CN109236464A - 一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法 - Google Patents

一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法 Download PDF

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CN109236464A
CN109236464A CN201811020756.7A CN201811020756A CN109236464A CN 109236464 A CN109236464 A CN 109236464A CN 201811020756 A CN201811020756 A CN 201811020756A CN 109236464 A CN109236464 A CN 109236464A
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fuel
compression
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gas
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张恒
芮志英
汪娟娟
李晓婉
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Anhui Tian Tian Heavy Industry Machinery Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
    • F02B69/04—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel for gaseous and non-gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/06—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different cycles, e.g. convertible from two-stroke to four stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2720/00—Engines with liquid fuel
    • F02B2720/22—Four stroke engines
    • F02B2720/226—Four stroke engines with measures for improving combustion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法，在不改变压缩比的条件下，通过可变气门正时来达到压燃不同燃料的目的，其不同燃料包含柴油、汽油和天然气。本发明提出的一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法将柴油、汽油和天然气在同一台圧缩着火发动机中均可被压燃，实现了一台发动机压缩着火多种燃料，且无需改变发动机结构和几何压缩比，机构简单，操作易行，具有较强的普遍适应性和现实意义。

Description

一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机技术领域，尤其涉及一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法。
背景技术
当今社会，人类对能源的开发和利用越来越丰富，各种类型的燃料都得到了广泛的应用。但是，由于燃料的理化性质不同，导致其点燃方式不同，使得一台发动机难以燃烧不同的燃料，因此迫切需要一种可以燃烧多种燃料的发动机工作方法。
柴油、汽油和天然气作为发动机的主要燃料，因为柴油燃点较低通常采用圧缩着火，汽油和天然气燃点较高采用火花塞点火，因此发动机从结构上就有很大的不同。如果将汽油和天然气压缩着火，需要相对柴油更高的压缩比，虽然可以采用可变压缩比技术，通过改变气缸容积来改变发动机的压缩比，但是结构复杂，可行性不高，且容易产生密封不完全等其他问题，在推广使用过程中存在有一定的局限性。如何设计一种在不改变发动机机体结构的前提下可以燃烧多种燃料的四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法是本发明所要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供一种在不改变发动机机体结构的前提下可以燃烧多种燃料的四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法。
本发明通过以下技术手段实现解决上述技术问题的：
一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法，在不改变压缩比的条件下，通过可变气门正时来达到压燃不同燃料的目的，其不同燃料包含柴油、汽油和天然气，具体方法为：当燃料为柴油时，延长进气和排气时间，即进气门、排气门的开启和关闭时刻分别提前和延迟一定的曲轴转角，进气门提前开启减少节流损失，进气门晚关利用气流惯性和压差多进气；排气门早开自由排气减少压缩负功，排气门迟关利用气流惯性多排气；当燃料为汽油时，令排气门在上止点前关闭，进气门在上止点后开启，形成负气门重叠角，大幅增加残余废气系数，提高混合气温度从而在压缩终了更易到达自燃点，压燃混合气；当燃料为天然气时，令排气门在上止点前关闭，进气门在上止点后开启，形成负气门重叠角，大幅增加残余废气系数，提高混合气温度从而在压缩终了更易到达自燃点，压燃混合气。
本发明的优点在于：本发明提出的一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法将柴油、汽油和天然气在同一台圧缩着火发动机中均可被压燃，实现了一台发动机压缩着火多种燃料，且无需改变发动机结构和几何压缩比，机构简单，操作易行，具有较强的普遍适应性和现实意义。
附图说明
图1为内燃机混合加热理想循环的p-v图。
图2为内燃机混合加热理想循环的T-s图。
图3为燃料为柴油时配气定时图。
图4为燃料为汽油时配气定时图。
图5为燃料为天然气时配气定时图。
图中：1-2为定熵压缩过程、2-3为定容加热过程、3-4为定压加热过程、4-5为定熵膨胀过程、5-1为定容放热过程、6为上止点、7为下止点、21为进气门开、22为排气、23为进气门关、24为排气门开、25为进气、26为排气门关、31为排气门关、32为排气、33为进气门关、34为排气门开、35为进气、36为进气门开、41为排气门关、42为排气、43为进气门关、44为排气门开、45为进气、46为进气门开。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法，在不改变压缩比的条件下，通过可变气门正时来达到压燃不同燃料的目的，其不同燃料包含柴油、汽油和天然气，具体方法为：当燃料为柴油时，延长进气和排气时间，即进气门、排气门的开启和关闭时刻分别提前和延迟一定的曲轴转角，进气门提前开启减少节流损失，进气门晚关利用气流惯性和压差多进气；排气门早开自由排气减少压缩负功，排气门迟关利用气流惯性多排气；当燃料为汽油时，令排气门在上止点前关闭，进气门在上止点后开启，形成负气门重叠角，大幅增加残余废气系数，提高混合气温度从而在压缩终了更易到达自燃点，压燃混合气；当燃料为天然气时，令排气门在上止点前关闭，进气门在上止点后开启，形成负气门重叠角，大幅增加残余废气系数，提高混合气温度从而在压缩终了更易到达自燃点，压燃混合气。
该方法中，发动机的气缸和燃烧室容积无需改变，根据活塞式内燃机混合加热理想循环，其p-v图和T-s图如图1、图2所示，循环构成如下：1-2为定熵压缩过程；2-3为定容加热过程；3-4为定压加热过程；4-5为定熵膨胀过程；5-1为定容放热过程。
令该发动机循环过程中：
p1＝0.17MPa、t1＝60℃、压缩比ε＝35；
假设工质为空气，比热容为定值并取cp＝1004J/(kg·K)，cv＝718J/(kg·K)，κ＝1.4；
由已知条件：p1＝0.17MPa、T1＝333.15K
点1：
点2：
1-2是定熵过程，有
柴油、汽油和天然气中燃点最高的是天然气，约为700℃，即973K。通常情况下，当环境温度超过自燃点温度400度左右燃烧才能发生，也就意味着温度需达到973+400＝1373K；在压缩终了2点，缸内温度T2超过了天然气能够自燃的温度1373K，天然气可以被压燃，所以在该发动机压缩比下柴油汽油天然气都可以被圧缩着火。
在压缩比满足压燃条件的同时，利用可变气门正时技术，如图3至图5、表1至表3所示的一种方案，燃料为柴油时采用延长进排气时间的方法，即气门的开启和关闭时刻分别提前和延迟一定的曲轴转角，进气门提前开启减少节流损失，进气门晚关利用气流惯性和压差多进气；排气门早开自由排气减少压缩负功，排气门迟关利用气流惯性多排气；燃料为汽油和天然气时，排气门仍在下止点前打开，但令在上止点前关闭，进气门仍在下止点后关闭，但在上止点后开启，形成负气门重叠角，大幅增加残余废气系数，提高混合气温度从而在压缩终了更易到达自燃点，压燃混合气。
下列表1至表3提供一种
表1：柴油燃料配气定时
表2：汽油燃料配气定时
表3：天然气燃料配气定时
本发明适用于需要燃烧不同种类燃料的发动机，可以根据自身的需求使用不同类型的燃料(包含柴油、汽油和天然气)，更换燃料后无需改变发动机的机体结构，只需要改变气门正时，不同的燃料对应不同的进排气门开启关闭时刻，操作简单易行，极大地简化了多燃料发动机的结构，避免了发动机对于单一燃料的依赖性，大大提高了发动机的普遍适应性，在燃料发展丰富多元的现在，具有较强的现实意义。
需要说明的是，在本文中，如若存在第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (1)

1.一种四冲程多燃料压缩着火发动机的工作方法，其特征在于：在不改变压缩比的条件下，通过可变气门正时来达到压燃不同燃料的目的，其不同燃料包含柴油、汽油和天然气，具体方法为：当燃料为柴油时，延长进气和排气时间，即进气门、排气门的开启和关闭时刻分别提前和延迟一定的曲轴转角，进气门提前开启减少节流损失，进气门晚关利用气流惯性和压差多进气；排气门早开自由排气减少压缩负功，排气门迟关利用气流惯性多排气；当燃料为汽油时，令排气门在上止点前关闭，进气门在上止点后开启，形成负气门重叠角，大幅增加残余废气系数，提高混合气温度从而在压缩终了更易到达自燃点，压燃混合气；当燃料为天然气时，令排气门在上止点前关闭，进气门在上止点后开启，形成负气门重叠角，大幅增加残余废气系数，提高混合气温度从而在压缩终了更易到达自燃点，压燃混合气。
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