Bolt machining process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bolt processing technologies, in particular to a bolt processing technology.
Background
Bolt: mechanical parts, cylindrical threaded fasteners fitted with nuts. The fastener consists of a head and a cylinder with a screw rod provided with external threads, and is matched with a nut and used for fastening and connecting two parts with through holes. The existing bolt processing needs thread processing, the blank bolt needs to be fixed and then thread processing is carried out during thread processing, the existing equipment is unstable in blank bolt fixing, the phenomenon that separation or disordered buckling is generated on the surfaces of thread teeth due to shaking during working occurs, blank bolts of different specifications need to be processed corresponding to different rolling dies, the process is complex, the consumed time is long, the labor intensity is high, and the efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the bolt processing technology comprises the following specific steps:
step one, forming: spheroidizing and cold heading forming by using medium carbon alloy steel as a raw material to obtain a blank;
step two, acid washing treatment: soaking the blank obtained in the step one in a hydrochloric acid tank with the concentration of 20-25% at normal temperature for 10-20 minutes, and then placing the blank into an HX-RB6P drying room for drying, wherein the temperature is controlled at 80-90 ℃ in the drying process;
step three, thread machining: putting the head of the blank processed in the step two into a bolt head clamping device for clamping, adjusting the clamped blank to a working position by the bolt head clamping device, and performing thread machining on the clamped blank under the cooperation of a thread rolling device;
the bolt head clamping device comprises a connecting electric slide block, a moving frame, a rotating motor, a rotating frame, a rotating plate, four clamping claws, an annular plate, four convex plates, a connecting frame, a working motor and an adjusting mechanism, the electric rotating plate is symmetrically arranged at the right end of the main plate, a moving frame is arranged on the electric sliding block, a rotating motor is arranged at the upper end of the moving frame, a rotating frame is arranged on an output shaft of the rotating motor, a rotating plate is arranged at the front end of the rotating frame, four sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the rotating plate along the circumferential direction of the rotating plate, a rotating groove is formed in the middle of the rotating plate, a clamping claw is arranged in each sliding groove, a working motor is arranged at the lower end of the rotating plate through a motor base, a connecting frame is arranged on the output shaft of the working motor, the front end of the connecting frame is arranged at the front end of the annular plate, four protruding plates are uniformly arranged in the annular plate along the circumferential direction of the annular plate, each protruding plate corresponds to one;
the thread rolling device comprises an auxiliary electric slider, a translation frame, a static plate, a pushing cylinder, an auxiliary plate, a pressing cylinder and a movable plate, wherein the auxiliary electric slider is symmetrically arranged at the left end of a main plate;
step four, quenching treatment: quenching the blank obtained in the step three in a RYD-45-6 salt bath furnace, controlling the temperature at 800-850 ℃, the temperature rise time at 7-9 minutes and the heat preservation time at 60-70 minutes;
step five, tempering treatment, namely tempering the blank obtained after quenching in the step four in a nitrate furnace XI L-35-5, wherein the tempering temperature is controlled at 500-550 ℃, the temperature rise time is 65-70 minutes, and the heat preservation time is 90-95 minutes;
step six, surface treatment: and D, immersing the semi-finished product obtained in the step five in a plating bath dissolving zinc at the temperature of 500 ℃, and forming an anti-rust layer on the outer surface of the immersed semi-finished product.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the clamping jaws in the third step comprise auxiliary sliding grooves, auxiliary sliding blocks, clamping plates, angle plates, pressing wheels, angle cylinders, connecting columns and compression springs, wherein the auxiliary sliding grooves are symmetrically arranged in the sliding grooves, the auxiliary sliding grooves are connected with the auxiliary sliding blocks in a sliding fit mode, the auxiliary sliding blocks are arranged on the clamping plates, the left ends of the clamping plates are provided with the angle plates through pin shafts, the angle cylinders are arranged between the angle plates and the clamping plates through pin shafts, the lower ends of the angle plates are provided with the pressing wheels through pin shafts, the right ends of the clamping plates are provided with the connecting columns, the compression springs are connected between the connecting columns and the rotating plates, when the clamping device works, the heads of the blank bolts processed in the second step are placed into the four clamping jaws, working motors on the bolt head clamping device drive the annular plates to rotate, the four convex plates extrude the connecting columns to enable the four clamping, the angle cylinder drives the angle plate to carry out secondary compression on the head of the blank bolt, when loosening, the working motor drives the annular plate to rotate reversely, the compression spring drives the clamping plate to reset, the bolt head clamping device drives the clamping claw to clamp the blank bolt, the matching adjusting mechanism carries out secondary clamping on the blank bolt, shaking is not easy to occur during thread machining, separation or disordered buckling on the surface of a thread tooth can not occur, the consumed time is short, the angle cylinder is simple to operate, the labor intensity is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the adjusting mechanism in the third step comprises a circular sliding groove, a circular slider, a circular plate, a linear plate, an adjusting plate, an auxiliary frame, a telescopic cylinder, a rack, a gear and a motor, wherein the circular groove is arranged in the rotary groove, the circular groove is connected with the circular slider in a sliding fit manner, the circular slider is arranged on the circular plate, the linear plate is arranged at the left end of the circular plate, an inlet and outlet groove is formed in the middle of the circular plate, the telescopic cylinder is symmetrically arranged at the right end of the circular plate, the top end of the telescopic cylinder is arranged on the auxiliary frame, the adjusting plate is arranged in the middle of the auxiliary frame, the adjusting plate is positioned in the inlet and outlet groove, the rack is arranged on the outer side of the left end of the circular plate, the gear is meshed with the rack, the gear is arranged on an output shaft of the motor, the motor is arranged on the rotary plate through a base, when the motor works, the telescopic cylinder drives the adjusting plate to adjust rightwards, when the adjusting plate is a cross groove, the adjusting plate remains unchanged, after the adjusting plate is inserted, the motor drives the inserted blank bolt to rotate, the blank bolt rotates to a proper position, the adjusting mechanism carries out secondary clamping on the blank bolt, and the clamping is firmer and easy to operate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the convex plate in the third step is of a semicircular structure and is tightly attached to the outer wall of the connecting column, the convex plate extrudes the connecting column to enable the clamping plates to move inwards, and the four clamping plates clamp the blank bolt, so that the operation is simple.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the static plate in the third step is provided with a first tooth-shaped groove with equal pitch, the movable plate is provided with a second tooth-shaped groove with equal pitch, and the first tooth-shaped groove and the second tooth-shaped groove have the same structure and size.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can solve the problems that the prior bolt processing needs thread processing, the blank bolt needs to be fixed and then thread processing needs to be carried out during the thread processing, the prior equipment has unstable fixation of the blank bolt, the phenomenon of separation or disordered buckling of the thread surface caused by shaking occurs during the work, the blank bolts with different specifications need to be processed corresponding to different rolling dies, the process is complicated, the consumed time is long, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low and the like, can realize the functions of automatically fixing and stably processing the bolt, automatically fix a blank bolt, stably clamp the blank bolt, is not easy to shake when processing threads, does not generate the phenomenon of separation or random buckling on the surfaces of threads, aiming at adjusting and processing blank bolts of different specifications, the method has the advantages of short consumed time, simple operation, low labor intensity, high working efficiency and the like;
2. the bolt head clamping device is arranged for clamping a blank bolt for multiple times, is not easy to shake during thread machining, does not have the phenomenon of separation or random buckling on the surface of a thread tooth, is short in consumed time, and has the advantages of simplicity in operation, reduction in labor intensity and improvement in working efficiency;
3. the invention is provided with the thread rolling device, the thread rolling device carries out the aim-oriented adjustment processing on the blank bolts with different specifications, the die does not need to be replaced, the consumed time is short, and the operation is simple.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the bolt head clamping device, the main plate and the thread rolling device of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a first structure between the bolt head clamping device and the main plate of the invention;
fig. 4 is a second structural view between the bolt head clamping device and the main plate of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the main board and the thread rolling device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a bolt processing technology includes the following specific steps:
step one, forming: spheroidizing and cold heading forming by using medium carbon alloy steel as a raw material to obtain a blank;
step two, acid washing treatment: soaking the blank obtained in the step one in a hydrochloric acid tank with the concentration of 20-25% at normal temperature for 10-20 minutes, and then placing the blank into an HX-RB6P drying room for drying, wherein the temperature is controlled at 80-90 ℃ in the drying process;
step three, thread machining: putting the head of the blank processed in the step two into the bolt head clamping device 1 for clamping, adjusting the clamped blank to a working position by the bolt head clamping device 1, and performing thread machining on the clamped blank under the cooperation of the thread rolling device 4;
the bolt head clamping device 1 comprises a connecting electric slide block 11, a moving frame 12, a rotating motor 13, a rotating frame 14, a rotating plate 15, four clamping claws 16, an annular plate 17, four convex plates 18, a connecting frame 19, a working motor 20 and an adjusting mechanism 21, wherein the connecting electric slide block 11 is symmetrically arranged at the right end of a main board 3, the moving frame 12 is arranged on the connecting electric slide block 11, the rotating motor 13 is arranged at the upper end of the moving frame 12, the rotating frame 14 is arranged on an output shaft of the rotating motor 13, the rotating plate 15 is arranged at the front end of the rotating frame 14, four sliding grooves are uniformly arranged on the rotating plate 15 along the circumferential direction, the rotating groove is arranged at the middle part of the rotating plate 15, one clamping claw 16 is arranged in each sliding groove, the working motor 20 is arranged at the lower end of the rotating plate 15 through a motor base, the connecting frame 19 is arranged on the output shaft of the working motor 20, the front end of the connecting frame 19 is arranged at the front end of the annular plate 17, the four, each convex plate 18 corresponds to one clamping claw 16, and an adjusting mechanism 21 is arranged in each rotary groove;
the thread rolling device 4 comprises an auxiliary electric slider 41, a translation frame 42, a static plate 43, a pushing cylinder 44, an auxiliary plate 45, a pressing cylinder 46 and a movable plate 47, wherein the auxiliary electric slider 41 is symmetrically arranged at the left end of the main board 3, the translation frame 42 is arranged on the auxiliary electric slider 41, the static plate 43 is arranged on the translation frame 42, the pushing cylinder 44 is arranged on the upper side of the rear end of the translation frame 42, the top end of the pushing cylinder 44 is arranged on the auxiliary plate 45, the pressing cylinder 46 is symmetrically arranged at the lower end of the auxiliary plate 45, the top end of the pressing cylinder 46 is arranged on the movable plate 47 through a flange, and the movable plate 47 corresponds to the static plate 43;
step four, quenching treatment: quenching the blank obtained in the step three in a RYD-45-6 salt bath furnace, controlling the temperature at 800-850 ℃, the temperature rise time at 7-9 minutes and the heat preservation time at 60-70 minutes;
step five, tempering treatment, namely tempering the blank obtained after quenching in the step four in a nitrate furnace XI L-35-5, wherein the tempering temperature is controlled at 500-550 ℃, the temperature rise time is 65-70 minutes, and the heat preservation time is 90-95 minutes;
step six, surface treatment: and D, immersing the semi-finished product obtained in the step five in a plating bath dissolving zinc at the temperature of 500 ℃, and forming an anti-rust layer on the outer surface of the immersed semi-finished product.
The clamping jaws 16 in the third step include auxiliary sliding grooves 161, auxiliary sliding blocks 162, clamping plates 163, angle plates 164, pressing wheels 165, angle cylinders 166, connecting columns 167 and compression springs 168, the auxiliary sliding grooves 161 are symmetrically installed in the sliding grooves, the auxiliary sliding grooves 161 are connected with the auxiliary sliding blocks 162 in a sliding fit mode, the auxiliary sliding blocks 162 are installed on the clamping plates 163, the angle plates 164 are installed at the left ends of the clamping plates 163 through pin shafts, the angle cylinders 166 are installed between the angle plates 164 and the clamping plates 163 through pin shafts, the pressing wheels 165 are installed at the lower ends of the angle plates 164 through pin shafts, the connecting columns 167 are installed at the right ends of the clamping plates 163, the compression springs 168 are connected between the connecting columns 167 and the rotating plates 15, when the clamping device works specifically, the heads of the blank bolts processed in the second step are placed into the four clamping jaws 16, the working motors 20 on the bolt head clamping device 1 drive the annular plates 17 to rotate, the four protruding plates 18 extrude the connecting columns 167 to enable the, the angle cylinder 166 drives the angle plate 164 to compress the head of the blank bolt for the second time, when the bolt is loosened, the working motor 20 drives the annular plate 17 to rotate reversely, the compression spring 168 drives the clamping plate 163 to reset, the bolt head clamping device 1 drives the clamping claw 16 to clamp the blank bolt, the adjusting mechanism 21 is matched to clamp the blank bolt for the second time, the bolt is not easy to shake during thread machining, the phenomenon that the surface of a thread tooth is separated or is randomly buckled can not occur, the consumed time is short, the operation is simple, the labor intensity is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
The adjusting mechanism 21 in the third step comprises a circular sliding groove 211, a circular sliding block 212, a circular plate 213, a linear plate 214, an adjusting plate 215, an auxiliary frame 216, a telescopic cylinder 217, a rack 218, a gear 219 and a motor 220, wherein the circular sliding groove 211 is arranged in the rotating groove, the circular sliding groove 211 is connected with the circular sliding block 212 in a sliding fit manner, the circular sliding block 212 is arranged on the circular plate 213, the linear plate 214 is arranged at the left end of the circular plate 213, an inlet and outlet groove is formed in the middle of the circular plate 213, the telescopic cylinders 217 are symmetrically arranged at the right end of the circular plate 213, the top end of the telescopic cylinder 217 is arranged on the auxiliary frame 216, the adjusting plate 215 is arranged in the middle of the auxiliary frame 216, the adjusting plate 215 is positioned in the inlet and outlet groove, the rack 218 is arranged on the outer side of the left end of the circular plate 213, the rack 218 is engaged with the gear 219, the gear 219 is arranged on an output shaft of the, insert according to the regulation of blank bolt head, when being the straight flute, telescopic cylinder 217 drives regulating plate 215 and adjusts right, and when being the cross recess, regulating plate 215 keeps unchangeable, inserts the back that finishes, and even motor 220 drives the blank bolt after inserting and rotates for the blank bolt rotates suitable position, and adjustment mechanism 21 carries out the secondary to the blank bolt and presss from both sides tightly, presss from both sides tightly more fastening, easy operation.
Protruding board 18 in step three is the semicircular structure, and protruding board 18 hugs closely on the outer wall of spliced pole 167, and protruding board 18 extrudees spliced pole 167 and makes splint 163 inwards move, and four splint 163 press from both sides tightly blank bolt, easy operation.
The third step is that a first tooth-shaped groove with equal pitch is formed in the static plate 43, a second tooth-shaped groove with equal pitch is formed in the movable plate 47, and the first tooth-shaped groove and the second tooth-shaped groove are identical in structure and size.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.