CN109231462A - Improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification and dephosphorization method and device - Google Patents
Improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification and dephosphorization method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification and dephosphorization method and devices.The device is mainly made of denitrification dephosphorization sludge system and nitrifying sludge system.Denitrification dephosphorization sludge system gathering denitrifying polyP bacteria is completed the synchronous removal of nitrogen phosphorus, is made of anaerobic pond, anoxic pond, in short-term postposition aeration tank and the first sedimentation basin.Nitrifying sludge system completes the nitration reaction of ammonia nitrogen, is made of biological contact oxidation pond and the second sedimentation basin.The major function of postposition aeration tank is to realize activation and the nitrogen stripping of denitrification dephosphorization sludge in short-term.Biological contact oxidation pond is provided with composite filling, is conducive to the apposition growth of nitrobacteria.There are respective sludge recirculation system in two functional areas, solve sludge age contradiction between denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrobacteria, and carbon source can all denitrification dephosphorization system utilizations in sewage.The present invention has the advantages that save carbon source and aeration quantity, sludge yield are low etc., the long-term continuous operation suitable for sanitary sewage disposal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification and dephosphorization method and devices, belong to
Technical field of biological sewage treatment.
Background technique
With the rapid development of society, the energy crisis in global range and environmental pollution is getting worse.Wherein, water
Eutrophication problem caused by the nutrients such as excess nitrogen phosphorus causes extensive attention in body.Therefore, efficient, low energy consumption is developed
Sewage deep denitrification dephosphorization technique has become the important content of water pollution control.
The ratio (C/N) of carbon source and nitrogen source content is relatively low in China's municipal wastewater, tends not to meet the synchronization of nitrogen P elements
The demand of removal.PolyP bacteria and nitrobacteria are in same sludge system in traditional activated sludge sewage disposal process, and two
There are sludge age contradictions by person, while competing the carbon source in sewage, cause denitrogenation dephosphorizing inefficient.And it adds carbon source or changes work
Skill parameter is alleviated polyP bacteria and nitrobacteria and is competed carbon source, these methods can all increase the energy consumption of technique.Denitrification synchronizes de-
The it is proposed of nitrogen dephosphorization theory proposes new thinking and direction to sewage deep denitrogenation dephosphorizing.Denitrification dephosphorization is i.e. in anoxia condition
Lower Denitrifying Phosphate Accumulating Organisms using nitrate as anaerobic condition in electron acceptor oxygenolysis body under the PHA that stores complete excessive phosphorus of inhaling
The synchronous removal of nitrogen phosphorus is realized in reaction.Relative to traditional active sludge denitrification dephosphorization technique, it is based on denitrification synchronous denitrification dephosphorizing
Sewage treatment process can save 50% carbon source, 30% aeration energy consumption and 50% sludge yield, be suitble to the low C/N in China than municipal administration
The processing of sewage.
Biological contact oxidation process is also known as biofilm, and filler is added in aeration tank, is one for attached growth of microorganisms
Kind is suitable for generation cycle longer nitrification between activated sludge process and the biological treatment of biofilter between the two, this method
The culture of class bacterium.Widely used composite filling currently on the market can be used in nitrification tank filler: composite filling is filled out soft
Material is with the advantages of made of development on the basis of semi soft packing, it has the two concurrently: its structure is to be changed to plastic disks clinching
The big plastic hoop of double-round, hydroformylation fiber or dacron thread are pressed on the ring of ring, fibre bundle is uniformly distributed;Inner ring is flakes modeling
Expect branch, biofilm and can effectively cut bubble, improve the transfer rate and utilization rate of oxygen, fill aqueous vapor biomembrane
Divide exchange, the organic matter in water is made to obtain efficient process.
Although traditional denitrifying phosphorus removal technique realizes the separation of polyP bacteria and nitrobacteria using double sludge systems,
Solves contradiction between the two, but it has the disadvantage that the method for operation belongs to rear-mounted denitrification dephosphorization, a part of ammonia nitrogen
Fail to nitrify direct emission completely, causes water outlet ammonia nitrogen concentration exceeded;Carbon source is also partially consumed in intermediate aerobic stage, cannot
Subsequent Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal is supplied completely;Denitrification dephosphorization sludge is constantly in anaerobic/anoxic alternate environment, and it is living to lack sludge
Change process, long-play easily cause its activity decline;Although batch-type (SBR) double sludge systems can solve the above deficiency,
But its sewage load and operational efficiency are lower, can not achieve continuous operation;Nitrification uses activated sludge process, is unfavorable for
The growth of nitrobacteria, nitrification efficiency is lower, and sludge yield is high.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention is directed to the characteristic of the low C/N of current China's municipal wastewater, and existing activated sludge process denitrogenation removes
The problems such as phosphorus low efficiency, energy consumption are higher and existing double sludge denitrification dephosphorization process water outlet ammonia nitrogen is excessively high, proposes one kind and changes
Into continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification and dephosphorization method and device.
Technical solution:
A kind of improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification dephosphorization apparatus, comprising: sequentially connected raw water
Water tank, anaerobic pond, anoxic pond, in short-term postposition aeration tank, the first sedimentation basin, biological contact oxidation pond, the second sedimentation basin and water outlet
Water tank;Wherein the sludge outlet of the first sedimentation basin is connect with anaerobic pond, the sludge outlet and bio-contact oxidation of the second sedimentation basin
Pond connection, water tank is connect by return pipe with anoxic pond out.
Agitating device is equipped in the anaerobic pond and anoxic pond;The aeration tank of postposition in short-term and bio-contact oxidation
Aerator is equipped in pond.
The improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrogenation dephosphorizing is utilized the present invention also provides a kind of
The method of device progress sewage treatment, comprising:
(1) sewage in raw water water tank and the returned sludge from the first sedimentation basin enter anaerobic pond processing;
(2) anaerobic pond treated mixed liquor and the recirculation water from water tank out enter anoxic pond processing;
(3) anoxic pond after treatment, mixed liquor, which enters postposition aeration tank in short-term, to carry out at sludge activation and nitrogen stripping
Reason;
(4) postposition aeration tank after treatment, mixed liquor enter the first sedimentation basin and carry out mud-water separation, sludge reflux in short-term
To anaerobic pond, supernatant enters biological contact oxidation pond and carries out nitration reaction;
(5) after nitration reaction, mixed liquor enters the second sedimentation basin and carries out mud-water separation, sludge reflux to biological
Oxidation pond, supernatant enter water tank, and a part of water discharge of water tank, another part water are back to anoxic pond out.
Wherein, in step (1), for the sludge reflux of the first sedimentation basin to anaerobic pond, return sludge ratio is 100%~300%,
Sludge sludge age is maintained at 15~20d;Mean sludge concentration in anaerobic pond is 4000~6000mg/L, and hydraulic detention time is
2.0~3.5h.In returned sludge under the action of microorganism, hydrolysis, acidification occur for the larger molecular organics in anaerobic fixed film reactor
Reaction.Organic nitrogen is hydrolyzed into ammonia nitrogen, the small organic molecule (mainly volatile fatty acid, VFA) in sewage is absorbed, by its turn
It turns to poly (hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) and is stored in into the cell, while releasing phosphorus.When suitable sludge concentration and hydraulic retention
Between be conducive to anaerobic hydrolysis reaction progress.
In step (2), mean sludge concentration in anoxic pond is 4000~5500mg/L, hydraulic detention time is 3.0~
4.5h.Suitable denitrification dephosphorization sludge concentration and hydraulic detention time be conducive to denitrification synchronous denitrification dephosphorizing reaction into
Row.In anoxic pond, Denitrifying Phosphate Accumulating Organisms hydrolyze PHAs intracellular as the energy, with the nitric acid generated in biological contact oxidation pond
Salt (part nitrite) is electron acceptor, and PHAs releases energy in oxysome, the phosphorus in excessive consumption solution, realizes nitrogen phosphorus
Synchronous removal.
In step (3), the dissolved oxygen DO in postposition aeration tank is 1.5~2.5mg/L, hydraulic detention time 0.2 in short-term
~0.5h.Suitable aeration time and dissolved oxygen concentration is conducive to generate in the activation and denitrification process of denitrification dephosphorization sludge
The stripping of nitrogen improves the runnability steady in a long-term of technique.
In step (4), the filler of biological contact oxidation pond is overall plastic property intermediate plate polyvinyl hydroformylation silk, specific surface area 3000~
8000m2/m3, filling rate 35~50%, porosity is greater than 99%, specification Φ 180mm, density 2.5g/cm3(such as it is specific optional
It selects: Φ 180mm, spacing 80mm, Jiangsu Yulong E.P. Co., Ltd.);Mean sludge concentration in biological contact oxidation pond is
2000~3000mg/L, hydraulic detention time are 2.0~3.5h, and dissolved oxygen DO is 2.5~3.5mg/L.Biological contact oxidation pond
Composite filling is added, is conducive to nitrobacteria apposition growth, improves its biomass, nitrification efficiency is higher, and treatment effect is stablized.
In step (5), the sludge reflux of the second sedimentation basin to biological contact oxidation pond, return sludge ratio is 100%~
200%, sludge sludge age is maintained at 25~35d;A part of water of water tank is back to anoxic pond out, and reflux ratio is 100%~
300%.Nitrobacteria, which is attached on biomembrane, can keep longer sludge age, reduce the discharge amount of sludge;Bio-contact oxidation
The nitrification liquid reflux that pond generates, provides electron acceptor for Denitrifying Phosphorus Removal.
Inventive principle: technique of the invention is mainly made of denitrification dephosphorization sludge system and nitrifying sludge system.Anti- nitre
Phosphorus sludge system gathering denitrifying polyP bacteria is eliminated, the synchronous removal of nitrogen phosphorus is completed, by anaerobic pond, anoxic pond, postposition exposes in short-term
Gas pond and the first sedimentation basin composition.Nitrifying sludge system realizes the nitration reaction of ammonia nitrogen, is sunk by biological contact oxidation pond and second
Shallow lake pond composition.The major function of postposition aeration tank is to realize activation and the nitrogen stripping of denitrification dephosphorization sludge in short-term, is conducive to
The operation of system long-time continuous stable.Biological contact oxidation pond is provided with filler, and material is overall plastic property intermediate plate polyvinyl hydroformylation silk, has
Conducive to the apposition growth of nitrobacteria.In addition, by the control of aeration quantity in biological contact oxidation pond can be achieved nitrification completely and
The function of short distance nitration.There are respective sludge recirculation system in two functional areas, realize point of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrobacteria
From, solve sludge age contradiction between the two, in sewage carbon source can all front ends denitrification dephosphorization system utilize.Nitrify supernatant
The anoxic pond that liquid is back to realizes denitrification dephosphorization.The present invention has the advantages that save carbon source and aeration quantity, sludge yield are low etc.,
Long-term continuous operation suitable for sanitary sewage disposal.
The utility model has the advantages that
1) there are respective sludge recirculation system in two functional areas, realize the separation of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria and nitrobacteria, solution
In traditional active sludge of having determined system between nitrifying sludge and denitrification phosphorus-collecting sludge the problem of sludge age contradiction;
2) Prepositive denitrification dephosphorization system, carbon source are used for anaerobic phosphorus release and denitrification dephosphorization to greatest extent, save carbon source, mention
High raw water utilization of carbon source rate;
3) denitrification dephosphorization sludge system increase postposition aeration tank in short-term, is conducive to the activation of denitrification dephosphorization sludge, mentions
Its high runnability steady in a long-term;
4) biological contact oxidation pond adds composite filling, is conducive to nitrobacteria apposition growth, improves its biomass, nitrifies
Efficiency is higher, and treatment effect is stablized;
5) nitrification uses biofilm, and compared to activated sludge, sludge yield is low, alleviates sludge treatment problem,
Reduce operating cost;
6) it solves the problems, such as that traditional double sludge system water outlet ammonia nitrogens are excessively high, realizes advanced nitrogen dephosphorization;
7) process flow is simple, and operational management is convenient, is suitble to the upgrading of sewage treatment plant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification dephosphorization apparatus structural schematic diagram;
In figure: 1- raw water water tank;2- anaerobic pond;3- anoxic pond;The postposition aeration tank in short-term 4-;The first sedimentation basin of 5-;6- is raw
Object contact-oxidation pool;The second sedimentation basin of 7-;8- goes out water tank;9- agitating device;10- aerator;11- composite filling;12-
The overflow baffle of one sedimentation basin;The overflow baffle of the second sedimentation basin of 13-;14- intake pump;15- denitrification dephosphorization sludge system is dirty
Mud reflux pump;16- denitrification dephosphorization sludge system sludge pump;17- nitrifying sludge system sludge reflux pump;18- nitrifying sludge system
System sludge pump;19- nitrifies supernatant reflux pump;20- water outlet.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated.
Such as Fig. 1, the improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification dephosphorization apparatus of the present embodiment includes: successively to connect
Raw water water tank 1, the anaerobic pond 2, anoxic pond 3, in short-term postposition aeration tank 4, the first sedimentation basin 5, biological contact oxidation pond 6, connect
Two sedimentation basins 7 and out water tank 8;Wherein it is dirty to constitute denitrification dephosphorization for anaerobic pond 2, anoxic pond 3, aeration tank 4 and the first sedimentation basin 5
Mud system, biological contact oxidation pond 6 and the second sedimentation basin 7 constitute nitrifying sludge system.The main body of each reactor is by organic glass
Glass is made.
Raw water water tank 1 is equipped with intake pump 14 for storing raw sewage, the pipeline that raw water water tank is connected with anaerobic pond 2.Detest
The volume 15L in oxygen pond 2, the volume 15L of anoxic pond 3, the volume 1L of postposition aeration tank 4, the first sedimentation basin 5 and second precipitate in short-term
The volume 5L in pond 7, certain each reaction tank can also be configured according to the actual situation.It is mounted on and stirs in anaerobic pond 2 and anoxic pond 3
Device 9 is mixed, is equipped with aerator 10 in postposition aeration tank 4 and biological contact oxidation pond 6 in short-term, postposition aeration tank 4 is molten in short-term
Oxygen control is solved in 1.5~2.5mg/L.The volume of biological contact oxidation pond 6 is 15L, also built-in composite filling 11.
First sedimentation basin 5 and the second sedimentation basin 7 are used for mud-water separation, and supernatant is overflow by respective overflow baffle 12,13
Stream enters subsequent processing, the sludge outlet discharge that sludge passes through precipitating bottom of pond portion.
The sludge outlet of first sedimentation basin 5 is connect with anaerobic pond 2, and connecting line is equipped with denitrification dephosphorization sludge system sludge
Reflux pump 15, excess sludge are discharged by the denitrification dephosphorization sludge system sludge pump 16 on outer row pipeline, and sludge age is kept
About 15~20d.The sludge outlet of second sedimentation basin 7 is connect with biological contact oxidation pond 6, completes the interior circulation of sludge, connecting tube
Road is equipped with nitrifying sludge system sludge reflux pump 17, and excess sludge passes through the nitrifying sludge system sludge pump 18 on outer row pipeline
It is discharged, sludge age keeps about 25~35d.
Water tank 8 is connect by return pipe with anoxic pond 3 out, and connecting line is equipped with nitrification supernatant reflux pump 19, extra
Qualified water outlet be discharged by the water outlet 20 gone out on water tank.
When sewage treatment, sewage in raw water water tank 1 by intake pump 14 and the returned sludge from the first sedimentation basin 5 into
Enter the processing of anaerobic pond 2, the mean sludge concentration in anaerobic pond is 4000~6000mg/L, and hydraulic detention time is 2.0~3.5h.
It is sufficiently mixed reaction by the agitating device 9 in anaerobic pond 2, Organic substance in water is hydrolyzed, and Denitrifying Phosphate Accumulating Organisms absorb to be waved in water
Hair property fatty acid (VFAs) synthesizes internal carbon source (PHAs) and is stored in cell body, while releasing phosphate radical.
After anaerobic pond processing, mixed liquor and the recirculation water from water tank 8 out enter anoxic pond 3 and handle, in anoxic pond
Hydraulic detention time is 3.0~4.5h.Denitrifying Phosphate Accumulating Organisms with nitrate (part nitrite) for electron acceptor, in oxysome
PHAs releases energy, the phosphorus in excessive consumption solution, realizes the synchronous removal of nitrogen phosphorus.
Mixed liquor is sufficiently mixed reaction along journey plug-flow, and by agitating device 9 in anaerobic pond 2 and anoxic pond 3, at anoxic pond
After reason, mixed liquor enters postposition aeration tank 4 in short-term and carries out Air Exposure, and the dissolved oxygen DO in aeration tank is 1.5~
2.5mg/L, hydraulic detention time are 0.2~0.5h.It is on the one hand real by the aeration aerating gas of short time in the aeration tank of postposition
Existing nitrogen stripping, prevents Mud up-floating, on the other hand can activate the denitrification dephosphorization dirt for being chronically at anaerobic/anoxic state
Mud improves its ability run steadily in the long term.
After Air Exposure, mixed liquor enters the first sedimentation basin 5 and carries out mud-water separation, and 1.0~2.0h of residence time is dirty
Mud is back to anaerobic pond 2 through denitrification dephosphorization sludge system sludge reflux pump 15, and return sludge ratio is 100%~300%, is rich in
The supernatant of ammonia nitrogen enters biological contact oxidation pond 6 and carries out nitration reaction.Composite filling 11, material built in biological contact oxidation pond 6
Matter is overall plastic property intermediate plate polyvinyl hydroformylation silk, 3000~8000m of specific surface area2/m3, filling rate 35~50%, porosity is greater than
99%, specification Φ 180mm, density 2.5g/cm3, the mean sludge concentration in biological contact oxidation pond is 2000~3000mg/L,
Hydraulic detention time is 2.0~3.5h, and dissolved oxygen is controlled in 2.5~3.5mg/L, realizes the apposition growth and nitrification of nitrobacteria
The progress of reaction.
After nitration reaction, mixed liquor (including the biomembrane and sludge to fall off) enters the second sedimentation basin 7 and carries out muddy water
Separation, sludge are back to biological contact oxidation pond by nitrifying sludge reflux pump 17, realize the interior circulation of nitrifying sludge system, dirty
Mud reflux ratio is 100%~200%, and excess sludge carries out spoil disposal by nitrifying sludge system sludge pump 18, and supernatant enters
Water tank 8.A part of water of water tank 8 is discharged by water outlet 20 out, and another part water passes through nitrification supernatant reflux pump 19
It is back to anoxic pond 3, reflux ratio is 100%~300%.
Application examples
Using Zhenjiang areas colleges and universities dependents' district septic tank sanitary sewage as raw water, water quality characteristic be see the table below:
Experiment condition: technique flow of inlet water Q=5L/h, HRT=10h, wherein anaerobic pond HRT=3.0h, anoxic pond HRT=
3.0h, in short-term postposition aeration tank HRT=0.2h, biological contact oxidation pond HRT=3.0h;Denitrification phosphorus-collecting return sludge ratio
150%, SRT are controlled in 15d or so;Mean sludge concentration~5500mg/L in anaerobic pond, mean sludge concentration in anoxic pond~
4500mg/L;Nitrifying sludge reflux ratio 200%, SRT control in 30d or so, biological contact oxidation pond mean sludge concentration~
2000mg/L;Biological contact oxidation pond filling rate 45%, dissolved oxygen is in 3.0mg/L or so, water temperature~25 DEG C, mixed liquid recycle ratio
300%.It is discharged average COD, NH4 +- N, TN, TP etc. are respectively 38.25,4.52,11.69,0.31mg/L, are discharged each index and reach
The level-one A standard in " urban wastewater treatment firm pollutant emission standard " (GB 18918-2002).
The technique has not only given full play to the separation of two sludge system nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria sludge age, Er Qiecong
It fundamentally solves conventional activated sludge process and handles deficiency during low C/N sanitary sewage, realize carbon source and aeration quantity
Saving and excess sludge decrement, in biological municipal sewage process field have broad prospect of application.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, this is better understood and applied convenient for field technical staff
Invention.It is noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, also
Several improvements and modifications can be made, these modifications and embellishments should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification dephosphorization apparatus characterized by comprising successively connect
Raw water water tank, the anaerobic pond, anoxic pond, in short-term postposition aeration tank, the first sedimentation basin, biological contact oxidation pond, the second precipitating connect
Pond and out water tank;Wherein the sludge outlet of the first sedimentation basin is connect with anaerobic pond, the sludge outlet and biology of the second sedimentation basin
Contact-oxidation pool connection, water tank is connect by return pipe with anoxic pond out.
2. improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification dephosphorization apparatus according to claim 1, feature
It is, agitating device is equipped in the anaerobic pond and anoxic pond;The aeration tank of postposition in short-term and biological contact oxidation pond
It is interior to be equipped with aerator.
3. a kind of carried out using improved continuous flow double sludge denitrification sewage deep denitrification dephosphorization apparatus described in claim 1
The method of sewage treatment characterized by comprising
(1) sewage in raw water water tank and the returned sludge from the first sedimentation basin enter anaerobic pond processing;
(2) anaerobic pond treated mixed liquor and the recirculation water from water tank out enter anoxic pond processing;
(3) anoxic pond after treatment, mixed liquor enter postposition aeration tank in short-term and carry out sludge activation and the processing of nitrogen stripping;
(4) postposition aeration tank after treatment in short-term, mixed liquor enter the first sedimentation basin and carry out mud-water separation, and sludge reflux is to detesting
Oxygen pond, supernatant enter biological contact oxidation pond and carry out nitration reaction;
(5) after nitration reaction, mixed liquor enters the second sedimentation basin and carries out mud-water separation, sludge reflux to bio-contact oxidation
Pond, supernatant enter water tank, and a part of water discharge of water tank, another part water are back to anoxic pond out.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the mean sludge concentration in anaerobic pond is
4000~6000mg/L, hydraulic detention time are 2.0~3.5h.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (2), the mean sludge concentration in anoxic pond is
4000~5500mg/L, power residence time are 3.0~4.5h.
6. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (3), the dissolved oxygen DO in postposition aeration tank in short-term
For 1.5~2.5mg/L, hydraulic detention time is 0.2~0.5h.
7. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (4), the sludge reflux of the first sedimentation basin to anaerobism
Pond, return sludge ratio are 100%~300%, and sludge sludge age is maintained at 15~20d.
8. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the filler of biological contact oxidation pond is overall plastic in step (4)
Property intermediate plate polyvinyl hydroformylation silk;Mean sludge concentration in biological contact oxidation pond is 2000~3000mg/L, and dissolved oxygen DO is 2.5
~3.5mg/L, hydraulic detention time are 2.0~3.5h.
9. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, in step (5), the sludge reflux of the second sedimentation basin to biology
Contact-oxidation pool, return sludge ratio are 100%~200%, and sludge sludge age is maintained at 25~35d;A part of water of water tank out
It is back to anoxic pond, reflux ratio is 100%~300%.
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CN111484199B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-06-18 | 云南大学 | Intermittent double-sludge denitrification AN (AO) n full-nitrification ultra-deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal process |
CN112225397A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-15 | 北京恩菲环保技术有限公司 | Sewage treatment system and method based on double-sludge denitrification dephosphorization and biological filter tower |
CN115385452A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-11-25 | 青岛理工大学 | System and method for enhancing mainstream phosphorus removal through sidestream fermentation by biological synergistic metabolism |
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