CN109217983B - Industrial Internet of things operation terminal communication protocol design method - Google Patents

Industrial Internet of things operation terminal communication protocol design method Download PDF

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CN109217983B
CN109217983B CN201810991889.2A CN201810991889A CN109217983B CN 109217983 B CN109217983 B CN 109217983B CN 201810991889 A CN201810991889 A CN 201810991889A CN 109217983 B CN109217983 B CN 109217983B
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CN109217983A (en
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刘浩然
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Anhui Huayuan Intelligent Control Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/03—Protocol definition or specification 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0006—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff by adapting the transmission format
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H04L1/1642—Formats specially adapted for sequence numbers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/14—Session management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers

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Abstract

The invention provides a method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of an industrial Internet of things, which relates to the technical field of industrial Internet, and at least comprises the following steps: determining a data packet header of a communication protocol; constructing a packet serialization and parsing rule according to the packet header; determining a data packet retransmission mechanism according to the serialization and the analysis rule; and determining a communication connection switching mechanism according to the retransmission mechanism. By applying the embodiment of the invention, the problems that the network performance requirements such as time-delay and reliability of connection in the environment of industrial Internet of things and the special requirements of low-power-consumption flexible networking cannot be met in the prior art are solved.

Description

Industrial Internet of things operation terminal communication protocol design method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial Internet of things, in particular to a method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of the industrial Internet of things.
Background
With the proposal of advanced intelligent manufacturing mode in China, the field of industrial production also faces the era of Internet of things. Sensing technologies mainly including RFID (radio Frequency identification) and sensors, heterogeneous distributed transmission network technologies, intelligent terminal technologies and the like are continuously added into the Internet of things, and the expansion and application of the Internet of things in the field of industrial production are promoted. However, the application of the industrial internet of things is still in the initial stage at present, and problems such as communication protocols, management mechanisms and the like become the brake of the development of the industrial internet of things. The problems of the industrial internet of things in the aspect of communication protocols are mainly as follows:
lack of a unified communication protocol: at present, the data encapsulation of the sensing equipment by the industrial production field sensor network usually adopts own protocols, standards and platforms, a self-system is formed, the compatibility is difficult, the protocols are usually incompatible with internet data transmission protocols, even two or more protocols with completely different system architectures, a unified communication protocol or a language unified technical standard does not exist, a management mechanism is formed, the problem of heterogeneous network intercommunication is solved, and the data exchange of the sensing equipment and an operation terminal core network is realized.
The data interoperation mechanism is unreasonable: the field operation terminals mainly carry out communication and data interaction in a direct connection and direct operation mode, and the mechanism for bypassing the accessed terminal and directly operating data is unsafe and unreasonable.
The communication process is complex: the existing IP protocol and the communication process based on the protocol are complex, and in addition, currently, the commonly used data serialization methods such as xml (extensible Markup language), json (javascript Object Notification) and the like have poor data compression effect and low speed, and the above factors increase network load and overhead, and cannot meet the network performance requirements such as connection time-delay and reliability under the environment of the industrial internet of things and the special requirements of low-power-consumption flexible networking.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of an industrial internet of things, which is used to solve the problem that the prior art cannot meet network performance requirements such as time-delay and reliability of connection in an environment of the industrial internet of things and special requirements of low-power flexible networking.
In order to achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of an industrial internet of things, where the method at least includes:
determining a data packet header of a communication protocol;
constructing a packet serialization and parsing rule according to the packet header;
determining a data packet retransmission mechanism according to the serialization and the analysis rule;
and determining a communication connection switching mechanism according to the retransmission mechanism.
In one implementation of the present invention, the communication protocol at least includes data addressing, error checking, packet sequence identification, transmission priority identification, retransmission control, packet classification, and protocol version control.
In one implementation manner of the present invention, the header field of the data packet at least includes: the method comprises the steps of identifying the current version number of a protocol, identifying the type of a data packet, identifying the transmission type, the serial number information of each data packet, identifying bits of the data packet, the transmission priority of the data packet, check bits, the total length of the data packet, the upper limit of the retransmission times of the data packet, the source address of the data packet and the target address of the data packet.
In one implementation manner of the present invention, the step of constructing a packet serialization and parsing rule according to the packet header includes:
and serializing and analyzing the data packet by adopting a structured data storage format as a serialization method.
In an implementation manner of the present invention, the step of determining a retransmission mechanism of the data packet according to the serialization rule and the parsing rule includes:
step A: checking whether the set to be transmitted contains a data packet or not, and transmitting data according to the transmission priority of the data packet;
and B: starting a timer, initializing a transmission sequence number to be 0, and initializing a retransmission set to be null;
and C: if the data packet is not received before the timing of the timer is finished, adding the sequence number of the data packet into a retransmission set, and simultaneously resetting the timer, otherwise, entering the next step;
step D: acquiring a serial number and an identification bit from a received data packet, judging whether the identification bit is 1, if not, entering a step E, otherwise, turning to a step H;
step E: judging whether the transmission sequence number is 0, if so, assigning the sequence number to the transmission sequence number, simultaneously adding the sequence number between 1 and the transmission sequence number into a retransmission set, and if not, entering the next step;
step F: judging whether the serial number is equal to the transmission serial number plus 1, if so, assigning the serial number to the transmission serial number, and if not, entering the next step;
step G: judging whether the sequence number is greater than the transmission sequence number plus 1, if so, adding the sequence number between the sequence number and the transmission sequence number into a retransmission set, otherwise, removing the value from the retransmission set as a transmission sequence number item; meanwhile, judging whether the retransmission set is empty, if so, successfully transmitting, turning to the step C, and if not, turning to the step H;
step H: and (4) adding 1 to the retransmission times of all the data packets in the retransmission set, simultaneously judging whether the retransmission times exceed the upper limit RUL of the retransmission of the data packets, if so, alarming the transmission failure, if not, setting the identification position of the data packet with the maximum serial number in the retransmission set to be 1, removing the data packet with the serial number not in the retransmission set in the to-be-transmitted set, and turning to the step A.
In an implementation manner of the present invention, the step of determining a communication connection switching mechanism according to the retransmission mechanism includes:
acquiring the type of a data packet to be transmitted, and acquiring a source address of the data packet to be transmitted when the type of the data packet to be transmitted is judged to be an equipment control instruction;
acquiring a task which can be started in a current task pool of a data packet source address operation terminal, and predicting the total number of sessions to be carried out and the total processing duration according to the task;
judging whether the total number of sessions and the expected total processing duration are less than the maximum session number of the reference parameter or not;
if so, newly building a short connection to transmit the data packet, and closing the short connection after the data transmission is finished;
if not, newly building a long data transmission data packet, waiting for next data transmission after the data packet transmission is finished, and starting a timer;
judging whether a sending instruction exists in a timing period;
if so, clearing the timer and sending data according to the sending instruction;
if not, judging whether the timer is started or not, if not, returning to the step of judging whether a sending instruction exists in the timing period; if so, sending a heartbeat message, and if the response exists, maintaining the long connection successfully, otherwise, disconnecting the long connection and alarming.
As described above, the method for designing the communication protocol of the operation terminal of the industrial internet of things has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with other operation terminal communication protocols, the method successfully solves the defects of complex communication process, large network load, difficulty in compatibility with an equipment layer protocol, unreasonable data interoperation mechanism and the like.
(2) The communication system for data exchange between the sensor network and the operation terminal core network in the industrial production field is unified, a communication management mechanism of the operation terminal is formed, and the problem of communication protocols of heterogeneous network intercommunication in the industrial Internet of things environment is solved.
(3) The new data packet header design and serialization and analysis rules are adopted, the protocol functions are enriched, the encoding and decoding modes are simplified, and the network load is reduced; a retransmission mechanism is designed, so that the retransmission times of the data packet are reduced, the retransmission speed of the data packet is improved, and the accuracy of data transmission is improved; and a communication connection switching mechanism is constructed, and the connection switching mechanism is switched according to the transmission content, so that the real-time property of transmission is ensured, and meanwhile, the communication resources are utilized to the maximum extent.
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Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of an industrial internet of things according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of the industrial internet of things.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the method for designing the communication protocol of the operation terminal of the industrial internet of things according to the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
S101 to S104
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1-3. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of an industrial internet of things, where the method at least includes:
s101, determining a data packet header of a communication protocol.
It should be noted that the functions implemented by the communication protocol are set: in order to ensure the real-time performance and reliability of the communication of the operation terminal, the communication protocol of the operation terminal facing the industrial Internet of things comprises basic functions such as data addressing, error checking and the like, and the functions of data packet sequence identification, transmission priority identification and retransmission control are realized in the protocol.
Setting the header field, the value range and the length of each field of a communication protocol data packet: to implement the above-described communication protocol functions, the packet header field composition and length are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0001780961960000041
Wherein, ver (version): the current version number of the protocol is represented and used for informing the protocol used by both communication parties, and the length of the protocol is 4 bits; cmd (command): the method is used for identifying the type of a data packet, has the length of 4bits and mainly comprises four types of production task instructions, equipment control instructions, service method requests and service data transmission; tm (transmission mode): the method is used for identifying the transmission type, has the length of 4bits, and mainly comprises end-to-end communication, end-to-end equipment communication and equipment end-to-end communication; sn (serialnumber): the sequence number information used for representing each data packet can effectively ensure the integrity of the data received by the receiver because the sequence number of each data packet is unique. The data receiving end can recombine the data packets with continuous serial numbers, recover the original data, and meanwhile can know which data packets are not received yet and which data packets are lost midway, so that the transmitting end can be pertinently used for retransmitting the lost packets. The SN field is 16bits long and can therefore be marked 216-1 data packet; FLAG: the length of the data packet identification bit is 1bit, and the data packet identification bit is used for informing the receiving party whether the data transmission is finished or not, and when the Flag value is 1, the data packet identification bit indicates that the data packet is currently transmittedThe data packet is the last data packet, and the transmission is about to be completed; when the value is 0, the subsequent transmission task is indicated; pri (priority): the length of the data packet transmission priority is 4bits, when the physical layer shows that the load of a link is overlarge or collision is happening, the data packet with low priority can be immediately stopped from being transmitted, and the data packet with high priority can be started to be transmitted. The priority level is four, the highest level of the system, the alarm level, the common level and the low level; hcn (header Check number): this field is a check bit, stores the header checksum, and has a length of 16 bits. The function of the device is to monitor whether the data of the data packet is damaged in the process of forwarding and transmitting. Before the data packet is sent, the protocol calculates the header check number according to the rule, and sends the result together, and the receiving end calculates in the same way after receiving the data, and compares the obtained result with the check data of the sending end, if the two data are different, the receiving end discards the data packet and requires the other side to resend the data packet; dl (datalength): the total length of the data packet, namely the total length of the header and the body is represented, the length is 16bits, and therefore the maximum length can be identified to be 216-1 byte; rul (transmitsupperlimit): marking the upper limit of the retransmission times of the data packet, and triggering a corresponding alarm when the retransmission times of the data packet reaches the upper limit, wherein the length of the alarm is 4 bits; sa (source address): this field indicates the source address of the packet, i.e. the sender address of the packet. The IP address of the sender is stored in a character string form, and the length of the IP address is 32 bits. In the transmission process of the data packet, the value of the SA field is not changed; DA (destination Address): this field indicates the destination address of the packet, i.e. the address of the recipient of the packet. The DA field also stores the IP address of the receiver in the form of a string, which is 32bits in length. The value of the DA field is not changed during the transmission of the data packet.
S102, according to the data packet header, a data packet serialization and analysis rule is constructed.
The invention adopts a structured data storage format Protocol Buffer as a serialization method to carry out serialization and analysis on the data packet. The Protocol Buffer is based on binary, and compared with the traditional XML, JSON and the like, the Protocol Buffer has the advantages of small volume, high serialization speed, high transmission speed, simplicity in use, good expandability and the like. Based on this method, a message object model is generated as follows, using the packet header as an input parameter.
message MessagerHeader{
required string Version is 1[ default is 1.0 ]; // protocol version number
required int32Command 2; // packet type
required int32TransmissionMode ═ 3; // type of transmission
required int32serial number 4; // Serial number
required int32Flag is 5; i/identification bit
required int32Priority 6; // priority
required int32HeaderChecknumber 7; // check bit
required int32DataLength ═ 8; // total packet length
required int32 transmitupperbimit ═ 9; // upper limit of retransmission times
10, required string Source Address; // Source Address
required string destination address is 11; // target Address
S103, determining a data packet retransmission mechanism according to the serialization and analysis rules.
It can be understood that the parameter protocol of the data packet retransmission process is set as follows: in the data transmission process of the industrial environment, a communication link is easily interfered by environmental factors due to vibration, signal interference of production equipment and the like, so that a packet loss phenomenon may occur in a data packet, and the integrity of data received by a receiving party is influenced. Therefore, in order to ensure the principle of protocol stability, a data packet retransmission scheme is designed to improve the fault-tolerant capability of the protocol. The core parameters related to the data packet retransmission mechanism adopted by the invention comprise: set to be transmitted pset (pendingset), set to be retransmitted rtset (retramitset), sequence number tsn (transmtserialnumber), and SN, FLAG, RUL, and PRI fields in the packet header.
Setting a complete data packet retransmission mechanism: the principle of the data packet retransmission mechanism adopted by the invention is shown in fig. 2, which is specifically explained as follows:
step A: checking whether the set to be transmitted contains a data packet or not, and transmitting data according to the transmission priority of the data packet;
and B: starting a timer, initializing a transmission sequence number to be 0, and initializing a retransmission set to be null;
and C: if the data packet is not received before the timing of the timer is finished, adding the sequence number of the data packet into a retransmission set, and simultaneously resetting the timer, otherwise, entering the next step;
step D: acquiring a serial number and an identification bit from a received data packet, judging whether the identification bit is 1, if not, entering a step E, otherwise, turning to a step H;
step E: judging whether the transmission sequence number is 0, if so, assigning the sequence number to the transmission sequence number, simultaneously adding the sequence number between 1 and the transmission sequence number into a retransmission set, and if not, entering the next step;
step F: judging whether the serial number is equal to the transmission serial number plus 1, if so, assigning the serial number to the transmission serial number, and if not, entering the next step;
step G: judging whether the sequence number is greater than the transmission sequence number plus 1, if so, adding the sequence number between the sequence number and the transmission sequence number into a retransmission set, otherwise, removing the value from the retransmission set as a transmission sequence number item; meanwhile, judging whether the retransmission set is empty, if so, successfully transmitting, turning to the step C, and if not, turning to the step H;
step H: and (4) adding 1 to the retransmission times of all the data packets in the retransmission set, simultaneously judging whether the retransmission times exceed the upper limit RUL of the retransmission of the data packets, if so, alarming the transmission failure, if not, setting the identification position of the data packet with the maximum serial number in the retransmission set to be 1, removing the data packet with the serial number not in the retransmission set in the to-be-transmitted set, and turning to the step A.
And S104, determining a communication connection switching mechanism according to the retransmission mechanism.
Setting a communication connection type use rule in a communication process: for the transmission type of the CMD which is a device control command, the CMD is basically kept unchanged in a continuous production period, and only one session with a device is needed for a certain production service, so that the short connection is used simply and efficiently. For other types of data packet transmission, the ratio of the total number of sessions which can be predicted and can start the task in the current task pool of the sending operation terminal to the total processing time length which can be predicted to be the same as the maximum session number (parm) (parameter) acceptable in the unit time under the current network load needs to be considered comprehensively, if the ratio is larger, long connection is adopted, otherwise, short connection is adopted.
The method for maintaining and detecting the set communication long connection comprises the following steps: long connections may become "dormant" or even disconnected when both parties are not transmitting data for a period of time, thus requiring the use of a heartbeat mechanism to maintain and detect the long connection. However, in an industrial environment, data transmission is frequently performed in a scenario where a work terminal uses long connection transmission, and a heartbeat mechanism occupies a bandwidth during the period, so that network communication efficiency is reduced. Therefore, the heartbeat mechanism used by the communication connection switching mechanism adopted by the invention can modify the defects on the original basis, changes the fixed time transmission into the data transmission in a period of time, and cancels the transmission of the heartbeat message, and the specific flow is as shown in the following figure 3.
Acquiring the type of a data packet to be transmitted, and acquiring a source address of the data packet to be transmitted when the type of the data packet to be transmitted is judged to be an equipment control instruction;
acquiring tasks which can be started in a current task pool of a data packet source address operation terminal, and predicting the total number of sessions to be carried out and the total processing duration according to the tasks;
judging whether the total number of sessions and the expected total processing duration are less than the maximum session number of the reference parameter or not;
if so, newly building a short connection to transmit the data packet, and closing the short connection after the data transmission is finished;
if not, newly building a long data transmission data packet, waiting for next data transmission after the data packet transmission is finished, and starting a timer;
judging whether a sending instruction exists in a timing period;
if so, clearing the timer and sending data according to the sending instruction;
if not, judging whether the timer is started or not, if not, returning to the step of judging whether a sending instruction exists in the timing period; if so, sending a heartbeat message, and if the response exists, maintaining the long connection successfully, otherwise, disconnecting the long connection and alarming.
As described above, the method for designing the communication protocol of the operation terminal of the industrial internet of things has the following beneficial effects:
(1) compared with other operation terminal communication protocols, the method successfully solves the defects of complex communication process, large network load, difficulty in compatibility with an equipment layer protocol, unreasonable data interoperation mechanism and the like.
(2) The communication system for data exchange between the sensor network and the operation terminal core network in the industrial production field is unified, a communication management mechanism of the operation terminal is formed, and the problem of communication protocols of heterogeneous network intercommunication in the industrial Internet of things environment is solved.
(3) The new data packet header design and serialization and analysis rules are adopted, the protocol functions are enriched, the encoding and decoding modes are simplified, and the network load is reduced; a retransmission mechanism is designed, so that the retransmission times of the data packet are reduced, the retransmission speed of the data packet is improved, and the accuracy of data transmission is improved; and a communication connection switching mechanism is constructed, and the connection switching mechanism is switched according to the transmission content, so that the real-time property of transmission is ensured, and meanwhile, the communication resources are utilized to the maximum extent.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A method for designing a communication protocol of an operation terminal of an industrial Internet of things is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
determining a data packet header of a communication protocol;
constructing a packet serialization and parsing rule according to the packet header;
determining a data packet retransmission mechanism according to the serialization and the analysis rule;
determining a communication connection switching mechanism according to the retransmission mechanism;
wherein determining a communication connection switching mechanism according to the retransmission mechanism comprises:
acquiring the type of a data packet to be transmitted, and acquiring a source address of the data packet to be transmitted when the type of the data packet to be transmitted is judged to be an equipment control instruction;
acquiring a task which can be started in a current task pool of a data packet source address operation terminal, and predicting the total number of sessions to be carried out and the total processing duration according to the task;
judging whether the total number of sessions and the expected total processing duration are less than the maximum session number of the reference parameter or not;
if so, newly building a short connection to transmit the data packet, and closing the short connection after the data transmission is finished;
if not, newly building a long data transmission data packet, waiting for next data transmission after the data packet transmission is finished, and starting a timer;
judging whether a sending instruction exists in a timing period;
if so, clearing the timer and sending data according to the sending instruction;
if not, judging whether the timer is started or not, if not, returning to the step of judging whether a sending instruction exists in the timing period; if so, sending a heartbeat message, and if the response exists, maintaining the long connection successfully, otherwise, disconnecting the long connection and alarming.
2. The method for designing the communication protocol of the operation terminal of the industrial internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication protocol at least comprises data addressing, error checking, packet sequence identification, transmission priority identification, retransmission control, packet classification and protocol version control.
3. The method for designing the communication protocol of the operation terminal of the industrial internet of things as claimed in claim 1, wherein the header field of the data packet at least comprises: the method comprises the steps of identifying the current version number of a protocol, identifying the type of a data packet, identifying the transmission type, the serial number information of each data packet, identifying bits of the data packet, the transmission priority of the data packet, check bits, the total length of the data packet, the upper limit of the retransmission times of the data packet, the source address of the data packet and the target address of the data packet.
4. The method for designing the communication protocol of the operation terminal of the industrial internet of things as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of constructing the packet serialization and analysis rules according to the packet headers comprises the steps of:
and serializing and analyzing the data packet by adopting a structured data storage format as a serialization method.
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