CN109236282B - 注入液优势波及方向和长度的测量方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种注入液优势波及方向和长度的测量方法,其步骤:(1)确定注入井、电流返回井的位置;(2)采用环形布置多环测点的方式,布置多个地面测点;(3)布设测点到接收机的信号传输线;(4)通过注入井和电流返回井,向地层供电并记录回路电流,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DQ;(5)注入井注液施工;(6)注液施工中或结束后,向地层供电并记录回路电流,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DH;(7)计算各测点衰减度异常DS;(8)计算注入液波及带长度C;(9)绘制衰减度成果图。本发明可以解决在正常施工(不加高盐物质)的条件下,完成对注入液优势波及方向和长度的测量,即应用激电二次场的衰减特性参数描述注入液优势波及方向和长度的技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电法勘探技术领域,尤其涉及激电二次场的测量方法和相应的激电二次衰减特性的应用技术。
背景技术
大港油田研究院从80年代初就开展了“电位法井间监测技术”的研究工作。该方法是利用被测井和周围另外一口井套管作为发射电极,地面布置测量电极,测量施工过程中一次场的电位变化来解释推断油井压裂裂缝方位及长度、注水井注水推进方向和波及前沿、调剖效果评价、蒸汽驱蒸汽扩散方向和波及范围等参数。该方法要求在压裂液中加入3%-5%Kcl或Nacl,对地层或井筒会造成伤害。
中国地质大学(武汉)师学明教授对井地电位异常进行了大量的数值模拟计算,这些都是基于充电法原理,在工作液中加入3%-5%Kcl或Nacl进行的。
现有技术均要求在注入的液体中,加入高盐物质,如Kcl或Nacl,人为改变与周围地层的电阻率差异,通过测量一次场电位差来解释推断注入液扩散范围等参数,但注入的高盐物质会对地层或井筒造成伤害(盐敏、卡管柱等隐患),该技术受到了很大限制;
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种注入液优势波及方向和长度的测量方法,以解决在正常施工(不加高盐物质)的条件下,完成对注入液优势波及方向和长度的测量,即应用激电二次场的衰减特性参数描述注入液优势波及方向和长度的技术问题。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明所采用的技术方案步骤如下:
(1)确定注入井1的位置,注入井1的发射电极是钻井套管;
(2)确定电流返回井2的位置,电流返回井2的发射电极是钻井套管或固定长度的金属导线;
(3)采用环形布置多环测点的方式,布置M、N、P等多个地面测点;
(4)布设测点到接收机的信号传输线;
(5)通过注入井1和电流返回井2,向地层供电并记录回路电流I,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DQ;
DQ—注液施工前衰减度初始值;
(6)注入井1注液施工,即注水井注入设计用量的液体、油井压裂泵入设计用量的压裂液;
(7)注液施工中或结束后,向地层供电并记录回路电流I,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DH;
DH—注液施工后衰减度;
(8)计算各测点衰减度异常DS,即:
DS=DH-DQ
DS—衰减度异常;
DH—注液施工后衰减度;
DQ—注液施工前衰减度;
(9)计算注入液波及带长度C,即:
C—注入液波及带长度(m);
I—回路供电电流(A);
ρ—注入液波及带上覆地层的电阻率(Ω.m);
rN—注入井到测点N的距离(m);
rM—注入井到测点M的距离(m);
(10)绘制衰减度成果图:
数据处理后,给出了衰减度异常DS直角坐标曲线图和环形图;在衰减度异常DS曲线图中横坐标表示测点的方位角,纵坐标表示衰减度异常DS;在衰减度异常DS环形图中,圆点为注入井,矢径表示衰减度异常DS,环外标出测试点方位角,正北方向(N)为0°并顺时针旋转,90°为正东(E)方向、180°为正南(S)方向、270°为正西(W)方向。
本发明的优点及积极效果:
注入液优势波及方向和长度测量方法,在方法理论研究的基础上,进行了大量的数值计算和现场试验工作,到目前为止,现场测试16井次,注水井优势波及方向和长度测试5井次、压裂井压裂裂缝方向及裂缝长度测试11井次,该方法测量成果与生产动态的符合率达到93.8%。
与现有的电位(一次)测量方法相比,具有测量精度高、适应范围广等特点,特别是在注入液施工中不需要加入任何高盐物质,消除了对地层造成的各种伤害。
附图说明
图1是本发明的测量原理示意图。
图2是本发明的地层中岩石颗粒和周围溶液界面的双电层放电示意图。
图中编号:
1、注入井;2、电流返回井;3、激电接收机,测量激电二次电位差信号的测量仪;4、发射机,向地下供电的动力源;5、为地面上的M测量点;6、为地面上的N测量点;7、为地面上的P测量点;8、双电层放电区域,9、是注入井右侧裂缝形状示意形状C1;10、是注入井左侧裂缝形状示意形状C2;11、是注入液波及带上覆地层的电阻率ρ;12、是回路电流强度I;13、是放电电流密度j。
具体实施方式
本发明通过测量储层岩石颗粒和周围溶液界面的双电层因施工注入液体产生的形变,在断电后所产生的激电二次电位差,来达到解释推断注入液优势波及方向和长度的目的。
测试原理:地层中岩石颗粒表面的双电层,无激励时处于一个平衡状态;加外电流激励时,岩石颗粒表面双电层分散区中的阳离子发生移动,导致双电层形变;当外电流断电,堆积的离子产生放电过程,以恢复到平衡状态,从而观测到激发极化二次场电位差。
作业过程中,如注水井注水、油井压裂施工等,都要向地层注入大量的液体,这部分液体中的离子将会改变岩石颗粒和周围溶液界面双电层的平衡状态。因此,在注入井周围布置多个测点,采用高精度的激电接收机在注液施工前后,分别测量停止向地层供电后的激电二次场电位差,就可达到解释推断注入液优势波及方向和长度的目的。
参见图1、2所示,本发明的一种注入液优势波及方向和长度的测量方法步骤如下:
(1)确定注入井1的位置,注入井1的发射电极可以是钻井套管;
(2)确定电流返回井2的位置,电流返回井2的发射电极可以是钻井套管或固定长度的金属导线;
(3)布置M、N、P等多个地面测点,最好采用环形布置多环测点;
(4)布设测点到接收机的信号传输线;
(5)通过注入井1和电流返回井2,向地层供电并记录回路电流I,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DQ;
DQ—注液施工前衰减度初始值;
(6)注入井1注液施工,即注水井注入设计用量的液体、油井压裂泵入设计用量的压裂液;
(7)注液施工中或结束后,向地层供电并记录回路电流I,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DH;
DH—注液施工后衰减度;
(8)计算各测点衰减度异常DS,即:
DS=DH-DQ
DS—衰减度异常;
DH—注液施工后衰减度;
DQ—注液施工前衰减度。
(9)计算注入液波及带长度C,即:
C—注入液波及带长度(m);
I—回路供电电流(A);
ρ—注入液波及带上覆地层的电阻率(Ω.m);
rN—注入井到测点N的距离(m);
rM—注入井到测点M的距离(m)。
(10)绘制衰减度成果图:
数据处理后,给出了衰减度异常DS直角坐标曲线图和环形图。在衰减度异常DS曲线图中横坐标表示测点的方位角,纵坐标表示衰减度异常DS;在衰减度异常DS环形图中,圆点为注入井,矢径表示衰减度异常DS,环外标出测试点方位角,正北方向(N)为0°并顺时针旋转,90°为正东(E)方向、180°为正南(S)方向、270°为正西(W)方向。
本发明的适用条件:
(1)在所要测量的“目的层”至地面,没有低阻覆盖层;
(2)适应于泥砂岩地层。
Claims (1)
1.注入液优势波及方向和长度的测量方法,其步骤如下:
(1)确定注入井(1)的位置,注入井(1)的发射电极是钻井套管;
(2)确定电流返回井(2)的位置,电流返回井(2)的发射电极是钻井套管或固定长度的金属导线;
(3)采用环形布置多环测点的方式,布置M、N、P三个地面测点;
(4)布设测点到接收机的信号传输线;
(5)通过注入井(1)和电流返回井(2),向地层供电并记录回路电流I,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DQ;
DQ—注液施工前衰减度初始值;
(6)注入井(1)注液施工,即注水井注入设计用量的液体、油井压裂泵入设计用量的压裂液;
(7)注液施工中或结束后,向地层供电并记录回路电流I,断电后测量各测点激电二次场电位差值,并计算衰减度DH;
DH—注液施工后衰减度;
(8)计算各测点衰减度异常DS,即:
DS=DH-DQ
DS—衰减度异常;
DH—注液施工后衰减度;
DQ—注液施工前衰减度;
(9)计算注入液波及带长度C,即:
C—注入液波及带长度(m);
I—回路供电电流(A);
ρ—注入液波及带上覆地层的电阻率(Ω.m);
rN—注入井到测点N的距离(m);
rM—注入井到测点M的距离(m);
(10)绘制衰减度成果图:
数据处理后,给出了衰减度异常DS直角坐标曲线图和环形图;在衰减度异常DS曲线图中横坐标表示测点的方位角,纵坐标表示衰减度异常DS;在衰减度异常DS环形图中,圆点为注入井,矢径表示衰减度异常DS,环外标出测试点方位角,正北方向(N)为0°并顺时针旋转,90°为正东(E)方向、180°为正南(S)方向、270°为正西(W)方向。
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