CN109220875B - Automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training - Google Patents
Automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109220875B CN109220875B CN201810967816.XA CN201810967816A CN109220875B CN 109220875 B CN109220875 B CN 109220875B CN 201810967816 A CN201810967816 A CN 201810967816A CN 109220875 B CN109220875 B CN 109220875B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pure tone
- stimulation
- macaque
- button
- frequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000282553 Macaca Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 230000004979 auditory behavior Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000009436 Actinidia deliciosa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003542 behavioural effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003926 auditory cortex Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000542 thalamic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000019771 cognition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000320 geniculate body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
- A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices ; Toys specially adapted for animals
- A01K15/027—Exercising equipment, e.g. tread mills, carousels
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training, which is divided into a lower computer and an upper computer; the lower computer comprises a main controller, a loudspeaker, a button, a metal drinking water pipe, an electromagnetic valve, an infusion hose and a drinking water container; the loudspeaker horn faces to the right side of the kiwi fruit cage and is used for playing auditory stimulation; the button is arranged right in front of the kiwi fruit cage; the metal drinking pipe is arranged above the button and used for providing drinking water with reward property for the macaque; the master controller collects behavior data of a macaque button in real time and receives training instructions from the upper computer to complete different control tasks of auditory behavior training; the upper computer collects the behavior data of the macaque button pressing sent by the main controller and issues corresponding auditory stimulation tasks and rewarding drinking tasks. The method can train the distinguishing behavior of the macaque to the new abnormal sound stimulation without fixing the macaque, and collects the behavior data of the macaque in real time through the main controller and the upper computer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of neurobiology, and particularly relates to an automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training.
Background
Neurobiological studies have shown that most of the brain auditory neurons exhibit sensitivity to novel abnormal acoustic stimuli. In the natural environment, humans and animals need to perceive and respond in a timely manner to various changes in the environment. It is a vital ability for an animal to respond in time to new abnormal pure tone stimuli or events in the surrounding environment. stimulation-Specific Adaptation (SSA) refers to the phenomenon that certain neurons in the sensory center respond more strongly to a new Stimulus (small probability Stimulus events) than to a standard Stimulus (large probability events). The macaque is used as a common experimental animal for researching the hearing of a non-human primate, and is beneficial to researching the issuing behaviors of the inside geniculate nucleus auditory area of the brain, the thalamic reticular nucleus auditory area or auditory cortex neuron of the macaque to external new abnormal sound stimulation and the mutual correlation by training the distinguishing capability of the macaque to the new abnormal sound stimulation. Meanwhile, it is of great importance to deeply understand thalamic function and how the auditory cortex participates in various advanced cognitive processes and behavioral decisions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training, which can train the distinguishing behavior of a macaque to new abnormal pure tone stimulation without fixing the macaque, adopts a button as a macaque behavior sensing sensor and triggers a lower computer main controller to acquire the macaque auditory distinguishing behavior data in real time.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training mainly comprises an upper computer and a lower computer; the lower computer comprises a main controller, a loudspeaker, a button, a metal drinking pipe (such as a stainless steel drinking pipe, which can better prevent damage), an electromagnetic valve, an infusion hose and a graduated drinking container (such as a plastic measuring cup with the measuring range of 500 ml, which is used for recording the daily drinking amount of the macaque); the loudspeaker is connected to the main controller, faces to the right side of the kiwi fruit cage and is used for playing auditory stimulation; the button is arranged right in front of the kiwi fruit cage and connected to the main controller; the metal drinking water pipe is arranged above the button and connected with the infusion hose and is used for providing drinking water with reward property for the macaque; the transfusion hose is connected to the drinking container through the electromagnetic valve;
the method comprises the following steps that a main controller collects behavior data of pressing a button of a macaque in real time, and the macaque immediately sends a corresponding trigger signal to an upper computer each time the button is pressed; meanwhile, the master controller receives training instructions from the upper computer to complete the control task of the auditory behavior training of different parameter combinations in the upper computer; the training instructions include: the pure sound frequency of the sound stimulation output to the loudspeaker, the moment when the sound stimulation is played by the loudspeaker, the duration time of the sound stimulation of the loudspeaker, and the moment and duration of turning on a water pump of the drinking water pipe;
the main controller is responsible for receiving pure tone frequency and amplitude data transmitted by the upper computer and finally playing pure tone stimulation of corresponding frequency through the loudspeaker; the main controller controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, when the electromagnetic valve is opened, water in the drinking container flows into the drinking pipe through the electromagnetic valve and the infusion hose, and when the electromagnetic valve is closed, water in the drinking container cannot flow into the drinking pipe through the infusion hose through the electromagnetic valve.
Furthermore, the upper computer comprises 6 parts of pure tone stimulation mode parameter setting, singular ball parameter setting, reward time parameter setting, punishment parameter setting, extra parameter setting and parameter setting when no button is pressed during standard pure tone stimulation;
the pure tone stimulation mode parameter setting comprises the following steps: setting the interval time t of each pure tone stimulation combinationblock(unit: second), setting the interval time t of each pure tone stimulation in each pure tone stimulation combinationinter(unit: second), setting a macaque button response effective time window twin(unit: second);
the singular ball parameter setting comprises: setting the proportion of standard pure tone stimulation to new abnormal pure tone stimulation (in the combination of a plurality of standard pure tone stimulation and new abnormal pure tone stimulation, the number of the new abnormal pure tone stimulation is 1), setting the difference value of the standard pure tone stimulation and the new abnormal pure tone stimulation (namely the minimum ratio of the standard pure tone stimulation frequency to the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency or the minimum ratio of the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency to the standard pure tone stimulation frequency), and setting the appearance proportion a of the standard pure tone stimulation frequency being greater than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency1(a1∈[0，1]) And the appearance ratio a of "the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is less than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency2(where a)2∈[0，1]And a is2＝1-a1) Setting the frequency f1When f is within a range1At the standard pure tone stimulation frequency, f2Becomes a new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency) (unit: Hertz), the set frequency f2When f is within a range2At the standard pure tone stimulation frequency, f1Becomes a new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency) (unit: Hertz), the set frequency f1Duration t1Is set to the frequency f2Duration t2Is set, a frequency duration difference ratio (t) is set1And t2Minimum ratio of (a) or (t)2And t1Minimum ratio of) setting the frequency f1Corresponding to the amplitude A of the pure tone1(unit: volt), set frequency f2Corresponding to the amplitude A of the pure tone2(unit: volt);
the reward time parameter setting comprises: when the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is larger than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency, the reward time (the reward time is the water supply duration of a water pipe or the time when a corresponding water pump is turned on) when the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is higher than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency and the reward time (unit: second) when the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency is higher than the standard abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency are set; setting the reward time of the standard pure tone stimulation frequency and the reward time (unit: second) of the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency when the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is smaller than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency;
the setting of the penalty parameter comprises the following steps: when the button is pressed before the new abnormal pure tone stimulation after the standard pure tone stimulation, the number of the standard pure tone stimulation is increased, namely if the button is pressed at the time, the new abnormal pure tone stimulation is not started, and a plurality of standard pure tone stimulation is added as punishment;
the additional parameter settings include: when the macaque presses a button within the valid time window after the new iso-pure tone stimulation and there are 6, 7 or 8 standard pure tone stimulations before the new iso-pure tone stimulation, the reward time setting (unit: second);
the parameter setting when no button is pressed during standard pure tone stimulation comprises the following steps: with standard pure tone stimulation, the button is not pressed for the bonus time setting (units: seconds).
Further, the training instruction of host computer divide into 3 training stages: training stage 1, training stage 2 and training stage 3:
1, training stage: in the stage, the macaque is guided to drink water through the keys, and sound stimulation, drinking water and the keys are associated;
and 2, training stage: the training stage 1 is trained until the macaque can understand that water is drunk by keys, and then the macaque is switched into the stage 2, the stage is mainly used for training the behavior of pure tone stimulation water taking of the macaque, namely after the pure tone stimulation is heard, water exists in the keys in an effective time window, and no water exists when the keys are pressed at other times;
and 3, training stage: the 2 nd training stage trains to the kiwi fruit understand then can get into the 3 rd stage after hearing the amazing back quick button drinking water of pure tone, and this stage needs to add new different pure tone amazing, and the key lets the kiwi fruit distinguish new different pure tone amazing, just can drink water hearing the amazing back of new different pure tone and pressing the button in the time window of settlement.
Further, in the 1 st training stage, when the macaque presses the button each time, the main controller sends the pressing moment of the button to the upper computer, and the upper computer records the pressing moment in real time; meanwhile, the main controller outputs pure sound, after the pure sound is played, the main controller turns on the water pump, the water pipe discharges water, the water pump is turned off after the set time, and the water pipe stops discharging water.
Furthermore, in the process of the 2 nd training stage, after the pure tone stimulation is sent out, the system needs to detect that the key is pressed within a set time to supply water, otherwise, the water is not supplied; the parameter can be adjusted in real time by combining the daily learning condition of the macaque, and the parameter adjusting rule is as follows: after pure tone stimulation is given, the macaque can press the button in shorter time to drink better, and the button can be pressed in other time periods for fewer times to drink better.
Furthermore, in the 3 rd training stage, water is not supplied even if a key is pressed in the effective window after the standard pure tone stimulation, and water is supplied when a key is pressed in the effective window after the new abnormal pure tone stimulation; in the stage, parameters of next training are adjusted in real time by combining with the daily behavior data of the macaque, and the parameter adjustment criterion is as follows: the macaque does not press the key after the standard pure tone stimulation, but quickly presses the key to drink water after hearing the stimulation of the new different pure tone.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device can train the distinguishing behavior of the macaque to the new abnormal pure tone stimulation, the button is used as a macaque behavior sensor, the time for pressing the button each time is recorded, and the statistical data of the distinguishing behavior of the macaque to the new abnormal pure tone stimulation is analyzed by combining the time of the standard sound stimulation and the time of the new abnormal pure tone stimulation. The system does not need to carry out fixed training on the macaque, can lead the macaque to freely learn in the monkey cage, is favorable for accelerating the training of the auditory resolution capability stimulated by the fresh sound of the macaque, and has certain significance for the subsequent research of the sending behavior of the inside geniculate body of the brain, the thalamic reticular nuclear auditory area or the auditory cortex neuron of the macaque to the external new abnormal sound stimulation and the mutual correlation. Meanwhile, the method has important significance for deeply knowing the thalamic function and understanding how auditory cortex participates in advanced cognitive processes and behavior decisions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a hardware block diagram of the lower computer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the upper computer software interface of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pure tone stimulation waveform;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the singular ball (Oddball) process;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the Choice Window parameter;
fig. 7 is an example of macaque behavioral data and analysis; (a) pressing a statistical histogram of a button after the macaque stimulates the standard pure tone and the new abnormal pure tone; (b) a scatter plot of macaque button press behavior data after the stimulation of the new abnormal pure tone; (c) a scatter plot of macaque button press behavior data after standard pure tone stimulation; (d) a block profile of macaque behavior without button press before stimulation with new iso-pure tone.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides an automated system for macaque auditory behavior training, which mainly includes: an upper computer and a lower computer.
As shown in fig. 1, an automated system component module for macaque auditory behavior training comprises: (1) monitoring and data storage by upper computer software; (2) a lower computer main controller; (3) a speaker; (4) the water drinking device comprises a metal water drinking pipe (made of stainless steel), an electromagnetic valve, an infusion hose and a water drinking container with scales, (5) a button, (6) a kiwi fruit cage, (7) a main controller driving program and (8) a software monitoring program.
As shown in fig. 1, the lower computer main controller (2) outputs a pure tone signal to the speaker (3). The lower computer main controller (2) outputs a control signal to control the water drinking device (4). The lower computer main controller (2) collects the state of the button (5) in real time.
As shown in fig. 2, the lower computer comprises a main controller (model: CED POWER1401-3), a speaker S1(SADA active speaker, model: D-201, voltage and current: USB/DC 5V 600mA), a button K1 (normally closed one-position two-link rebound switch, model: HA261-2-WH), a metal drinking water pipe D1 (metal: stainless steel, size: 50mm long, 3mm inner diameter,outer diameter 4mm), one solenoid valve M1 (model: Parker-VAC-50-PSIG), an infusion hose K2 and a graduated drinking vessel B1 (measuring range: 500 ml); the loudspeaker S1 is connected to the DAC Output 0 port of the main controller CED POWER1401-3 through a BNC interface, the horn mouth of the loudspeaker S1 faces to the right side of the kiwi fruit cage and is used for playing the frequency f1Or f2Pure tone auditory stimuli of (1); the button K1 is installed right in front of the kiwi fruit cage, the button K1 is connected to an EventInput 0 port of a CED POWER1401-3 of the main controller and is used for collecting behavior data when the kiwi fruit presses the button K1; the main controller can detect the state of the button K1 in real time, and when the macaque presses the button K1 each time, the main controller can immediately send corresponding trigger information to the upper computer software in a mode of responding to external hardware interruption (IDE version of the upper computer software: SPIKE 28.03, development Language: SPIKE2 Script Language); the metal drinking water pipe D1 is arranged above the button K1, and the metal drinking water pipe D1 is connected with the infusion hose K2 and used for providing drinking water with reward property for the macaques; the transfusion hose is connected to a plastic drinking container B1 after passing through an electromagnetic valve M1; the electromagnetic valve M1 is connected to a Digital Output 0 port of the main controller through a DC/DC converter C1 and a BNC interface; the DC/DC converter realizes the conversion from 5V voltage of the main controller to 12V voltage; the main controller collects the behavior data of the macaque button in real time through the button K1, and receives training instructions from the upper computer to complete different control tasks of auditory behavior training; the main controller is responsible for receiving sound frequency data transmitted by the upper computer and finally playing pure-tone stimulation of corresponding frequency through a loudspeaker S1; the main controller controls the on-off and the on-off of the electromagnetic valve M1, when the electromagnetic valve M1 is opened, water in the drinking container B1 can flow into the metal drinking pipe D1 through the electromagnetic valve M1 and the infusion hose K2, and when the electromagnetic valve M1 is closed, water in the drinking container B1 cannot flow into the metal drinking pipe D1 through the infusion hose K2 through the electromagnetic valve M1. Programming language adopted by the main controller driver: SPIKE2 Output sequencerInstructions.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper computer software mainly includes 6 parts, namely, pure tone stimulation mode parameter Setting (Time Setting), singular ball parameter Setting (odd ball Setting), Reward Time parameter Setting (Reward Time Setting), penalty parameter Setting (Punishment Setting), Extra parameter Setting (Extra Setting), and parameter Setting when no button is pressed during standard pure tone stimulation (Std Without Setting).
As shown in fig. 3, the pure tone stimulation mode parameter Setting (Time Setting) included in the upper computer includes Setting an Interval Time (Inter-Block-Interval) of each pure tone stimulation combination, Setting an Interval Time (Inter-stimulus-Interval) of each pure tone stimulation in each pure tone stimulation combination, and Setting a macaque button response effective Time window (ChoiceWindow), that is, how many times a button is pressed from the beginning of the output sound stimulation Time is considered as an effective response of the macaque behavior, where the Time Interval is a Time window.
The singular ball (Oddball) concept in the singular ball parameter setting refers to: in a sound stimulation sequence, a standard pure tone stimulation sequence with higher occurrence probability is added with another stimulation with lower occurrence probability, namely a new abnormal pure tone stimulation. For example, in an acoustic stimulation sequence, there are two frequencies of sound (pure tone frequency f)1And pure tone frequency f2)，f1The probability of occurrence is 90%, f2The probability of occurrence is 10%, then in this sequence f1Is the standard pure tone stimulation frequency, f2The new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency. Frequency f1Amplitude of A1The output signal of pure tone of (a) may be expressed as: s1(t)＝A1*sin(2*PI*f1T), frequency f)2Amplitude of A2The output signal of pure tone of (a) may be expressed as: s2(t)＝A2*sin(2*PI*f2*t)。f1And f2The ratio of the probability of occurrence is 9: 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the singularity sphere parameter Setting (odd ball Setting) included in the upper computer includes Setting a Standard-to-novel pure tone stimulation Ratio (Standard-to-development Ratio), Setting a new-to-novel pure tone stimulation Ratio value to be 1, Setting a Standard-to-novel pure tone stimulation Ratio value to be an integer n, Setting a Standard-to-novel pure tone stimulation difference value, and Setting a Standard pure tone stimulation frequency to be greater than a Ratio ([ fs) between a new-to-novel pure tone stimulation frequency and a Standard pure tone stimulation frequency to be less than a new-to-novel pure tone stimulation frequency>fd]:[fs<fd]Ratio), sets the frequencyf1Value range of (Frequency f)1) Setting the frequency f2Value range of (Frequency f)2) Setting the frequency f1Duration value range (Duration f)1) Setting the frequency f2Duration value range (Duration f)2) Setting a frequency duration difference ratio (duration difference)>Either), a set frequency f1Corresponding to the Amplitude (Amplitude f) of the pure tone1) Setting the frequency f2Corresponding to the Amplitude (Amplitude f) of the pure tone2). Frequency f1And f2And randomly taking values in the set value range in each stimulation combination.
As shown in fig. 3, the Reward Time parameter Setting (rewarded Time Setting) included in the upper computer includes: setting when the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is larger than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency (f)s>fd) A Standard time for Standard pure tone stimulation frequency (Standard) and a Deviant time for new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency (Deviant); setting when the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is less than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency (f)s<fd) The Standard pure tone stimulation frequency (Standard) and the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency (Deviant).
As shown in fig. 3, the penalty parameter Setting (Punishment Setting) included in the upper computer includes: when a button is pressed before a new abnormal pure tone stimulus after the standard pure tone stimulus, the number of the standard pure tone stimuli is increased (the option is valid if the rails before dev is checked, and the option is invalid if the Punishment check box is not checked).
As shown in fig. 3, the additional parameter Setting (Extra Setting) included in the upper computer includes: the new alien pure tone stimulation is preceded by 6, 7, or 8 standard pure tone stimulations, with the Reward time set (6-7-8 Std before Dev/Rewardtime: an Extra Reward check box checked if this option is valid, an Extra Reward check box not checked if this option is invalid).
As shown in fig. 3, the parameter Setting (stdwoutsetting) when the upper computer includes a standard pure tone stimulus without a button press includes: the Reward Time is not pressed by the button at standard pure tone stimulation (a Reward Time: a stdwoutpressing before dev check box checks that option is valid, and a stdwoutpressing before check box does not check that option is invalid).
As shown in FIG. 4, the total time length of the tone-Pure (Pure tone) stimulation adopted by the present invention is Tms, and the frequency of the Pure tone is f0Including a rise time of 5ms, a fall time of 5ms and T0Platform time of (T-10) ms. Here, the total time Duration of a pure tone stimulation may be a standard pure tone stimulation or a new abnormal pure tone stimulation, Duration f in FIG. 31Or Duration f2Is arranged inside. Here, the tone-only stimulation Frequency may be a standard tone-only stimulation or a new abnormal tone-only stimulation, Frequency f in FIG. 31Or Frequency f2And randomly taking values in the corresponding interval range.
As shown in fig. 5, in fig. 5 (upper) diagram: black filled circle indicates frequency f1Standard pure tone stimulation, black solid squares indicate frequency f2New abnormal pure tone stimulation of, tinterRepresenting the interval between two adjacent sound stimuli, tblockRepresenting the interval, t, between two adjacent pure tone stimulus combinationsinterInterval time (Inter-Stimuli-Interval), t, corresponding to the pure tone stimulation in FIG. 3blockThe interval time corresponding to each combination of pure tone stimuli corresponds to a Standard-Deviant Ratio of 8:1 for the Standard pure tone stimuli to the new abnormal pure tone stimuli in fig. 3. Thus each pure tone stimulation combination comprises 8 standard pure tone stimulations of the same frequency and 1 new abnormal pure tone stimulation, and the combination is t in the whole training processblockThe stimulation frequencies of the standard pure tone and the new abnormal pure tone which are randomly generated are adopted again before each occurrence until the training is terminated.
As shown in fig. 5, in fig. 5 (lower): black solid squares indicate frequency f2Standard pure tone stimulation, black filled circles representing frequency f1New abnormal pure tone stimulation of, tinterRepresenting the interval between two adjacent sound stimuli, tblockRepresenting the interval, t, between two adjacent pure tone stimulus combinationsinterCorresponding to the pure tone stimulation of fig. 3Interval (Inter-Stimuli-Interval), tblockThe interval time corresponding to each combination of pure tone stimuli corresponds to a Standard-Deviant Ratio of 8:1 for the Standard pure tone stimuli to the new abnormal pure tone stimuli in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 6, t in fig. 6wThe Choice Window parameter in FIG. 3 is shown, after the standard pure tone stimulation or the new abnormal pure tone stimulation is finished, if the macaque is in the effective time Window twPressing the button internally indicates that the behavior is valid, and the rewarded Time Setting in fig. 3 can set the water supply rewarded Time for the corresponding situation.
As shown in fig. 7, the ratio of standard pure tone stimulation to new iso-pure tone stimulation is 10:1(26010:2601) in each combination of pure tone stimulation, i.e. 1 new iso-pure tone stimulation appears after each 10 standard pure tone stimulation. Fig. 7(a) illustrates that the key pressing time of the trained macaque after the stimulation of new abnormal pure tone is mainly concentrated in 300-400 ms, and almost no key pressing behavior exists after the stimulation of standard pure tone; FIGS. 7(b) and 7(c) are a behavior scattergram for a new abnormal-sound pure-sound stimulus and a behavior scattergram for a standard pure-sound stimulus, respectively; fig. 7(d) shows that after the press button action of the trained macaque is mainly focused on the standard pure tone stimulation under the normal condition, the abscissa in fig. 7(d) takes a value to show the number of the added standard pure tone stimulation for punishment, and as shown in fig. 7(d), the macaque press button action is focused on the time when the punishment number is 0.
The macaque auditory behavior training process is illustrated, and the training process is divided into 3 training stages: training stage 1, training stage 2 and training stage 3:
1, training stage: this stage guides the macaque to drink water through the button to with sound stimulation, drinking water and button carry out the correlation. This Stage is the simplest mode, and training is started by pressing the "First Stage Start" button shown in fig. 3 without filling in training parameters. When the macaque presses the button K1 in the figure 2 each time, the CED POWER1401-3 of the main controller sends the pressing moment of the button K1 to the upper computer software, and the upper computer software records in real time. Meanwhile, the main controller CED POWER1401-3 Outputs pure sound with the frequency of 500Hz through the DACOutputs, the duration time of the pure sound is 100ms, after the pure sound is played, the main controller CEDPOWER1401-3 Outputs 5V high level through the Digital Outputs 0 to open a water pump and a drinking water pipe to discharge water, after the high level lasts 300ms, the Digital Outputs 0V low level is output to close the water pump, and the drinking water pipe D1 stops discharging water. In the stage, the training is carried out for 3-4 hours every day, and generally, the training is carried out for 3 days.
And 2, training stage: the 1 st training stage trains to the kiwi fruit and understands through the button drinking water after, can switch into the 2 nd stage. In the stage, the macaque is mainly trained to listen to the behavior of sound stimulation water taking, namely after the sound stimulation is heard, the key is pressed in the effective time window to have water, and the key is pressed at other times to have no water. The purpose of this stage is after training the kiwi fruit and hearing the sound stimulus, and the button drinking water immediately. Table 1 gives an example of some phase 2 training parameters. Under the training parameters, since the Standard-deviant ratio parameter is 1:1, each pure tone stimulation combination only contains 1 Standard pure tone stimulation and 1 new abnormal pure tone stimulation. Adjacent pure tone stimulation combination intervals are 12s (Inter-Block-Interval), each combination has an internal pure tone stimulation Interval of 6s (Inter-stimulus-Interval), namely, every 6s, a pure tone stimulation is output every 6s from the start of training, the pure tone frequency value of each stimulation is randomly generated between 300 Hz and 8000Hz, f1Corresponding amplitude of 4V, f2The corresponding amplitude is 8V, and the value range of the sound amplitude is 0-10V. The value of Choice Window is 0.0-4.0 s, namely after the pure tone stimulation is sent out, the system must detect the key press within 4.0s to give drinking water for 0.15s, otherwise, no water is given. Due to Duration f1And Duration f2The value is limited to 0.1s, so that the Duration of the sound stimulus is constant at 0.1s and the Duration ratio is constant at 1(Duration Difference). And 2, continuously training for 3-4 hours every day, and adjusting parameters in real time by combining the daily learning condition of the macaque. Parameter adjustment criteria: after pure tone stimulation is given, the macaque can press the button in shorter time to drink better, and the button can be pressed in other time periods for fewer times to drink better. Different macaque training parameters have certain differences due to certain differences of different macaque behavior abilities.
Table 1 example phase 2 training parameter settings
| Inter-Block-Interval: | 12s | Duration f2: | 0.1～0.1s |
| Inter-Stimuli-Interval: | 6s | Duration Difference>＝: | 1 |
| Choice Window: | 0.0～4.0s | Amplitude f1: | 4.0V |
| Standard-Deviant Ratio: | 1:1 | Amplitude f2: | 8.0V |
| Standard-Deviant Difference>＝: | 1.3 | fs>fdStandard: | 0.15s |
| [fs>fd]:[fs<fd]Ratio: | 1.0:1.0 | fs>fd Deviant: | 0.15s |
| Frequency f1: | 300～8000Hz | fs<fd Standard: | 0.15s |
| Frequency f2: | 300～8000Hz | fs<fd Deviant: | 0.15s |
| Duration f1: | 0.1-0.1s |
And 3, training stage: the 2 nd training stage trains until the macaque understands that after hearing pure tone stimulation, the macaque can enter the 3 rd stage (the Choice Window parameter is 0.0-0.5 s) after quickly keying drinking water. The new abnormal pure tone stimulation is needed to be added in the stage, the macaque is emphatically enabled to distinguish the new abnormal pure tone stimulation, and drinking can be realized only by pressing the key in a set time window after hearing the new abnormal pure tone stimulation. And adding certain penalty according to the situation. Table 2, in conjunction with fig. 3, gives an example of certain phase 3 training parameters. An Inter-Block-Interval parameter of 8s indicates a period of 8s for each pure tone combination. The Standard-Deviant Ratio is 8:1, 1 new abnormal pure tone stimulation is output after every 8 Standard pure tone stimulations are finished, the Interval of the Standard pure tone stimulation is 0.5s (Inter-Stimuli-Interval is 0.5s), and the duration time of the pure tone stimulation is 0.1s (Du)ration f1And Duration f2All 0.1s), pure tone stimulation frequency f1The value range is 500-4000 Hz, and the pure tone stimulation frequency f2The value range is 6000-8000 Hz, each group of pure tone combination is randomly valued in a designated range before being output, and f is useds>fd]:[fs<fd]A ratio of 0.4:0.6, wherein fsRepresenting the standard pure tone stimulation frequency, fdRepresenting the new isocaloric stimulation frequency. Assuming that 1000 pure tone combinations are generated in a certain training in stage 3, the number of combinations with standard pure tone stimulation frequency higher than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency is 400, and the number of combinations with standard pure tone stimulation frequency lower than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency is 600 in the 1000 combinations. Note that fs>fdOr fs<fdWhen the Standard water supply time is 0.0s and the Deviant water supply time is 0.3s, the water is not supplied even if a key is pressed in the effective window after the Standard pure tone stimulation, and the water is supplied for 0.3s when the effective window is pressed in the new abnormal pure tone stimulation. And in the 3 rd stage, parameters of next training are adjusted in real time by combining the daily behavior data of the macaque. Parameter adjustment criteria: the macaque does not press a key after the standard pure tone stimulation, but quickly presses a key to drink water after hearing the new abnormal pure tone stimulation, and the behavior generates certain statistics instead of accidental behavior.
Table 2 example of phase 3 training parameter settings
| Inter-Block-Interval: | 8s | Duration f2: | 0.1～0.1s |
| Inter-Stimuli-Interval: | 0.5s | Duration Difference>＝: | 1 |
| Choice Window: | 0.0～0.7s | Amplitude f1: | 4.0V |
| Standard-Deviant Ratio: | 8:1 | Amplitude f2: | 8.0V |
| Standard-Deviant Difference>＝: | 1.3 | fs>fd Standard: | 0.0s |
| [fs>fd]:[fs<fd]Ratio: | 0.4:0.6 | fs>fd Deviant: | 0.3s |
| Frequency f1: | 500～4000Hz | fs<fd Standard: | 0.0s |
| Frequency f2: | 6000～8000Hz | fs<fd Deviant: | 0.3s |
| Duration f1: | 0.1-0.1s |
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, and all such embodiments are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training is characterized in that the system is divided into an upper computer and a lower computer; the lower computer comprises a main controller, a loudspeaker, a button, a metal drinking water pipe, an electromagnetic valve, an infusion hose and a water drinking container with scales; the loudspeaker is connected to the main controller, faces to the right side of the kiwi fruit cage and is used for playing auditory stimulation; the button is arranged right in front of the kiwi fruit cage and connected to the main controller; the metal drinking water pipe is arranged above the button and connected with the infusion hose and is used for providing drinking water with reward property for the macaque; the transfusion hose is connected to the drinking container through the electromagnetic valve;
the method comprises the following steps that a main controller collects behavior data of pressing a button of a macaque in real time, and the macaque immediately sends a corresponding trigger signal to an upper computer each time the button is pressed; meanwhile, the master controller receives training instructions from the upper computer to complete the control task of the auditory behavior training of different parameter combinations in the upper computer; the training instructions include: the pure sound frequency of the sound stimulation output to the loudspeaker, the moment when the sound stimulation is played by the loudspeaker, the duration time of the sound stimulation of the loudspeaker, and the moment and duration of turning on a water pump of the drinking water pipe;
the main controller is responsible for receiving pure tone frequency and amplitude data transmitted by the upper computer and finally playing pure tone stimulation of corresponding frequency through the loudspeaker; the main controller controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve, when the electromagnetic valve is opened, water in the drinking container flows into the drinking pipe through the electromagnetic valve and the infusion hose, and when the electromagnetic valve is closed, the water in the drinking container cannot flow into the drinking pipe through the infusion hose through the electromagnetic valve;
the upper computer comprises 6 parts including pure tone stimulation mode parameter setting, singular ball parameter setting, reward time parameter setting, punishment parameter setting, extra parameter setting and parameter setting when no button is pressed during standard pure tone stimulation;
the pure tone stimulation mode parameter setting comprises the following steps: setting the interval time of each pure tone stimulation combination, setting the interval time of each pure tone stimulation in each pure tone stimulation combination, and setting a macaque button response effective time window;
the singular ball parameter setting comprises: setting the stimulation ratio of standard pure tone stimulation to new abnormal pure tone stimulation, setting the difference value between the standard pure tone stimulation and the new abnormal pure tone stimulation, setting the appearance ratio of 'standard pure tone stimulation frequency is greater than the stimulation frequency of new abnormal pure tone' and 'standard pure tone stimulation frequency is less than the stimulation frequency of new abnormal pure tone', setting the frequency f1Setting the frequency f2A value range of (f)1≠f2Setting the frequency f1Value range of duration, setting frequency f2The value range of the duration, the frequency duration difference ratio and the frequency f1Setting the frequency f corresponding to the amplitude of the pure tone2The amplitude of the corresponding pure tone;
the reward time parameter setting comprises: setting the reward time of the standard pure tone stimulation frequency and the reward time of the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency when the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is larger than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency; setting the reward time of the standard pure tone stimulation frequency and the reward time of the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency when the standard pure tone stimulation frequency is smaller than the new abnormal pure tone stimulation frequency;
the setting of the penalty parameter comprises the following steps: the number of standard pure tone stimulation is increased when the button is pressed before the new abnormal pure tone stimulation after the standard pure tone stimulation;
the additional parameter settings include: when the macaque presses the button in the effective time window after the new abnormal pure tone stimulation, and 6 times, 7 times or 8 times of standard pure tone stimulation is carried out before the new abnormal pure tone stimulation, the reward time is set;
the parameter setting when no button is pressed during standard pure tone stimulation comprises the following steps: with standard pure tone stimulation, the button has no bonus time setting to press.
2. An automated system for macaque auditory behavior training according to claim 1, wherein the training instructions of the upper computer are divided into 3 training phases: training stage 1, training stage 2 and training stage 3:
1, training stage: in the stage, the macaque is guided to drink water through the keys, and sound stimulation, drinking water and the keys are associated;
and 2, training stage: the training stage 1 is trained until the macaque can understand that water is drunk by keys, and then the macaque is switched into the stage 2, the stage is mainly used for training the behavior of pure tone stimulation water taking of the macaque, namely after the pure tone stimulation is heard, water exists in the keys in an effective time window, and no water exists when the keys are pressed at other times;
and 3, training stage: the 2 nd training stage trains to the kiwi fruit understand then can get into the 3 rd stage after hearing the amazing back quick button drinking water of pure tone, and this stage needs to add new different pure tone amazing, and the key lets the kiwi fruit distinguish new different pure tone amazing, just can drink water hearing the amazing back of new different pure tone and pressing the button in the time window of settlement.
3. The automated system for macaque auditory behavior training according to claim 2, wherein during the 1 st training phase, each time a macaque presses a button, the master controller sends the time when the button is pressed to the upper computer, and the upper computer records the time in real time; meanwhile, the main controller outputs pure sound, after the pure sound is played, the main controller turns on the water pump, the water pipe discharges water, the water pump is turned off after the set time, and the water pipe stops discharging water.
4. An automated macaque auditory behavior training system as claimed in claim 2, wherein during the 2 nd training phase, after the pure tone stimulus is emitted, the system must detect the key press within a set time to supply water, otherwise no water is supplied; the parameter can be adjusted in real time by combining the daily learning condition of the macaque, and the parameter adjusting rule is as follows: after pure tone stimulation is given, the macaque can press the button in shorter time to drink better, and the button can be pressed in other time periods for fewer times to drink better.
5. An automated system for macaque auditory behavioral training according to claim 2, characterized in that during the 3 rd training phase, water is not supplied even if a key is pressed in the valid window after a standard pure tone stimulation, and water is supplied when a new different pure tone is pressed in the valid window after a stimulation; in the stage, parameters of next training are adjusted in real time by combining with the daily behavior data of the macaque, and the parameter adjustment criterion is as follows: the macaque does not press the key after the standard pure tone stimulation, but quickly presses the key to drink water after hearing the stimulation of the new different pure tone.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810967816.XA CN109220875B (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2018-08-23 | Automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810967816.XA CN109220875B (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2018-08-23 | Automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109220875A CN109220875A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109220875B true CN109220875B (en) | 2020-10-13 |
Family
ID=65068237
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810967816.XA Active CN109220875B (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2018-08-23 | Automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109220875B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110604065A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2019-12-24 | 高隽 | Tree shrew touch screen conditional behavior operating system |
| CN110839558B (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-07-06 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Animal auditory association matching behavioristics experimental device and experimental method |
| CN111700000B (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2022-04-05 | 华东师范大学 | Perception training method for inducing plasticity of auditory cortex for non-therapeutic purpose |
| CN114847224A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-08-05 | 华东师范大学 | Device and method for detecting sound frequency resolution capability of mouse |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015112786A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-30 | Ophthy-Ds Inc. | Enrichment apparatus and enrichment applications |
| CN108029581B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-02-21 | 浙江大学 | Automatic training system for rat auditory resolution behaviors |
-
2018
- 2018-08-23 CN CN201810967816.XA patent/CN109220875B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109220875A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN109220875B (en) | Automatic system for macaque auditory behavior training | |
| Fischer et al. | Local variation in Barbary macaque shrill barks | |
| Benson et al. | Single-unit activity in the auditory cortex of monkeys selectively attending left vs. right ear stimuli | |
| Withington‐Wray et al. | The maturation of the superior collicular map of auditory space in the guinea pig is disrupted by developmental visual deprivation | |
| Sinnott et al. | Frequency and intensity discrimination in humans and monkeys | |
| Francis et al. | Automated operant conditioning in the mouse home cage | |
| Ghazanfar et al. | Temporal cues in the antiphonal long-calling behaviour of cottontop tamarins | |
| Caras et al. | Neural variability limits adolescent skill learning | |
| Insanally et al. | Pulsed noise experience disrupts complex sound representations | |
| Vinnik et al. | Auditory stimuli elicit hippocampal neuronal responses during sleep | |
| Symmes | Discrimination of intermittent noise by macaques following lesions of the temporal lobe | |
| Vicario et al. | The relationship between perception and production in songbird vocal imitation: what learned calls can teach us | |
| Dean et al. | The effect of age and experience on inhibition of the acoustic startle response by gaps in background noise | |
| O’Connor et al. | Auditory temporal integration in the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | |
| Ison | The acoustic startle response: Reflex elicitation and reflex modification by preliminary stimuli | |
| Selezneva et al. | Category-specific neuronal activity in left and right auditory cortex and in medial geniculate body of monkeys | |
| Miasnikov et al. | Detection of an inhibitory cortical gradient underlying peak shift in learning: A neural basis for a false memory | |
| Holt et al. | Septal driving of the hippocampal theta rhythm produces a long-term, proactive and non-associative increase in resistance to extinction | |
| Gaese et al. | Discrimination of direction in fast frequency-modulated tones by rats | |
| Gold et al. | Auditory gap-in-noise detection behavior in ferrets and humans. | |
| Jeskey et al. | Modulation of prepulse inhibition by an augmented acoustic environment in DBA/2J mice. | |
| Söderlund et al. | Auditory white noise enhances cognitive performance under certain conditions: Examples from visuo-spatial working memory and dichotic listening tasks | |
| Hocherman et al. | The response of single units in the auditory cortex of rhesus monkeys to predicted and to unpredicted sound stimuli | |
| Busby et al. | Results for two children using a multiple‐electrode intracochlear implant | |
| Zhou et al. | The effect of sound duration on rate–amplitude functions of inferior collicular neurons in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |