CN109228220B - Melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding method and device for high-viscosity material - Google Patents
Melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding method and device for high-viscosity material Download PDFInfo
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- CN109228220B CN109228220B CN201811036013.9A CN201811036013A CN109228220B CN 109228220 B CN109228220 B CN 109228220B CN 201811036013 A CN201811036013 A CN 201811036013A CN 109228220 B CN109228220 B CN 109228220B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/002—Panels; Plates; Sheets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding of a high-viscosity material, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly conveying the material into a stretching assembly by utilizing extrusion acting force generated by reciprocating motion of a plunger rod; the stretching assembly generates stretching acting force on the passing material by utilizing the periodical change of the radial cross-sectional area of the stretching runner in the stretching assembly, and high-efficiency melting, plasticizing, transporting and dispersing mixing are carried out; and then the homogenization, dispersion and extrusion of the materials are completed by utilizing the gradual flattening of the homogenization flow channels in the die head. The device comprises a charging barrel, a sleeve and a die head which are sequentially connected, wherein a plunger rod is arranged in the charging barrel, an extrusion flow passage is formed between the plunger rod and the inner wall of the charging barrel, a stretching assembly is arranged in the sleeve, the radial cross section area of the stretching flow passage in the stretching assembly is periodically enlarged and reduced or changed in a bending manner, and the radial cross section of a homogenizing flow passage in the die head gradually tends to be flattened. The invention can effectively improve the processing efficiency of the polymer with high viscosity and poor fluidity by combining the extrusion effect and the stretching effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer material processing, in particular to a melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding method and device for a high-viscosity material.
Background
The processing and forming of the high polymer material is a process that the high polymer material deforms under the action of an external force field to obtain a required product, and the processing method and equipment determine the performance of the product to a great extent. Calendering and casting techniques are the primary methods of producing polymeric films and sheets. The traditional production method mainly comprises the steps of heating, plasticizing and blending a high polymer material through a screw extruder or other equipment, and then casting through a clothes rack type, T-shaped or dovetail type casting die head or extruding and stretching the material through gaps among a plurality of parallel rotating rollers, so that a film or sheet with good surface finish is manufactured.
During polymer processing, the material flow morphology mainly includes shear flow and elongational flow. In the traditional screw processing process, the speed gradient direction of the materials is vertical to the flowing direction, and the mixing plasticizing process is subjected to shearing deformation, so that the defects of long thermomechanical process, high energy consumption, large equipment volume and weight, poor mixing effect, poor material system adaptability and the like exist. Compared with the method, the method for processing the polymer material based on the stretching flow field has the advantages of small material property dependence, high plasticizing and conveying efficiency, energy conservation, consumption reduction and the like.
Articles made from the high viscosity materials have superior performance properties such as polytetrafluoroethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, highly filled polymer composite systems, and the like, known as "plastic king", which have a variety of excellent properties such as being colorless, non-toxic, resistant to high and low temperatures, being widely used, being chemically inert, and having a small friction factor. But at the same time, due to the high viscosity, the linear expansion coefficient of the material is larger, the dimensional stability is poor, the thermal conductivity is low, the creep resistance is poor, the abrasion resistance is poor, and the molding and secondary processing are difficult, so that the realization and the functionalization are limited. If the stretching flow field can be applied to the plasticizing mixing processing process of the material, the processing efficiency of the polymer with high viscosity and poor fluidity can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a melt extrusion-flow/calendaring method for high-viscosity materials, which can effectively improve the processing efficiency of polymers with high viscosity and poor fluidity by combining extrusion action and stretching action.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a melt extrusion-flow/calender molding apparatus for high viscosity materials for use in carrying out the above method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for forming high-viscosity material by melt extrusion-flow/calendaring includes such steps as delivering the material to a stretching unit by the extrusion force generated by reciprocating motion of plunger rod; then, the stretching assembly generates stretching acting force on the passing material by utilizing the periodical change of the radial cross-sectional area of the stretching runner in the stretching assembly, so that the material is efficiently melted, plasticized, transported and dispersed mixed; and then the material enters a die head, and the homogenization dispersion and extrusion of the material are completed by utilizing the gradual flattening of a homogenization flow passage in the die head.
An extrusion action area is formed at the plunger rod, a stretching action area is formed at the stretching assembly, a homogenizing area is formed at the die head, and the extrusion action area, the stretching action area and the homogenizing area are sequentially communicated.
The invention relates to a melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding device of a high-viscosity material, which comprises a charging barrel, a sleeve and a die head which are sequentially connected, wherein a plunger rod is arranged in the charging barrel, an extrusion flow passage (the flow passage is an extrusion action area) is formed between the plunger rod and the inner wall of the charging barrel, a stretching assembly is arranged in the sleeve, the radial cross section area of the stretching flow passage in the stretching assembly is periodically enlarged and reduced or changed in a bending way, and the radial cross section of a homogenizing flow passage in the die head gradually tends to be flattened.
The feed hopper is arranged on the feed cylinder, and the outlet end of the feed hopper is communicated with the extrusion action area.
The stretching assembly comprises a plurality of stretching modules which are sequentially connected, the inner cavities of the stretching modules are smooth surfaces, the inner cavities of the stretching modules are connected smoothly to form stretching flow channels with periodically-changed radial sections, and the flow channels are stretching action areas.
The inner cavity of the stretching module is conical in the axial direction, the radial cross section of the stretching runner is circular, and two adjacent stretching modules are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode.
In the stretching assembly, the inner cavity of each stretching module forms continuous wave shape on the axis, the radial section shape of the stretching runner is crescent, and two adjacent stretching modules are arranged in a central symmetry mode around the axis of the stretching module.
In the two stretching modules with different cross-sectional shapes, the radial cross-sectional area of the inner cavity is periodically and alternately changed from big to small to big.
The homogenizing flow passage in the die head comprises a plurality of chambers, connecting channels and end flow passages, the chambers and the connecting channels are alternately connected along the conveying direction of materials, and the chamber at the extreme end is connected with the end flow passages; along the material conveying direction, the cross-sectional diameter of each chamber is gradually reduced, and the cross-sectional width of each chamber is gradually increased. The cross-sectional heights (namely the gap between the flow channels) of the connecting channel and the tail end flow channel are equal, the gap is adjustable, the die head is of a right-angle or straight-through structure, the die head is in a hanger shape, the die head is generally formed by combining an upper die head and a lower die head, and the cross-sectional heights of the connecting channel and the tail end flow channel can be adjusted by adjusting the gap between the upper die head and the lower die head.
The axis of the plunger rod is horizontally connected with the axis of the stretching assembly or vertically connected with the axis of the stretching assembly; the axis of the die head is horizontally connected with the axis of the drawing assembly or vertically connected with the axis of the drawing assembly.
A first connecting seat is arranged between the charging barrel and the sleeve, and the charging barrel is connected with the sleeve and the stretching module through the first connecting seat; a second connecting seat is arranged between the sleeve and the die head, and the sleeve, the stretching module and the die head are all connected through the second connecting seat. In addition, the periphery of the charging basket, the periphery of the sleeve and the periphery of the die head can be provided with heating components, and the temperature control of each heating component can be independently adjusted through the arrangement of the extruder control system.
When the melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding method and the device for the high-viscosity material are used, the principle is as follows: the materials sequentially pass through an extrusion action area, a stretching action area and a homogenizing area, and in the extrusion action area, the plunger continuously conveys the materials in the hopper forward through reciprocating motion to generate extrusion force; in the stretching action area, the material passes through a stretching runner with the sectional area periodically changed from small to large to small to generate stretching force, so that the mass and heat transfer effect of the material can be effectively improved, and the melting plasticization transportation and dispersion mixing are improved; in the homogenizing area, the flow channel gradually transits from round to square, and the sectional area is 'from big to small', so that the materials are homogenized, dispersed and extruded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding method and device of the high-viscosity material are mainly based on extrusion-stretching, and the processing efficiency of the polymer with high viscosity and poor fluidity can be effectively improved by combining the extrusion effect and the stretching effect.
The melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding device of the high-viscosity material has simple structure and convenient operation, can carry out high-efficiency plasticizing and blending on the polymer material under the stretching action, and can realize the preparation of high-quality films and sheet products through the high-viscosity material under the stretching flow field.
The melt extrusion-flow/calendaring device for the high-viscosity material has simple structure and wide adaptability, and can be widely applied to processing of various high-molecular materials, in particular to processing of high-viscosity materials.
The melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding device of the high-viscosity material also has the advantages of wide plunger rod speed range, changeable stretching module, adjustable temperature of each component, adjustable extrusion thickness and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a melt extrusion-flow/calender apparatus for forming a high viscosity material according to example 1.
Fig. 2 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of the single stretch module of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an axial cross-sectional schematic view of the die of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower die in the die.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a melt extrusion-flow/calender apparatus for forming a high viscosity material according to example 2.
Fig. 6 is a schematic radial cross-sectional view of the single stretch module of fig. 2.
In the above figures, the components denoted by the reference numerals are as follows: 1 is a plunger rod, 2 is a charging barrel, 3 is a hopper, 4 is a first connecting seat, 5 is a stretching module, 6 is a heating component, 7 is a sleeve, 8 is a second connecting seat, 9 is a die head, 9-1 is a cavity, 9-2 is a connecting channel, 9-3 is a terminal flow passage, and I is a stretching action area.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The main components of the apparatus for melt extrusion-flow/calendaring of high viscosity materials according to this embodiment include a plunger rod 1, a barrel 2, a hopper 3, a first connection base 4, a drawing module 5, a heating assembly 6, a sleeve 7, a second connection base 8 and a die 9 as shown in FIG. 1.
The plunger rod is positioned in the charging barrel, and a plurality of stretching modules are combined and then are arranged in the sleeve and are connected with the charging barrel through the first connecting seat. The second connection seat is located after the stretching region I and is used for connecting the stretching region with the die head. The periphery of the charging barrel, the sleeve and the die head are respectively provided with a heating component. After the materials in the hopper enter the charging barrel under the action of gravity, when the plunger rod moves back and forth in the charging barrel, the materials are pushed forward, so that the materials enter a stretching action area; in the stretching action area, the materials are changed into viscous state under the stretching action of the stretching module and combined with the action of the heating component, and meanwhile, the materials are fully melted and mixed in the stretching action area and then homogenized and extruded through the die head.
In this embodiment, the stretching action area is composed of 10 stretching modules. The inner cavity of the stretching module is conical (as shown in fig. 1) in the axial direction, the radial section shape of the stretching runner is circular (as shown in fig. 2), and two adjacent stretching modules are arranged in a mirror symmetry mode. The radial cross-sectional area of the stretching module is periodically changed (namely, periodically enlarged and reduced) in a manner of firstly becoming smaller and then becoming larger, so that stretching acting force is generated, materials are efficiently mixed under a stretching flow field, and the stretching module is arranged in the sleeve and fixed at the tail end through the second connecting seat.
In this embodiment, the die head is in a hanger-type shape, the die head is in a straight-through structure (i.e. horizontally connected between the die head and the stretching module), the axial section of the homogenizing runner in the die head is divided into a chamber 9-1, a connecting channel 9-2 and a terminal runner 9-2 along the advancing direction of the material, as shown in fig. 3, the chambers are alternately connected with the connecting channel, the chamber at the extreme end is connected with the terminal runner, the cross-sectional area of each chamber is gradually reduced along with the advancing direction of the material, and the gap between the connecting channel and the terminal runner is adjustable. When the material passes through the connecting channel in the die head, certain resistance is applied to generate certain pressure, so that the material flows to two sides, the radial width of the homogenizing flow channel is gradually increased (as shown in fig. 4), and the material is further mixed under the stretching action after a plurality of changes of the area of the homogenizing flow channel from large to small to large, and flows out uniformly at the tail end flow channel of the die head.
Example 2
The melt extrusion-flow/calender molding apparatus of this example for a high viscosity material is different from example 1 in that: the setting mode of the charging barrel, the section shape of the stretching module and the die head connecting mode.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5 or fig. 6, the charging barrel adopts a vertical type, the plunger rod performs up-and-down reciprocating motion for charging, and the stretching modules in the stretching action area make the stretching flow channel exhibit a meandering change, wherein the inner cavity of each stretching module forms a continuous wave shape (as shown in fig. 5) on the axis, the radial section shape of the stretching flow channel is crescent (as shown in fig. 6), and two adjacent stretching modules are arranged in a central symmetry around the axis of the stretching module. A tensile force is generated. The installation mode of the die head at the tail end of the device is a right angle type (namely, the die head is vertically connected with the sleeve).
In addition, other shapes for the radial cross-section of the stretch module may be used depending on the actual needs of melt extrusion-flow/calendaring of the polymeric material.
As described above, the present invention can be better realized, and the above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; all equivalent changes and modifications are intended to be covered by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding device for the high-viscosity material is characterized by comprising a charging barrel, a sleeve and a die head which are sequentially connected, wherein a plunger rod is arranged in the charging barrel, an extrusion flow channel is formed between the plunger rod and the inner wall of the charging barrel, a stretching assembly is arranged in the sleeve, the radial cross section area of the stretching flow channel in the stretching assembly is periodically enlarged and reduced or changed in a bending manner, and the radial cross section of a homogenizing flow channel in the die head gradually tends to be flattened;
the homogenizing flow passage in the die head comprises a plurality of chambers, connecting channels and end flow passages, the chambers and the connecting channels are alternately connected along the conveying direction of materials, and the chamber at the extreme end is connected with the end flow passages; the cross-sectional diameter of each cavity is gradually reduced along the material conveying direction, and the cross-sectional width of each cavity is gradually increased;
the axis of the plunger rod is horizontally connected with the axis of the stretching assembly or vertically connected with the axis of the stretching assembly; the axis of the die head is horizontally connected with the axis of the drawing assembly or vertically connected with the axis of the drawing assembly.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cartridge is provided with a feed hopper, and wherein the outlet end of the feed hopper is in communication with the extrusion zone.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stretching assembly comprises a plurality of stretching modules connected in sequence, the inner cavities of the stretching modules are smooth surfaces, and the inner cavities of the stretching modules are connected smoothly to form stretching flow channels with periodically changing radial sections.
4. A device for melt extrusion-flow/calendaring of a high viscosity material according to claim 3, wherein the cavity of said stretching modules is conical in axial direction, the radial cross-section of the stretching channels is circular, and two adjacent stretching modules are arranged in mirror symmetry.
5. A device for melt extrusion-flow/calendaring of a high viscosity material according to claim 3, wherein in said stretching assembly, the cavity of each stretching module is formed in a continuous wave shape on the axis, the radial cross-section of the stretching runner is crescent shaped, and two adjacent stretching modules are arranged in central symmetry around the axis of the stretching module.
6. The device for melt extrusion-flow/calendaring of a high viscosity material according to claim 1, wherein a first connecting seat is arranged between the material cylinder and the sleeve, and the material cylinder is connected with the sleeve and the stretching module through the first connecting seat; a second connecting seat is arranged between the sleeve and the die head, and the sleeve, the stretching module and the die head are all connected through the second connecting seat.
7. The method for melt extrusion-flow/calendaring of a high viscosity material according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the material is fed into the stretching assembly by extrusion force generated by reciprocating plunger rod; then, the stretching assembly generates stretching acting force on the passing material by utilizing the periodical change of the radial cross-sectional area of the stretching runner in the stretching assembly, so that the material is efficiently melted, plasticized, transported and dispersed mixed; and then the material enters a die head, and the homogenization dispersion and extrusion of the material are completed by utilizing the gradual flattening of a homogenization flow passage in the die head.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the plunger rod defines an extrusion zone, the drawing assembly defines a drawing zone, the die defines a homogenizing zone, and the extrusion zone, the drawing zone and the homogenizing zone are in communication.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811036013.9A CN109228220B (en) | 2018-09-06 | 2018-09-06 | Melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding method and device for high-viscosity material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811036013.9A CN109228220B (en) | 2018-09-06 | 2018-09-06 | Melt extrusion-flow/calendaring molding method and device for high-viscosity material |
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| CN109228220A CN109228220A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109228220B true CN109228220B (en) | 2023-09-05 |
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| CN113815211A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-21 | 华南理工大学 | Cold flow fiber-forming extrusion molding method and device for polytetrafluoroethylene film |
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