Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calcium carbonate spacer fluid for cementing a gas layer with high porosity and easy oil leakage, which can improve the leakage prevention and stoppage effect in the well cementation process, can perform acid dissolution and blockage and recover the oil gas production energy.
Therefore, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a calcium carbonate spacer fluid for cementing a large-porosity oil-leakage-prone gas layer comprises, by weight, 100 parts of clear water, 2.4-2.8 parts of a flushing agent, 0.13-0.21 part of a diluent, 1.1-5.6 parts of a suspension stabilizer, 0.24-3.36 parts of a drag reducer, 18-205 parts of a calcium carbonate weighting agent and 0.05-0.12 part of a defoaming agent; the calcium carbonate weighting agent comprises, by mass, 6-10% of light calcium carbonate with a particle size of 80-120 meshes, 10-15% of light calcium carbonate with a particle size of 120-160 meshes and 75-84% of light calcium carbonate with a particle size of 160-200 meshes.
The calcium carbonate spacer fluid adopts light calcium carbonate compounds with different particle sizes and parts to replace the currently common inert barite or other insoluble weighting agent materials to prepare the well cementation spacer fluid with the same weighting density. Wherein, 80-120 meshes of large-particle-size calcium carbonate is stacked and bridged in the gap leakage channel, 120-160 meshes of medium-particle-size calcium carbonate are used for plugging the gap after bridging of the large-particle-size calcium carbonate, and 160-160 meshes of fine calcium carbonate are used for filling the fine gap to realize plugging of the oil-gas layer crack leakage channel. The calcium carbonate compound has the other advantage that calcium carbonate particles in the plugging oil gas reservoir are removed by an acidification production increasing measure after completion of the well, so that the through of the thick channel of the oil gas pore is realized, and the oil gas productivity is recovered. Specifically, the chemical equation of the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid is as follows:
CaCO3+2HCL=CaCL2+CO2↑+H2O
according to the chemical reaction formula of the calcium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid, the calcium carbonate and the hydrochloric acid react to generate flowable electrolytic water, carbon dioxide and calcium chloride capable of being dissolved by water, the calcium chloride is dissolved into an acidizing solution and is discharged out of a formation pore leakage channel along with formation fluid, an oil gas leakage layer channel is recovered, and oil gas productivity is recovered.
The flushing agent is a fatty acid glyceride flushing agent, and specifically can be a fatty acid glyceride flushing agent which is produced by engineering science and technology Limited company of oil in Tianjin and Bohai star and has the model of BCS-010L. The flushing agent has a strong penetrating effect, quickly penetrates into a mud cake of a well wall, emulsifies the mud cake of a non-compact layer of the well wall, disperses and peels off the mud cake from the well wall, and improves the joint capacity of cement paste and a contact interface.
Preferably, the diluent is a compound of sodium lignosulfonate and fatty glyceride, and specifically, the diluent is produced by engineering science and technology limited of oil in Tianjin and Bohai star, and is of a model number of BCS-021L. The diluent is added into the spacer fluid to form a layer of solvated monomolecular film on the surfaces of weighting agent particles, namely calcium carbonate particles, so that the coagulation effect among the weighting agent particles is weakened, the frictional resistance of the particles is reduced, the particles are dispersed, the viscosity of the prepared spacer fluid is reduced, the fluidity is improved, the wettability of the surface of the sleeve is changed, and the displacement efficiency is improved.
Preferably, the suspension stabilizer is a mixture of sodium bentonite and modified starch, and specifically, a suspension stabilizer with the model of BCS-040S produced by oil in Tianjin Bohai star engineering and technology Limited can be adopted. The non-ionic nature of the suspension stabilizer makes it a unique gel thickener when containing high concentration dielectric solution, which acts as a viscosity increasing and suspension weighting function, and also suspends solid phase particles washed from the well wall and casing surface, so that the insulating liquid system has proper shear force to maintain its stability.
Preferably, the drag reducer is a sulfonated aldehyde ketone condensate drag reducer, and particularly, the sulfonated aldehyde ketone condensate drag reducer with the model number of CF40S, which is produced by oil in Tianjin and Bohai star engineering and science and technology Limited, can be adopted. The drag reducer is used for destroying or inhibiting particle aggregation, so that a solid phase in the isolation liquid is dispersed and suspended in a water phase, and the aim of improving the fluidity of the isolation liquid is fulfilled.
Preferably, the defoaming agent is a tributyl phosphate defoaming agent, and specifically, a tributyl phosphate defoaming agent with the model number of G-603, which is produced by engineering technologies of Bohai star in Tianjin, can be adopted. The defoaming agent is adsorbed on the foam surface in the isolating liquid slurry body, so that the surface tension of the foam is reduced, the medium with the peripheral surface tension not affected is strongly pulled and extended to the periphery, and finally, the foam is broken, so that the isolating liquid can detect the real liquid level height and density, the performance design requirement of the isolating liquid is met, and the construction operation safety is ensured.
The density range of the calcium carbonate spacer fluid for cementing a large-porosity oil-leakage-prone gas layer is 1.10-1.70 g/cm3。
Compared with the prior art, the calcium carbonate spacer fluid for the large-porosity easy-oil-leakage gas reservoir well cementation has good plugging capability and acid solubility of an oil gas leakage layer, and a plugged oil gas reservoir leakage channel can be unblocked through an acidification yield increase measure, so that the oil gas capacity is recovered; the calcium carbonate weighting isolation liquid has good fluidity and a washing effect of large particle size on the well wall mud cake, can improve the cleanliness of an interface and improve the joint strength of a cement interface. Meanwhile, the method has wide density application range and good suspension stability; in addition, the preparation process flow of the isolation liquid is simple, and the practicability and safety are high.
examples
|
80-120 mesh
|
120 to 160 mesh
|
160 to 200 mesh
|
Example 1
|
1.08
|
1.80
|
15.12
|
Example 2
|
2.28
|
3.80
|
31.92
|
Example 3
|
4.72
|
7.08
|
47.20
|
Example 4
|
7.04
|
10.56
|
70.40
|
Example 5
|
10.62
|
15.34
|
92.04
|
Example 6
|
15.50
|
23.25
|
116.25
|
Example 7
|
20.50
|
30.75
|
153.75 |
The preparation method of the isolation liquid is simple, and the corresponding isolation liquid products I-VII are obtained by weighing the components in the table 1-1 and the table 1-2, mixing and uniformly stirring.
The spacer fluid products I to VII prepared in examples 1 to 7 were subjected to a precipitation stability test. Detailed experimentsThe method comprises the following steps: the materials of each example are respectively amplified by 5 times, 4 powders are weighed, and are mixed and stirred according to the following procedures to prepare experimental slurry of the spacer fluid of different examples: after a corrugated stirrer is started, sequentially adding weighed clean water, a diluent, a drag reducer, a flushing agent and a defoaming agent, stirring uniformly, adding a suspension stabilizer, fully stirring and hydrating for 2 hours, adding calcium carbonate powder with corresponding embodiment amount to prepare corresponding isolation liquid slurry, filling 2 parts of the prepared slurry of the isolation liquid of each embodiment into a glass measuring cylinder, sealing the mouth of the glass measuring cylinder by a rubber plug to prevent water evaporation, and respectively measuring the slurry density of the upper layer and the lower layer of each measuring cylinder after standing for 4 hours and 8 hours at room temperature; in addition, 2 parts of the slurry are respectively put into a normal pressure thickening instrument with the temperature of 55 ℃ and 90 ℃ to be stirred for 20 minutes, the slurry is kept at constant temperature for 4 hours, the density of the slurry at the upper layer and the lower layer is respectively measured, and the difference between the upper density and the lower density is less than 0.05g/cm3The slurry sedimentation stability is better (refer to the oil and gas standard SY/T6544-2010 of the people's republic of China). The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
Table 2: experimental results on precipitation stability of the spacer fluid
As can be seen from table 2, the spacer fluid products prepared in examples 1 to 7 have almost no difference in density between the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid, and after standing at room temperature, 55 ℃ and 90 ℃ for 4 hours, the densities of both the upper layer liquid and the lower layer liquid are almost unchanged, and thus, the spacer fluid products have good sedimentation stability.
Further, the spacers of examples 1 to 7 were subjected to a compatibility test of the spacer and slurry and a compatibility test of the spacer and cement slurry.
The mud in the compatibility test of the spacer fluid and the mud is taken from the drilling mud of a Venezuela MPE3 oilfield drilling field, and is a mixed oil water-based drilling fluid. The drilling mud formulation is 0.3% caustic soda flake + 1.1% potassium acetate + 0.8% ammonium salt + 1.2% PAC-LV + 1.3% starch + 0.8% xanthan gum + 12% fine mesh calcium + 10% light crude oil + 0.7% lubricant. The conventional properties of the drilling mud are as follows: density 1.09g/cm3Viscosity 48, API water loss 5mL, pH 9.5, sand content 0.7%. Rheological properties are shown in the compatibility data sheet
In the compatibility test of the spacer fluid and the cement paste, the formula of the cement paste is as follows: b-grade oil well cement, 15% of silicon powder, 5% of BXE-600S lightening admixture, 3.2% of G60S powdery fluid loss additive, 1.5% of Bentonita, 0.2% of BXR-200L of medium-temperature retarder, 0.1% of G-603 defoaming agent and 1.8% of BXF-200L of liquid fluid loss additive.
The cement paste performance under the condition that the temperature rise rate is 2 ℃/min and the test temperature is 50 ℃ is as follows: density 1.70g/cm3Loss of 48mL, free water 0%, thickening time 305 min.
The specific compatibility test method comprises the following steps: acquiring a Venezuela MPE3 oilfield drilling field slurry sample, preparing an isolation liquid in a formula room according to each embodiment, referring to the oil and gas standard SY/T6544-2010 of the people's republic of China and the related test standard of PDVSA Venezuela oil company, and carrying out compatibility experiment of the drilling slurry and the isolation liquid mixed slurry of different embodiments according to different mixing ratios. The mixed slurry is stirred in a corrugated stirrer for 20min to obtain the rheological property of the mixed slurry, and the plastic viscosity value of the mixed slurry is less than or equal to that of a single slurry in the spacer fluid or the drilling mud, so that the two slurries have good compatibility.
And (3) making a compatibility experiment of the mixed slurry of the isolation liquid and the cement slurry by referring to related test standards of oil and gas standards SY/T6544-2010 and SY/T6544-2017 of the people's republic of China and PDVSA Venezuela oil company. According to the formula of the isolation fluid and the formula of the construction cement slurry in each embodiment, the isolation fluid slurry and the cement slurry are respectively prepared indoors, the isolation fluid slurry and the cement slurry are respectively and uniformly mixed in a corrugated stirrer according to different mixing ratios of the isolation fluid and the cement slurry, then the corrugated stirrer is placed into a 50 ℃ normal pressure thickening instrument to be stirred for 20min, a rheological property test is carried out, the mixed slurry with the highest plastic viscosity PV value is taken, a thickening test with the heating rate of 2 ℃/min and the test temperature of 50 ℃ is carried out, the thickening time of the mixed slurry is compared with the thickening time of pure water slurry, the thickening time of the mixed slurry is not obviously shortened, and.
The results are shown in tables 3 to 16.
Table 3: compatibility of the spacer fluid with the mud of example 1Experimental data sheet (density of isolation liquid 1.10 g/cm)3)
Table 4: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation liquid and cement paste of example 1 (isolation liquid density 1.10 g/cm)3)
Table 5: data sheet for compatibility test of isolation liquid and slurry of example 2 (isolation liquid density 1.20 g/cm)3)
Table 6: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation liquid and cement paste of example 2 (isolation liquid density 1.20 g/cm)3)
Table 7: data sheet for compatibility test between isolation fluid and slurry of example 3 (isolation fluid density 1.30 g/cm)3)
Table 8: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation liquid and cement paste of example 3 (isolation liquid density 1.30 g/cm)3)
Table 9: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation liquid and cement paste of example 4 (isolation liquid density 1.40 g/cm)3)
Table 10: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation liquid and cement paste of example 4 (isolation liquid density 1.40 g/cm)3)
Table 11: data sheet for compatibility test between isolation fluid and slurry of example 5 (isolation fluid density 1.50 g/cm)3)
Table 12: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation liquid and cement paste of example 5 (isolation liquid density 1.50 g/cm)3)
Table 13: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation fluid and cement paste of example 6 (isolation fluid density 1.60 g/cm)3)
Table 14: data sheet for compatibility experiment of isolation fluid and cement paste of example 6 (isolation fluid density 1.60 g/cm)3)
Table 15: table of data for compatibility experiment of isolation fluid and cement paste of example 7 (isolation fluid density 1.70 g/cm)3)
Table 16: table of data for compatibility experiment of isolation fluid and cement paste of example 7 (isolation fluid density 1.70 g/cm)3)
From the analysis of the compatibility tests of the spacer fluids and the drilling mud in tables 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15, the plastic viscosity values of the mixed fluids of the spacer fluids prepared in examples 1 to 7 and the drilling mud in different proportions are all lower than the plastic viscosity values of the pure spacer fluids or the pure drilling mud. Thus, the spacer fluid product is identified as having good compatibility with the drilling mud.
From the above analysis of the compatibility tests between the spacer fluids and cement slurries in tables 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16, the spacer fluid products prepared in examples 1-7 all had a longer thickening time than the pure cement slurry for the highest plastic viscosity values of the mixed fluids at different ratios to the cement slurry. Thus, the spacer fluid product was determined to have good compatibility with the cement slurry.
In addition, the cleaning ability of the spacer fluid products prepared in examples 1 to 7 was examined.
The specific detection method of the cleaning capacity comprises the following steps: respectively preparing calcium carbonate isolation liquid and 325-mesh-fineness barite isolation liquid of different embodiments indoors, and respectively filling the calcium carbonate isolation liquid and the 325-mesh-fineness barite isolation liquid into two rotational viscometer slurry cups for later use; taking drilling fluid with the drilling site density of 1.35g/cm3 in a certain oil field block, dehydrating according to API standard, and weighing a filter paper mud cake film; at the same time, another piece of filter paper is soaked in the cement paste filtrate, and the filtrate on the surface of the filter paper is thrown off and weighed. Fixing a filter paper mud cake film on an outer rotary cylinder of a rotary viscometer with the mud cake surface facing outwards, respectively moving a weighted isolation liquid slurry cup filled with calcium carbonate powder and barite powder upwards to completely soak the mud cake film in the isolation liquid, simulating the upward return speed of the isolation liquid in the annular space between a sleeve and a borehole (the diameter phi of the outer rotary cylinder of the rotary viscometer is 41mm, the rotating speed of 300 revolutions per minute is 300 revolutions per minute, the linear speed of the mud cake is 0.65m/s), taking out and weighing after rotating for 7 minutes, recording and comparing net weight values of the mud cake after being washed by two types of isolation liquid, wherein the smaller the net weight value is, the better the washing effect of the mud cake is.
Table 17: comparison table of scouring effect of spacer fluid prepared from different weighting materials on mud cakes
From the table 17, it can be seen that, under the condition of the same rotation speed, the calcium carbonate powder with large particle size aggravates the spacer fluid, the washing rate of the mud cake is 4.53-5.68% higher than that of the high-fineness barite spacer fluid, the good washing effect on the wall-of-well virtual mud cake is achieved, the interface condition can be improved, and the cement interface cementation quality is improved. The test is carried out when the mud cake film rotates and the isolation liquid in the slurry cup is in a static state, which is equivalent to the flushing effect of the isolation liquid on the mud cake of the well wall in the well bore annular laminar flow state. The actual well cementation operation state is opposite to the indoor simulation test, the well wall mud cake is in a static state, and the isolation fluid is in a flowing state. And the well cementation design is usually that the spacer fluid is in the turbulent flow state in the annular space, the large-grained calcium carbonate particles are in irregular Brownian motion in the annular space, produce the impact action similar to the sandblast to the wall of a well, therefore the washing away cleaning performance to the wall of a well mud cake is higher than the experiment of indoor simulation laminar flow far away, make the wall of a well virtual mud cake layer, compressible mud cake layer break away from the wall of a well and carry out the well, the wall of a well only persists the closely knit layer and the fine and close mud cake of high tenacity, realize cement interface high strength, high quality cementation.