diffusion of overlying water into the deposit3 -I.e. uncoupled nitrification-denitrification (Dw); second, NH from the deposit4 +Production of NO by nitration3 -I.e. coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn). The denitrification plays an irreplaceable role in slowing down the process of eutrophication of the water body in rivers and lakes. Therefore, how to effectively measure the denitrification rate of the sediment is an important link for evaluating the environmental behavior of the nitrogen nutritive salt.
However, the final product N due to denitrification2The high background in the atmospheric environment makes accurate determination of the denitrification rate difficult, and is also influenced by a number of environmental factors (temperature, DO, pH, hydrodynamic conditions, etc.), further exacerbating the complexity of the denitrification rate determination. Many scientists have conducted a great deal of research and innovation over the years and have devised a variety of methods, including15N isotope tracing method, acetylene inhibition method, N2Flux method, microelectrode method, N2: ar ratio measurement, pore water profile diagenetic mode, and the like.
So far, the method for measuring the denitrification rate of the sediments at home and abroad comprises the acetylene inhibition method which is relatively widely applied, the denitrification rate is basically measured after laboratory simulation culture, and the denitrification rate is different from the conditions of the field environment such as substrate level and gradient distribution, anoxic microenvironment distribution, hydrodynamic force and the like, so that the possibility of overestimating or underestimating the denitrification rate often occurs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the denitrification rate of sediments, which can be used for on-site in-situ measurement, and the device is convenient to carry, easy to operate and accurate in measurement precision.
The invention provides a device and a method suitable for measuring the denitrification rate of sediment, and breaks through the commonly used measurement of the terminal product N in the prior art2O or N2Or added manually15N, from NH involved in coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn)4 +N and NO by uncoupled nitrification-denitrification3 -and-N (Dw), establishing a denitrification rate analysis model containing non-coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dw) and coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn) by combining with the comparative analysis of the behavior process of the endogenous nitrogen of the sediment and utilizing a component chemical equilibrium relationship and a process metering relationship, correcting the model by influencing key parameters of the denitrification process of the sediment, innovatively developing a measuring device and a measuring method for the in-situ denitrification rate of the sediment on the basis of the correction, and realizing the substantial innovation of the measuring method for the denitrification rate of the sediment in the prior art by utilizing the system integration of the existing in-situ ammonia nitrogen measuring instrument and the nitric acid nitrogen measuring instrument.
In the past, denitrification rate measurement is basically performed after laboratory simulation culture, and the denitrification rate measurement is different from conditions of field environment such as substrate level and gradient distribution, anoxic microenvironment distribution, hydrodynamic force and the like, so that the possibility of overestimating or underestimating the denitrification rate often occurs.
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the denitrification rate of sediment, which measure the ion concentration by a sensor with a built-in ion selective electrode and directly measure NH participating in the coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn) within set time by the existing in-situ ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen measuring instrument4 +N and NO without coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dw)3 --the start and end concentrations of N to calculate the denitrification rate.
The denitrification rate measuring device and method provided by the invention do not relate to the pre-culture of a sample, can directly carry out on-site in-situ measurement, not only ensures the timeliness of the measurement, but also can more accurately reflect the actual denitrification performance on site.
The invention provides a method for measuring the denitrification rate of sediment, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): first, NH in the deposit is determined simultaneously4 +-N and NO3 -The corresponding ion concentration change of N is between 0min and t min, and the digestion rate constant K is obtained on the basisNH4 +And denitrification rate constant KNO3 -。
Step (2): according to NH4 +-N and NO3 --establishing a denitrification rate analysis model based on the relation between the ion concentration change of N and the denitrification rate; then measuring NH in the deposit4 +-N and NO3 --the ion concentration of N is brought into the denitrification rate analytical model, thereby enabling the determination of the denitrification rate; wherein, the denitrification rate analysis model is as follows:
wherein DNR is denitrification rate (mg/m)2.h)；
ΦNO3 -Is NO at any time between 0min and t min3 --concentration of N (mg/L);
ΦNH4 +at any time NH between 0min and t min4 +-concentration of N (mg/L);
KNH4 +is the nitrification rate constant (1/min);
KNO3 -is the denitrification rate constant (1/min);
v is L of the volume of the system formed by the sediment and the water covered on the surface layer of the sediment by 10-15 cm;
a is the upper surface area (m) of the deposit2)；
The sediment is selected from bottom mud of ocean, estuary or river lake.
T is more than or equal to 90 min; preferably, it is 120 min.
In step (1) of the present invention, the nitration rate constant
The denitrification rate constant
Wherein [ NH ]4 +-N]0、[NH4 +-N]tNH at 0min and t min respectively4 +-N concentration, [ NO3 --N]0、[NO3 --N]tNO at 0min and t min, respectively3 --the concentration of N.
Wherein t is more than or equal to 90 min; preferably, it is 120 min.
The invention also provides a sediment denitrification rate measuring device, which comprises: telescopic link nut accessory, telescopic link, sensor, telescopic link fixed interface, fixed shell, clean compressed air connector, sensor cable and changer.
The telescopic rod nut accessories are uniformly distributed on the telescopic rod;
the telescopic rod is connected with the fixed shell through a telescopic rod fixed interface connected with the lower end of the telescopic rod;
the fixed shell is connected with the sensor;
the upper end of the sensor is connected with the compressed air connector for cleaning;
the lower end of the sensor cable is connected with the sensor, and the upper end of the sensor cable is connected with the transmitter.
In the invention, the number of the sensors is 2, and ion selective electrodes are arranged in the sensors; one is internally provided with a nitric acid nitrogen ion selective electrode, and the other is internally provided with an ammonia nitrogen ion selective electrode; wherein, the distance between 2 sensors is about 3-5cm, and the error of ion concentration caused in the distance range is negligible.
In the invention, the number of the telescopic rod nut accessories is 2 or more; preferably, 2.
The telescopic rod nut fitting is a screw rod; the screw rod is provided with a hexagon nut and is made of polytechnology flame-retardant PP.
The telescopic rod nut accessories are uniformly distributed on the telescopic rod, and the length of the telescopic rod can be adjusted by rotating the nut accessories.
The telescopic rod is provided with scales, so that the sensor can be conveniently placed according to the water depth, and the adjustable range is 0.5-3 m.
Wherein, the telescopic link is stainless steel high-quality metal, can bear 160kg indeformable.
In the invention, the bottom of the fixed shell is in a sawtooth shape and is used for fixing the whole device so as to ensure the stability of the device when the sediment is inserted.
The material of the fixed shell can be hard rubber, and can also be other suitable materials. The fixed shell is two-half solid and is mounted immediately after use, and the left end and the right end are provided with screws for fixing.
In the invention, each cleaning time is 4-15s, continuous cleaning can not be carried out, and the interval between two cleaning operations is at least 30 min.
In the present invention, the maximum length of the sensor cable is 100 m.
The transmitter comprises a display screen and an operation unit, wherein the operation unit comprises an internal circuit, the internal circuit comprises an ammonia processing circuit, a nitrate processing circuit and a P L C integrated output circuit, and each control circuit is provided with a leakage protector.
In one embodiment, the test device is connected, fixed and operated, the fixed shell is buckled on the outer side of the sensor, a screw is screwed, a telescopic rod is connected with the fixed shell, a transmitter is fixed at a position convenient for reading, then the water depth is measured, the telescopic rod is adjusted to lower the sensor according to the water depth, the lower ends of the fixed shell and the sensor are immersed in bottom mud, the test device is fixed, finally a power supply is turned on, denitrification measurement time t is set, 0-t ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen data changes are collected, and the denitrification rate is measured after P L C (Programmable L organic Controller) integrated analysis.
The invention also provides a P L C integrated system based on the denitrification rate analysis model, which is based on NH4 +-N and NO3 -And (4) establishing a denitrification rate analysis model according to the relation between the ion concentration change of N and the denitrification rate, and realizing the determination of the denitrification rate through P L C.
The invention also provides application of the sediment denitrification rate determination method in determination of the sediment denitrification rate.
The invention also provides application of the device for measuring the denitrification rate of the sediment in measuring the denitrification rate of the sediment.
The invention combines the current state research of the denitrification determination method at home and abroad, breaks through the existing research thought of measuring the denitrification product, and takes part in NH of coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn) according to the relation of stoichiometry and material balance4 +N and NO by uncoupled nitrification-denitrification3 -Starting with-N, devices and methods suitable for in situ determination of denitrification rate of deposits were developed.
The invention aims to realize the analysis of NH participating in coupled nitrification-denitrification (Dn)4 +N and NO by uncoupled nitrification-denitrification3 --N (Dw), skillfully integrating the existing ammonia nitrogen tester and the existing nitric acid nitrogen tester, and synchronously measuring NH in the bottom sludge4 +-N and NO3 -And (4) constructing a denitrification rate analytical model by virtue of the concentration change of-N, thereby effectively solving the problem of in-situ determination of the denitrification rate of the sediment.
The portable sediment denitrification rate measuring device and the measuring method provided by the invention can particularly realize the in-situ measurement of the sediment denitrification rate, so that the measurement of the sediment denitrification rate is more convenient and accurate. The measuring device has simple structure, easy disassembly and small volume, is convenient to carry, can stably grasp sediment due to the zigzag design at the bottom of the shell, can not be washed away by water flow even under the water bottom environment with turbulent water flow or sand and stone and the like, and can more accurately realize the in-situ measurement of the denitrification rate of the sediment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view (a) and an elevation view (b) of the stationary casing 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a detailed view of the telescopic rod nut fitting 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the P L C integration analysis based on the denitrification rate analysis model of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the ammonia nitrogen concentration of the system of the present invention during the 0-120min period (1 acquisition time every 10min and 3 measurement times).
FIG. 6 shows the nitrate nitrogen concentration during the 0-120min period of the system test (1 acquisition is set every 10min, and 3 measurements are made).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
As shown in fig. 1-3, 1-telescopic rod nut fitting, 2-telescopic rod, 3-sensor, 4-telescopic rod fixing interface, 5-fixing shell, 6-compressed air connector for cleaning, 7-sensor cable and 8-transmitter.
The invention provides a technical scheme adopted by denitrification rate in-situ determination, which comprises the configuration of a determination device, a P L C integrated system based on a denitrification rate analysis model and an operation mode of the determination device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
configuration of measuring apparatus
The measuring device is characterized in that a telescopic rod nut accessory 1, a telescopic rod 2, a sensor 3 (containing an ion selective electrode), a telescopic rod fixing interface 4, a fixing shell 5, compressed air for cleaning 6 are connected, a sensor cable 7 and a transmitter 8 form a whole (as shown in figure 1). The structure of the fixed housing 5 and the telescopic rod nut fitting 1 are shown in fig. 2 and 3, respectively.
P L C integrated computing system based on denitrification rate analysis model
Monitoring potential difference generated by ion exchange through a sensor with a built-in ion selective electrode, and obtaining NH participating in denitrification process based on Nernst equation4 +-N and NO3 --a head-to-tail ion concentration of N. According to NH4 +-N and NO3 -Modeling the relation between the ion concentration change of N and the denitrification rate to obtain a denitrification rate analysis model, and completing the integrated calculation analysis of the denitrification rate model through P L C (Programmable L chemical Controller) to realize the determination of the denitrification rate (the principle is shown in FIG. 4).
Wherein DNR is denitrification rate (mg/m)2.h)；ΦNO3 -Is NO at any time between 0min and t min3 -Concentration of N (mg/L); ΦNH4 +At any time NH between 0min and t min4 +Concentration of N (mg/L), KNH4 +Is the nitrification rate constant (1/min); kNO3 -Is the denitrification rate constant (1/min), V is the volume (L) of the system formed by the sediment and the water covering the sediment with the thickness of 10-15cm, A is the upper surface area (m) of the sediment2) The t is more than or equal to 90 min; preferably, it is 120 min.
Third, operation mode of measuring device
The method comprises the steps of firstly buckling a fixed shell on the outer side of a sensor 7, screwing a telescopic rod nut fitting 1, connecting a telescopic rod 2 with a fixed shell 5, fixing a transmitter 8 at a position convenient for reading, then measuring the water depth, adjusting the telescopic rod 2 to lower the sensor 7 according to the water depth, enabling the lower ends of the fixed shell 5 and the sensor 7 to be immersed in bottom mud, fixing a testing device, finally turning on a power supply, setting denitrification measurement time t, collecting 0-t ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen data, and measuring denitrification rate after P L C integrated analysis.
In the invention, preferably, the number of the telescopic rod nut fittings 1 is 2, the telescopic rod nut fittings are uniformly distributed on the telescopic rod 2, and the length of the telescopic rod 2 can be adjusted by rotating the telescopic screw rod nut fittings 1. The nut is stretched by left-hand twisting, the size is fixed by right-hand twisting, and ASD material is molded and forged.
In the invention, preferably, the number of the telescopic rods is 1, and the telescopic rods are connected with the fixed shell 5 through the telescopic rod fixed interfaces 4. Scales are marked on the telescopic rod, so that the sensor can be conveniently placed according to the water depth, and the adjustable range is 0.5m-3 m. The telescopic rod is made of stainless steel high-quality metal, and can bear 160kg without deformation.
In the invention, 2 sensors are provided, one is internally provided with a nitric acid nitrogen ion selective electrode, and the other is internally provided with an ammonia nitrogen ion selective electrode.
In the present invention, the number of the fixed casing 5 is 1, and preferably, the bottom of the fixed casing 5 is a saw-tooth type for fixing the whole device to ensure the stability of the device when the sediment is inserted. And, the distance between the two sensors 3 is fixed at the same time, preferably, the distance between the two sensors 3 is about 3-5cm, and the error of the ion concentration caused in this distance range is negligible. The material of the fixed housing 5 may be hard rubber, or may be other suitable materials. The fixed shell 5 is two-half solid, and is mounted immediately after use, and the left end and the right end are provided with screws for fixing.
In the invention, two compressed air connectors 6 for cleaning are distributed at the upper ends of 2 sensors 3. The cleaning time is 4-15s each time, continuous cleaning is not available, and the interval between two cleaning operations is at least 30 min.
In the invention, the cable of the sensor 7 is a multi-interface cable, the lower part of the cable is connected with two sensors, the upper part of the cable is connected to a wiring terminal block in the transmitter 8, and the maximum cable length is 100 m. Care is taken not to tighten the cable when lowering the sensor 3.
In the invention, 1 transmitter 8 is provided with a display screen and an operation unit, an internal circuit comprises an ammonia processing circuit, a nitrate processing circuit and a P L C integrated output circuit, each control circuit is provided with a leakage protector, and when the transmitter is installed outdoors, moisture protection is taken and a protective cover can be used in rainy days.
The natural river course of the sea is taken as a research object, the device disclosed by the invention is implemented to determine the denitrification rate of the sediment in situ, and simultaneously, a comparative test case for determining the denitrification rate of the sediment by an acetylene inhibition method is implemented, and the water temperature is 22.3-22.9 ℃ during the test.
Example 1: the invention measures the denitrification rate of the sediments of a natural river in the Shanghai
Firstly, a fixed shell is sleeved outside a sensor 3, a telescopic rod 2 is connected with a fixed shell 5 through a fixed interface of a telescopic rod 4, an ammonia nitrogen sensor and a nitrate nitrogen sensor are connected into an L iquiline CM442 transmitter (the model of the sensor is selected to be a digital sensor CAS40D), the transmitter 8 is fixed at a position convenient for reading, and the stability of the device is ensured through a sawtooth-shaped fixed shell, wherein the depth of the river water is 1.8m, the sensor 3 is placed under the telescopic rod 2 according to the height between the thickness of a sediment and the water surface until a bottom electrode probe is immersed into the sediment for 2-5CM, the cable arrangement length is correspondingly adjusted, a power supply is turned on, a measuring button is pressed, the denitrification rate measuring time is set to be 120min, the system automatically and respectively collects the concentration values of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen at 0-120min (1 time is set for every 10 min), specific test data are shown in a table 1, then, a denitrification rate model is integrated calculation analysis is carried out, the denitrification rate of the sediment is directly2.h。
TABLE 1 analysis of test results
DNR1＝(0.002765×2.42-0.001955×1.01)×0.008/0.04*60＝0.0565
DNR2＝(0.002841×2.38-0.002074×0.95)×0.008/0.04*60＝0.0575
DNR3＝(0.003151×2.36-0.002276×1.13)×0.008/0.04*60＝0.0583
Comparative example 1: method for measuring denitrification rate of sediments in natural river in Shanghai by acetylene inhibition method
Under the same environmental conditions, at the same test site, 2.5L overburden water and 1L sediment, respectively, were taken and transported back to the laboratory for testing, as determined by the acetylene inhibition method of the prior art.
In the acetylene and nitrogen mixed gas, the ratio of acetylene to nitrogen is 1: 9, during inflation, the gas flow is set to be 0.03MPa/min, a syringe with the volume of 100m L and a three-way valve is inserted into one end of the organic glass tube, the inflation process lasts for 20min, and when the inflation is finished, in order to keep the balance of the internal and external pressure of the organic glass tube, a 10m L syringe with a three-way valve is used for pumping the gas in the organic glass tube to be used as the initial N of culture2O gas concentration, and simultaneously rapidly closing the gas valve, when no gas flow exists at the needle of the injector, pulling out a 100m L injector inserted at one end of the plexiglass tube, culturing at room temperature for 120min, and extracting the gas in the tube by using a 10m L injector with a three-way valve as the cultured N2O-N concentration, using N before and after culture2O mass difference to calculate the denitrification rate (mg N/m) of the sediment per unit time and unit area2H) DNR 0.0482. + -. 0.0069mg/m2.h。
Comparative analysis of denitrification rate determination results of the two methods
As can be seen from comparative analysis of the results of the denitrification rate measurements of the above two methods, the deviation of the test results of the two methods is 6.9% to 30.2%, considering that acetylene inhibits the denitrification and also inhibits the nitrification in the acetylene inhibition method, resulting in that the test results of comparative example 1 are often lower than the actual values and have poor reproducibility (fluctuation 14.4%). The test results of the invention are totally higher than the acetylene inhibition method, the repeatability is better (the fluctuation is 3.2%), the results are shown in figures 5 and 6 (series 1, series 2 and series 3 in figures 5 and 6 respectively represent the 1 st determination, the 2 nd determination and the 3 rd determination), the determination time and the cost are saved, and the invention has obvious superiority.
The above embodiments of the present invention are not intended to limit the present invention. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (13)
1. A method for determining the denitrification rate of a sediment, the method comprising the steps of:
step (1): first, NH in the deposit is determined simultaneously4 +-N and NO3 -The ion concentration of-N is changed from 0min to t min, and then the nitrification rate constant K is respectively obtainedNH4 +And denitrification rate constant KNO3 -；
Step (2): according to NH4 +-N and NO3 --establishing a denitrification rate analysis model based on the relation between the ion concentration change of N and the denitrification rate; then measuring NH in the deposit4 +-N and NO3 --the ion concentration of N is brought into the denitrification rate analytical model, thereby enabling the determination of the denitrification rate; wherein, the denitrification rate analysis model is as follows:
wherein DNR is denitrification rate mg/m2·h；
ΦNO3 -Is NO at any time between 0min and t min3 --concentration of N mg/L;
ΦNH4 +at any time NH between 0min and t min4 +-concentration of N mg/L;
KNH4 +is the nitration rate constant min-1；
KNO3 -Is the denitrification rate constant min-1；
V is L of the volume of the system formed by the sediment and the water covered on the surface layer of the sediment by 10-15 cm;
a is the upper surface area m of the deposit2；
The sediment is bottom mud of ocean, estuary or river and lake;
the t is more than or equal to 90 min.
2. The assay method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the nitrification rate constant is set
The denitrification rate constant
Wherein [ NH ]4 +-N]0、[NH4 +-N]tNH at 0min and t min respectively4 +Concentration of-N, [ NO ]3 --N]0、[NO3 --N]tNO at 0min and t min, respectively3 --the concentration of N; wherein t is more than or equal to 90 min.
3. A sediment denitrification rate measuring apparatus, characterized in that the measuring apparatus employs the measuring method according to claim 1 or 2, and the measuring apparatus comprises: the device comprises a telescopic rod nut accessory (1), a telescopic rod (2), a sensor (3), a telescopic rod fixing interface (4), a fixing shell (5), a compressed air connecting port (6) for cleaning, a sensor cable (7) and a transmitter (8);
the telescopic rod nut accessories (1) are distributed on the telescopic rod (2); the telescopic rod (2) is connected with the fixed shell (5) through the telescopic rod fixed interface (4) connected with the lower end of the telescopic rod; the fixed shell (5) is connected with the sensor (3); the upper end of the sensor (3) is connected with the compressed air connecting port (6) for cleaning; the lower end of the sensor cable (7) is connected with the sensor (3), and the upper end of the sensor cable is connected with the transmitter (8).
4. The denitrification rate measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the telescopic rod nut fitting (1) is a screw with a hexagonal nut and is made of polytechnology flame-retardant PP.
5. The denitrification rate determining apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the sensor (3) includes an ion-selective electrode; the ion selective electrode is a nitric acid nitrogen ion selective electrode or an ammonia nitrogen ion selective electrode.
6. The denitrification rate determining apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the distance between the sensors (3) is 3-5 cm.
7. The denitrification rate measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the number of the telescopic rod nut fittings (1) is more than 2, the telescopic rod nut fittings are uniformly distributed on the telescopic rod (2), and the length of the telescopic rod (2) can be adjusted through the telescopic rod nut fittings (1).
8. The denitrification rate measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the telescopic rod (2) is marked with scales, and the adjustable range of the telescopic rod (2) is 0.5m-3 m.
9. The denitrification rate measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the bottom of the stationary housing (5) is serrated.
10. The denitrification rate measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the sensor cable (7) is a multi-interface cable, a lower portion is connected to the sensor (3), and an upper portion is connected to a terminal block in the transmitter (8).
11. The denitrification rate measuring device according to claim 3, wherein the transmitter (8) comprises a display and an operation unit, the operation unit comprises an internal circuit having an ammonia processing circuit, a nitrate processing circuit, and a P L C integrated output circuit, each having a leakage protector.
12. Use of a method according to claim 1 or 2 for determining the denitrification rate of a sediment.
13. Use of a denitrification rate determining apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 11 in determining the denitrification rate of a sediment.
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