CN109220260A - 一种构树的根插育苗方法 - Google Patents

一种构树的根插育苗方法 Download PDF

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CN109220260A
CN109220260A CN201810965161.2A CN201810965161A CN109220260A CN 109220260 A CN109220260 A CN 109220260A CN 201810965161 A CN201810965161 A CN 201810965161A CN 109220260 A CN109220260 A CN 109220260A
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蔡鸿宇
邱国金
史云光
蔡湘蓉
史婧雯
史欣瑜
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种构树的根插育苗方法,先选择背风向阳、疏松肥沃、深厚、不积水的土壤作为圃地,深耕后消毒,施入基肥,扦插前做好苗床,并搭设遮阳网;选用2年生构树母树,采集当年生树根,将插条剪成插穗,上切口为平切口,下切口为斜切口,切口平滑,扦插前将插穗于生根液中浸泡;插穗从生根液中取出后,挖开土壤,将插穗竖直向下直插,扦插后及时踏实垄面并灌水,使插穗与土壤密接;后期需进行水肥管理。本发明的扦插育苗方法通过对插穗进行生根处理,可有效提高插枝成活率,使插枝生长更健壮,加快根须细胞分化,根须生长发达,促进插枝分叉的生长,苗木生长速度快,根系发达,扦插成活率达到95%以上。

Description

一种构树的根插育苗方法
技术领域
本发明属于植物栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种构树的根插育苗方法。
背景技术
构树(Broussonetia papyrifera(Linn.)Vent)又名光叶楮、谷浆树,桑科构树属(或楮属),为落叶乔木,高10 - 20m。树冠张开,卵形至广卵形;树皮平滑,浅灰色或灰褐色,不易裂,全株含乳汁。构树具有速生、适应性强、分布广、易繁殖、热量高、轮伐期短的特点。其根系浅,侧根分布很广,生长快,萌芽力强,耐修剪。在我国的温带、热带均有分布,不论平原、丘陵或山地都能生长,其叶是很好的猪饲料,其韧皮纤维是造纸的高级原料,材质洁白,其根和种子均可入药,树液可治皮肤病,经济价值很高。
由于构树是一种优良的造纸用材树种,也是现在建立速生高产、短轮伐期的造纸工业原料林的主要树种之一,大力推广构树种植,会具有广阔的市场前景。目前构树育苗主要是扦插,但是目前扦插方法比较单一,方法不理想,容易造成插枝枯萎,影响产量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种构树的根插育苗方法,该方法可有效提高插枝成活率,促进插枝分叉的生长,苗木生长速度快。
一种构树的根插育苗方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,圃地处理:选择背风向阳、疏松肥沃、深厚、不积水的土壤作为圃地,深耕后用25%多茵灵可湿性粉剂 15-20kg/hm2消毒,施入基肥,扦插前做好苗床,并搭设遮阳网;
步骤2,采条与插穗:选用2年生构树母树,采集当年生树根,将插条剪成粗10-12mm、长10cm的插穗,上切口为平切口,下切口为斜切口,切口平滑,扦插前将插穗于生根液中浸泡;
步骤3,扦插:插穗从生根液中取出后,挖开土壤,按10cm×15cm的株行距将插穗竖直向下直插,扦插后及时踏实垄面并灌水,使插穗与土壤密接;
步骤4,后期水肥管理:种植次日喷施500倍50%多菌灵溶液,每月锄草松土一次,每隔两个月施复合肥一次,每隔15天浇水至半透。
优选地,所述基肥由甜菜渣30-40kg、牛粪10-15kg、菌渣10-20kg混合后在50-60℃、RH70-80%条件下密封堆置3-5天,然后再加入尿素1.5-3kg、硫酸钾2-2.5kg混合得到。
优选地,所述基肥施用量为1000-1200kg/hm2
优选地,步骤1中,以100cm宽开沟,沟宽25cm、沟深15-20cm。
优选地,步骤1中,遮阳网高1.8-2m,搭设遮阳网后的透光度为30-45%。
优选地,所述生根液由赤霉素20-30mg/L、吲哚丁酸10-20 mg/L、氨基酸液40-50mg/L、草酸100-200 mg/L、硫酸锰50-70 mg/L组成。
优选地,步骤2中插穗于生根液中浸泡条件为30-35℃、24-30h。
本发明的扦插育苗方法通过对插穗进行生根处理,可有效提高插枝成活率,使插枝生长更健壮,加快根须细胞分化,根须生长发达,促进插枝分叉的生长,苗木生长速度快,根系发达,扦插成活率达到95%以上。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种构树的根插育苗方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,圃地处理:选择背风向阳、疏松肥沃、深厚、不积水的土壤作为圃地,深耕后用25%多茵灵可湿性粉剂17kg/hm2消毒,施入基肥,基肥施用量为1000kg/hm2,扦插前做好苗床,以100cm宽开沟,沟宽25cm、沟深15-20cm,并搭设遮阳网,遮阳网高1.8-2m,搭设遮阳网后的透光度为30-45%。
所述基肥由甜菜渣34kg、牛粪12kg、菌渣17kg混合后在55℃、RH75%条件下密封堆置4天,然后再加入尿素2.3kg、硫酸钾2.2kg混合得到。
步骤2,采条与插穗:选用2年生构树母树,采集当年生树根,将插条剪成粗10-12mm、长10cm的插穗,上切口为平切口,下切口为斜切口,切口平滑,扦插前将插穗于生根液中浸泡,浸泡条件为30-35℃、24-30h。
所述生根液由赤霉素24mg/L、吲哚丁酸12mg/L、氨基酸液43 mg/L、草酸130mg/L、硫酸锰55 mg/L组成。
步骤3,扦插:插穗从生根液中取出后,挖开土壤,按10cm×15cm的株行距将插穗竖直向下直插,扦插后及时踏实垄面并灌水,使插穗与土壤密接.
步骤4,后期水肥管理:种植次日喷施500倍50%多菌灵溶液,每月锄草松土一次,每隔两个月施复合肥一次,每隔15天浇水至半透。
经上述方法,扦插成活率在95.2%,平均苗高有335cm,达出圃苗率在96.7%。
实施例2
一种构树的根插育苗方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,圃地处理:选择背风向阳、疏松肥沃、深厚、不积水的土壤作为圃地,深耕后用25%多茵灵可湿性粉剂 15kg/hm2消毒,施入基肥,基肥施用量为1200kg/hm2,扦插前做好苗床,以100cm宽开沟,沟宽25cm、沟深15-20cm,并搭设遮阳网,遮阳网高1.8-2m,搭设遮阳网后的透光度为30-45%。
所述基肥由甜菜渣30kg、牛粪15kg、菌渣15kg混合后在50℃、RH80%条件下密封堆置3天,然后再加入尿素1.5kg、硫酸钾2.5kg混合得到。
步骤2,采条与插穗:选用2年生构树母树,采集当年生树根,将插条剪成粗10-12mm、长10cm的插穗,上切口为平切口,下切口为斜切口,切口平滑,扦插前将插穗于生根液中浸泡,浸泡条件为30-35℃、24-30h。
所述生根液由赤霉素20mg/L、吲哚丁酸15mg/L、氨基酸液45 mg/L、草酸100mg/L、硫酸锰50 mg/L组成。
步骤3,扦插:插穗从生根液中取出后,挖开土壤,按10cm×15cm的株行距将插穗竖直向下直插,扦插后及时踏实垄面并灌水,使插穗与土壤密接.
步骤4,后期水肥管理:种植次日喷施500倍50%多菌灵溶液,每月锄草松土一次,每隔两个月施复合肥一次,每隔15天浇水至半透。
经上述方法,扦插成活率在96.3%,平均苗高有351cm,达出圃苗率在97.1%。
实施例3
一种构树的根插育苗方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,圃地处理:选择背风向阳、疏松肥沃、深厚、不积水的土壤作为圃地,深耕后用25%多茵灵可湿性粉剂 20kg/hm2消毒,施入基肥,基肥施用量为1000kg/hm2,扦插前做好苗床,以100cm宽开沟,沟宽25cm、沟深15-20cm,并搭设遮阳网,遮阳网高1.8-2m,搭设遮阳网后的透光度为30-45%。
所述基肥由甜菜渣40kg、牛粪10kg、菌渣10kg混合后在60℃、RH70%条件下密封堆置4天,然后再加入尿素3kg、硫酸钾22kg混合得到。
步骤2,采条与插穗:选用2年生构树母树,采集当年生树根,将插条剪成粗10-12mm、长10cm的插穗,上切口为平切口,下切口为斜切口,切口平滑,扦插前将插穗于生根液中浸泡,浸泡条件为30-35℃、24-30h。
所述生根液由赤霉素30mg/L、吲哚丁酸10mg/L、氨基酸液40mg/L、草酸100mg/L、硫酸锰60 mg/L组成。
步骤3,扦插:插穗从生根液中取出后,挖开土壤,按10cm×15cm的株行距将插穗竖直向下直插,扦插后及时踏实垄面并灌水,使插穗与土壤密接.
步骤4,后期水肥管理:种植次日喷施500倍50%多菌灵溶液,每月锄草松土一次,每隔两个月施复合肥一次,每隔15天浇水至半透。
经上述方法,扦插成活率在94.8%,平均苗高有331cm,达出圃苗率在95.9%。

Claims (7)

1.一种构树的根插育苗方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤1,圃地处理:选择背风向阳、疏松肥沃、深厚、不积水的土壤作为圃地,深耕后用25%多茵灵可湿性粉剂 15-20kg/hm2消毒,施入基肥,扦插前做好苗床,并搭设遮阳网;
步骤2,采条与插穗:选用2年生构树母树,采集当年生树根,将插条剪成粗10-12mm、长10cm的插穗,上切口为平切口,下切口为斜切口,切口平滑,扦插前将插穗于生根液中浸泡;
步骤3,扦插:插穗从生根液中取出后,挖开土壤,按10cm×15cm的株行距将插穗竖直向下直插,扦插后及时踏实垄面并灌水,使插穗与土壤密接;
步骤4,后期水肥管理:种植次日喷施500倍50%多菌灵溶液,每月锄草松土一次,每隔两个月施复合肥一次,每隔15天浇水至半透。
2.根据权利要求1所述的构树的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述基肥由甜菜渣30-40kg、牛粪10-15kg、菌渣10-20kg混合后在50-60℃、RH70-80%条件下密封堆置3-5天,然后再加入尿素1.5-3kg、硫酸钾2-2.5kg混合得到。
3.根据权利要求1所述的构树的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述基肥施用量为1000-1200kg/hm2
4.根据权利要求1所述的构树的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤1中,以100cm宽开沟,沟宽25cm、沟深15-20cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的构树的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤1中,遮阳网高1.8-2m,搭设遮阳网后的透光度为30-45%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的构树的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:所述生根液由赤霉素20-30mg/L、吲哚丁酸10-20 mg/L、氨基酸液40-50 mg/L、草酸100-200 mg/L、硫酸锰50-70 mg/L组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的构树的扦插育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤2中插穗于生根液中浸泡条件为30-35℃、24-30h。
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CN109716941A (zh) * 2019-02-27 2019-05-07 四川农业大学 一种芍药根段扦插快繁方法
CN113951042A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-01-21 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 一种适宜石漠化治理的生态与生产功能协同提升方法

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