CN109217434B - Battery pack equalization circuit and method - Google Patents
Battery pack equalization circuit and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109217434B CN109217434B CN201811324950.4A CN201811324950A CN109217434B CN 109217434 B CN109217434 B CN 109217434B CN 201811324950 A CN201811324950 A CN 201811324950A CN 109217434 B CN109217434 B CN 109217434B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a battery pack balancing technology and discloses a battery pack balancing circuit and a method, wherein the battery pack balancing circuit comprises a battery pack, the battery pack comprises at least two battery units, and positive poles of a first battery unit and a second battery unit are electrically connected with each other; the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected with each other; when the voltages of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are inconsistent, the battery unit with higher voltage charges the battery unit with lower voltage until the voltages of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are consistent; the first battery unit is one of any two battery units of which the positive electrode is electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode in the battery pack, and the second battery unit is the other battery unit.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to battery equalization techniques, and in particular, to a battery equalization circuit and method.
Background
In battery pack applications, the uniformity of the cells within the battery pack is a great challenge affecting current battery pack applications.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a battery pack equalization circuit and method, which are beneficial to improving the consistency of each battery in a battery pack by adopting the technical scheme.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a battery equalization circuit, where the battery includes at least two battery units,
The anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected with each other;
The cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected with each other;
When the voltages of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are inconsistent, the battery unit with higher voltage charges the battery unit with lower voltage until the voltages of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are consistent;
The first battery unit is one of any two battery units of which the positive electrode is electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode in the battery pack, and the second battery unit is the other battery unit.
Optionally, a first impedance circuit is also connected in series in a loop between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
Optionally, the first impedance circuit includes a first resistor connected in series between the anodes of the first and second battery cells.
Optionally, the first impedance circuit further comprises a second resistor connected in series between the cathodes of the first and second battery cells.
Optionally, the impedances of the first resistor and the second resistor are equal.
Optionally, a first switch tube is connected in series between the anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
And connecting the voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack to the first switching tube as the driving voltage of the first switching tube, so that the first switching tube is in a conducting state when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conducting threshold voltage of the first switching tube.
Optionally, the first switch tube is a MOS tube.
Optionally, the first resistor is connected in series with the source electrode of the first switching tube.
Optionally, the first switching transistor is a transistor.
Optionally, the first resistor is connected in series with an emitter of the first switching tube.
Optionally, a third resistor is further connected in series with the driving end of the first switching tube.
Optionally, a second switch tube is connected in series between the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
And connecting the voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack to a second switching tube as the driving voltage of the second switching tube, so that the second switching tube is in a conducting state when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conducting threshold voltage of the second switching tube.
Optionally, the second switching tube is a MOS tube.
Optionally, the second resistor is connected in series to the source side of the second switching tube.
Optionally, the second switching transistor is a transistor.
Optionally, the second resistor is connected in series to the emitter side of the second switching tube.
Optionally, a fourth resistor is further connected in series with the driving end of the second switching tube.
In a second aspect, the battery pack equalization method provided by the embodiment of the invention includes at least two battery units, the anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected, the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected,
The method comprises the following steps:
When the voltage of the first battery cell is inconsistent with the voltage of the second battery cell, the battery cell with higher voltage charges the battery cell with lower voltage until the voltage of the first battery cell is consistent with the voltage of the second battery cell;
The first battery unit is one of any two battery units of which the positive electrode is electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode in the battery pack, and the second battery unit is the other battery unit.
Optionally, a first impedance circuit is also connected in series in a loop between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.
Optionally, the first impedance circuit includes a first resistor connected in series between the anodes of the first and second battery cells.
Optionally, the first impedance circuit further comprises a second resistor connected in series between the cathodes of the first and second battery cells.
Optionally, the impedances of the first resistor and the second resistor are equal.
Optionally, a first switch tube is connected in series between the anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
The voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack is connected into the first switching tube and used as the driving voltage of the first switching tube, so that when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conduction threshold voltage of the first switching tube, the first switching tube is in a conduction state;
The method further comprises the steps of:
the voltage of the first battery unit is higher than that of the second battery unit, the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is higher than or equal to the upper limit of the voltage difference, and the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is maintained at a steady-state current until the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is lower than the upper limit of the voltage difference, and then the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is changed along with the voltage difference in the forward direction.
Optionally, the first switch tube is a MOS tube.
Optionally, a first resistor is connected in series to the source side of the first switching tube.
Optionally, the first switching transistor is a transistor.
Optionally, the first resistor is connected in series with an emitter of the first switching tube.
Optionally, a third resistor is further connected in series with the driving end of the first switching tube.
Optionally, a second switch tube is connected in series between the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
Connecting the voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack to a second switching tube as the driving voltage of the second switching tube, so that the second switching tube is in a conducting state when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conducting threshold voltage of the second switching tube;
The method further comprises the steps of:
The voltage of the first battery unit is lower than that of the second battery unit, the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is higher than the upper limit of the voltage difference, and the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is maintained at a steady-state current until the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is lower than the upper limit of the voltage difference, and then the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is changed along with the voltage difference in the forward direction.
Optionally, the second switching tube is a MOS tube.
Optionally, the second resistor is connected in series to the source side of the second switching tube.
Optionally, the second switching transistor is a transistor.
Optionally, the second resistor is connected in series to the emitter side of the second switching tube.
Optionally, a fourth resistor is further connected in series with the driving end of the second switching tube.
From the above, when the voltages of any two parallel battery cells in the battery pack are inconsistent, the battery cell with higher voltage adaptively charges the battery cell with lower voltage until the voltages of the two battery cells are consistent, and the parallel battery cells in the battery pack reach the same voltage again by transferring the electric quantity between the two battery cells through mutual charge and discharge, so as to reach new battery pack balance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization circuit provided in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery equalization circuit according to embodiment 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a battery pack equalization circuit, which mainly includes: the battery pack comprises at least two battery units, wherein the battery units can be single batteries or a combination of a plurality of single batteries.
In the following, any two positive electrodes "+" and positive electrodes "+" in the battery pack are electrically connected, one of two battery units in which a negative electrode "-" and a negative electrode "-" are electrically connected is denoted as a first battery unit BT1, the other is denoted as a second battery unit BT2, and the battery pack composed of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 is denoted as a parallel battery unit. The battery pack of the embodiment comprises at least one group of parallel battery pack units.
For any group of battery units, when the voltage of the first battery unit BT1 is inconsistent with the voltage of the second battery unit BT2, a pressure difference is formed between the positive poles "+" of the first battery unit BT1 and the positive poles "-" of the second battery unit BT2, and a pressure difference is formed between the negative poles "-" of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2, wherein the battery unit with higher voltage in the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 charges the battery unit with lower voltage, so that the battery unit with higher voltage is in a discharging state, the battery unit with lower voltage is in a charged state, and the voltage rises until the voltages of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 are consistent, so that balance among battery units in each group of parallel battery units is realized, and balance of the whole battery unit is finally realized.
When the voltages of the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 are identical, there is no voltage difference between the positive electrodes "+" of the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2, there is no voltage difference between the negative electrodes "-" of the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2, no current is formed between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2, and no mutual charge and discharge occur.
From the above, when the voltages of any two parallel battery cells in the battery pack are inconsistent, the battery cell with higher voltage adaptively charges the battery cell with lower voltage until the voltages of the two battery cells are consistent, and the parallel battery cells in the battery pack reach the same voltage again by transferring the electric quantity between the two battery cells through mutual charge and discharge, so as to reach new battery pack balance.
As an illustration of the embodiment, but not limited thereto, referring to fig. 1, a first impedance circuit is further connected in series in a loop between the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 of the embodiment, so that a charge/discharge current between the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 flows through the first impedance circuit, and the first impedance circuit plays a role in limiting the charge/discharge current, so that the charge/discharge current is smaller than an upper limit of the charge/discharge current of the battery, and current protection of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 for mutual charge/discharge is improved, and overcurrent is avoided.
As an illustration of the present embodiment, and not by way of limitation, referring to fig. 1, the first impedance circuit of the present embodiment includes a first resistor R1 connected in series between the positive poles "+" of the first and second battery cells BT1, BT 2.
As an illustration of the present embodiment and not by way of limitation, referring to fig. 1, the first impedance circuit of the present embodiment may further include a second resistor R2 connected in series between the negative electrodes "-" of the first and second battery cells BT1, BT 2.
As an illustration of the present embodiment, but not limited to, the resistances of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 may be equalized, so that the circuit between the positive electrode "+" and the negative electrode "-" of the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 is symmetrical.
Referring to fig. 2, in the battery structure shown in fig. 2, the third battery unit BT3 and the fourth battery unit BT4 and the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 are formed into a group of parallel battery units, and a circuit between the positive poles "+" of the third battery unit BT3 and the fourth battery unit BT4 may multiplex a circuit between the negative poles "-" of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT 2.
Similarly, the fifth battery cell BT5 and the sixth battery cell BT6 form a further group of parallel battery cells in the same manner as the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2, and the circuit between the positive poles "+" of the fifth battery cell BT5 and the sixth battery cell BT6 may multiplex the circuit between the negative poles "-" of the third battery cell BT3 and the fourth battery cell BT 4.
Similarly, the seventh battery cell BT7 and the eighth battery cell BT8 and the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 form a further group of parallel battery cells, and a circuit between the positive poles "+" of the seventh battery cell BT7 and the eighth battery cell BT8 may multiplex a circuit between the negative poles "-" of the fifth battery cell BT5 and the sixth battery cell BT6, and so on.
In fig. 2, the circuit structure and the electric quantity balancing principle of the parallel battery units consisting of the third battery unit BT3 and the fourth battery unit BT4, the parallel battery unit consisting of the fifth battery unit BT5 and the sixth battery unit BT6, and the parallel battery unit consisting of the seventh battery unit BT7 and the eighth battery unit BT8 are the same as those of the parallel battery unit consisting of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 shown in fig. 1, and are not described herein. It can be seen that the technical solution of the present embodiment can be applied to a battery pack having a series-parallel structure in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and in parallel.
Referring to fig. 1, a first switching tube M1 is connected in series between positive poles "+" of a first battery cell BT1 and a second battery cell BT2, so that the first switching tube M1 is kept in an on state, and the first switching tube M1 is in an off state only when a battery voltage for driving the switching tube M1 is lower than an extreme state of an on voltage of the switching tube M1.
In fig. 1, a MOS transistor is taken as an example, but not limited to, a transistor may be used instead of a MOS transistor, and the transistor may be, but not limited to, a PNP transistor, an NPN transistor, or the like. In fig. 1, a P-type switching tube is taken as an example of the first switching tube M1, the source electrode "S" and the drain electrode "D" of the first switching tube M1 are electrically connected to the positive electrode "+" of the first battery unit BT1 and the positive electrode "+" of the second battery unit BT2, respectively, the first resistor R1 is connected in series between the source electrode "S" of the first switching tube M1 and the positive electrode "+" of the first battery unit BT1, and the voltage of the first battery unit BT1 is connected to the first switching tube M1 as its driving voltage, and is used as its on driving voltage, so that as long as the voltage of the first battery unit BT1 does not drop to the on threshold voltage of the first switching tube M1, the first switching tube M1 is in an on state.
Let the voltage of the first battery cell BT1 be higher than the voltage of the second battery cell BT2, and the larger the voltage difference between the two, the larger the charge-discharge current between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2, the larger the voltage drop VR1 at two ends of the first resistor R1, the smaller the voltage of the source "S" of the first switching tube M1, and at this time, the larger the gate-source voltage of the first switching tube M1 according to vgs=vg-VS. When the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 is greater than a predetermined threshold, the gate-source voltage of the first switch tube M1 is equal to or greater than the on voltage of the first switch tube M1, the first switch tube M1 enters an off working state, and after the first switch tube M1 is turned on again under the drive of the gate-source voltage of the first switch tube M1, so when the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 of the circuit is greater than a predetermined threshold, the current of the loop is limited to a steady-state current under the action of the first switch tube M1 until the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 is less than the predetermined threshold, and then the current of the loop is changed along with the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 in a forward direction: the current becomes smaller as the pressure difference decreases.
Referring to fig. 1, a third resistor R3 is further connected in series with the gate of the first switching tube M1 to prevent high frequency interference in the circuit from flowing into the first switching tube M1, so as to improve the working stability and safety of the first switching tube M1.
Referring to fig. 1, a second switching tube M2 is connected in series between the negative electrodes "-" of the first and second battery cells BT1, BT2, so that the second switching tube M2 is kept in an on state, and the second switching tube M2 is in an off state only when the battery voltage for driving the second switching tube M2 is lower than the extreme state of the on voltage of the second switching tube M2.
As shown in fig. 1, an N-type switching tube is used as a second switching tube M2, so that a source electrode "S" and a drain electrode "D" of the second switching tube M2 are electrically connected with a first battery unit BT1 and a negative electrode "-" of the second battery unit BT2, a second resistor R1 is connected in series between the source electrode "S" of the second switching tube M2 and the negative electrode "-" of the first battery unit BT1, and the voltage of the second battery unit BT2 is connected to the gate-source electrode of the second switching tube M2 as a driving voltage thereof, so that when the voltage of the second battery unit BT2 is greater than the on threshold voltage of the second switching tube M2, the second switching tube M2 is in an on state, and the second resistor R2 is connected in series to the source electrode "S" side of the second switching tube M2.
Let the voltage of the first battery cell BT1 be lower than the voltage of the second battery cell BT2, and the larger the voltage difference between the two, the larger the charge-discharge current between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2, the larger the voltage drop across the second resistor R2, the larger the source "S" voltage VS of the second switching tube M2, and the smaller the gate-source voltage of the second switching tube M2 at this time according to vgs=vg-VS. As can be seen, when the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 is greater than a predetermined threshold, the gate-source voltage of the second switch tube M2 is equal to or less than the on voltage of the second switch tube M2, the second switch tube M2 will enter an off working state, and after the second switch tube M2 is turned on under the drive of the gate-source voltage of the second switch tube M2, so when the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 is greater than a rated value, the current of the loop is limited to a steady-state current under the action of the second switch tube M2 until the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 is less than the predetermined threshold, and then the current of the loop is changed along with the voltage difference between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT 2: the current becomes smaller as the pressure difference decreases.
Referring to fig. 1, a fourth resistor R4 is further connected in series with the gate of the second switching tube M2 to prevent high frequency interference in the circuit from flowing into the second switching tube M2, so as to improve the working stability and safety of the second switching tube M2.
Referring to fig. 2, when the third battery cell BT3 and the fourth power supply unit in fig. 2 are used as two battery cells connected in parallel, the charge/discharge circuit between the positive electrodes "+" of the third battery cell BT3 and the fourth power supply unit may multiplex the circuit between the negative electrodes "-" of the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2 for the reason of cost of circuit devices. At this time, the third battery cell BT3 is equivalent to the first battery cell BT1, the fourth battery cell BT4 is equivalent to the second battery cell BT2, the charge/discharge circuit between the positive electrodes "+" and the negative electrode "-" is equivalent to the charge/discharge circuit between the positive electrodes "+" and the negative electrode "-" of the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT2, and the circuit principle is equivalent to the circuit principle between the first battery cell BT1 and the second battery cell BT 2.
It should be noted that, in fig. 2, two pairs of parallel battery units (for example, the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 form a group of parallel battery units, the third battery unit BT3 and the fourth battery unit BT4 form a group of parallel battery units, and the two groups of parallel battery units are connected in series with each other) that are adjacent in series are used as an illustration, and multiplexing the charge-discharge circuits at the end of mutual series connection is used, so that the circuit multiplexing is beneficial to saving the device cost of the circuits, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In addition, in fig. 1, a P-type switching tube is used as the first switching tube M1 and an N-type switching tube is used as the second switching tube M2, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a person skilled in the art may select various switching tubes to implement the first switching tube M1 and the second switching tube M2 according to the principles of the embodiment of the present invention, and connect the first switching tube M1 and the second switching tube M2 between the positive electrode "+" and the negative electrode "-" of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 according to the characteristics of the selected switching tubes, and make the voltages of the battery units connected between the gate and source electrodes of the first switching tube M1 and the second switching tube M2 be in the on state when the voltages are greater than the on threshold values.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, four parallel battery units are illustrated in fig. 2, but the technical solution of this embodiment is not limited thereto, and may be applied to battery units of five, six, seven or more parallel battery units.
Example 2:
As shown in fig. 3, this embodiment is different from fig. 2 in embodiment 1 mainly in that:
A P-type MOS tube M2' is adopted as a second switch tube between the cathodes "-" of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2, and correspondingly, the cathode voltage of the third battery BT3 is connected to the grid electrode "G" of the second MOS tube M2 as the driving voltage thereof, so that the second MOS tube M2 is kept in a conducting state all the time as long as the voltage of the third battery BT3 is not lower than the driving voltage of the second MOS tube M2;
A P-type MOS tube M3 'is adopted as a third switch tube between the cathodes "-" of the third battery unit BT3 and the fourth battery unit BT4, and correspondingly, the cathode voltage of the fifth battery BT5 is connected to the grid electrode G of the third MOS tube M3' as the driving voltage thereof, so that the third MOS tube M3 'is always kept in a conducting state as long as the voltage of the fifth battery BT5 is not lower than the driving voltage of the third MOS tube M3';
The P-type MOS transistor M4 'is adopted as a fourth switching transistor between the cathodes "-" of the fifth battery unit BT5 and the sixth battery unit BT6, and correspondingly, the cathode voltage of the seventh battery BT7 is connected to the grid electrode "G" of the fourth MOS transistor M4' as the driving voltage thereof, so that the fourth MOS transistor M4 'is always kept in a conducting state as long as the voltage of the seventh battery BT7 is not lower than the driving voltage of the fourth MOS transistor M4'.
The beneficial effects of this embodiment are the same as those of the circuit of fig. 2 in embodiment 1.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from embodiments 1 and 2 mainly in that a transistor is used to implement a switching transistor.
Referring to fig. 4, in this embodiment, a PNP transistor M1 "is used to implement a first switching transistor, an emitter" E "and a collector" C "of the first PNP transistor M1" are connected in series between the positive poles "+" of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2, a first resistor R1 is connected in series to an emitter "E" side of the PNP transistor M1 ", and a negative voltage of the second battery unit BT2 is connected to a base" B "of the first PNP transistor M1" as a driving voltage thereof, so that the first PNP transistor M1 "is kept in a conductive state as long as the voltage of the first battery unit BT1 is not lower than the conductive voltage of the first PNP transistor M1". Preferably, a third resistor R3 is connected in series on the base "B".
Similarly, a PNP transistor M2 "is adopted to realize a second switching tube, an emitter" E "and a collector" C "of the second PNP transistor M2" are connected in series between the negative poles "-" of the first battery unit BT1 and the second battery unit BT2 (also between the positive poles "+" of the third battery unit BT3 and the fourth battery unit BT 4), a second resistor R2 "is connected in series to the emitter" E "side of the PNP transistor M2", and the negative pole voltage of the fourth battery unit BT4 is connected to the base "B" of the second PNP transistor M2 "as a driving voltage thereof, so that the second PNP transistor M2" maintains a conductive state as long as the voltage of the fourth battery unit BT4 is not lower than the conductive voltage of the second PNP transistor M2 ". Preferably, a fourth resistor R4 is connected in series across base "B".
Similarly, the third switch tube is realized by adopting the PNP triode M3', the emitter electrode E and the collector electrode C of the third PNP triode M3' are connected in series between the negative electrodes E and C of the third battery cell BT3 and the fourth battery cell BT4 (between the positive electrodes plus of the fifth battery cell BT5 and the sixth battery cell BT 6), the fifth resistor R5' is connected in series on the side of the emitter electrode E of the PNP triode M3', and the negative electrode voltage of the sixth battery cell BT6 is connected into the base electrode B of the third PNP triode M3' as the driving voltage thereof, so that the third PNP triode M3' keeps a conducting state as long as the voltage of the sixth battery cell BT6 is not lower than the conducting voltage of the third PNP triode M3 '. Preferably, a sixth resistor R6 is connected in series across base "B".
Similarly, a fourth switching tube is realized by adopting a PNP triode M4', an emitter electrode E and a collector electrode C of the PNP triode M4' are connected in series between a negative electrode "-" of the fifth battery unit BT5 and a negative electrode "-" of the sixth battery unit BT6 (between a positive electrode "+" of the seventh battery unit BT7 and a positive electrode "+" of the eighth battery unit BT 8), a seventh resistor R7 'is connected in series on the side of the emitter electrode E of the PNP triode M4', and the negative electrode voltage of the eighth battery unit BT8 is connected into a base electrode B of the PNP triode M4 'to serve as driving voltage of the PNP triode M4', so that the PNP triode M4 'keeps a conducting state as long as the voltage of the eighth battery unit BT8 is not lower than the conducting voltage of the PNP triode M4'. Preferably, an eighth resistor R8 is connected in series across base "B".
The fifth switch tube is realized by adopting an NPN triode M5', an emitter E and a collector C of the NPN triode M5' are connected in series between a seventh battery unit BT7 and a negative electrode E of an eighth battery unit BT8, a ninth resistor R9' is connected in series at the side of the emitter E of the NPN triode M5', and the positive electrode +voltage of the seventh battery unit BT7 is connected into a base B of the NPN triode M5' to serve as a driving voltage of the NPN triode, so that the NPN triode M5' keeps a conducting state as long as the voltage of the seventh battery unit BT7 is not lower than the conducting voltage of the NPN triode M5 '. Preferably, a tenth resistor R10 is connected in series across the base "B".
The working principle and beneficial effects of the circuit of this embodiment are the same as those of the circuit of fig. 2 in embodiment 1.
The above-described embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the above embodiments should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (34)
1. A battery equalization circuit comprises a battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises at least two battery units, and is characterized in that,
The anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected with each other;
The cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected with each other;
When the voltages of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are inconsistent, the battery unit with higher voltage charges the battery unit with lower voltage until the voltages of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are consistent;
The first battery unit is one of any two battery units of which the positive electrode is electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode in the battery pack, and the second battery unit is the other battery unit.
2. The battery equalization circuit of claim 1, wherein,
A first impedance circuit is also connected in series in a loop between the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
3. The battery equalization circuit of claim 2, wherein,
The first impedance circuit comprises a first resistor connected in series between the anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
4. The battery equalization circuit of claim 3, wherein,
The first impedance circuit further comprises a second resistor connected in series between the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
5. The battery equalization circuit of claim 4, wherein,
The first resistor and the second resistor have equal impedance.
6. The battery equalization circuit of claim 4, wherein,
A first switch tube is connected in series between the positive poles of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
And connecting the voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack to the first switching tube as the driving voltage of the first switching tube, so that the first switching tube is in a conducting state when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conducting threshold voltage of the first switching tube.
7. The battery equalization circuit of claim 6, wherein,
The first switching tube is a MOS tube.
8. The battery equalization circuit of claim 7, wherein,
The first resistor is connected in series with the source electrode of the first switching tube.
9. The battery equalization circuit of claim 6, wherein,
The first switching tube is a transistor.
10. The battery equalization circuit of claim 9, wherein,
The first resistor is connected in series with the emitter of the first switching tube.
11. The battery equalization circuit of claim 6, wherein,
And a third resistor is connected in series with the driving end of the first switching tube.
12. The battery equalization circuit of claim 6, wherein,
A second switch tube is connected in series between the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
And connecting the voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack to a second switching tube as the driving voltage of the second switching tube, so that the second switching tube is in a conducting state when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conducting threshold voltage of the second switching tube.
13. The battery equalization circuit of claim 12, wherein,
The second switching tube is a MOS tube.
14. The battery equalization circuit of claim 13, wherein,
The second resistor is connected in series to the source side of the second switching tube.
15. The battery equalization circuit of claim 12, wherein,
The second switching tube is a transistor.
16. The battery equalization circuit of claim 15, wherein,
The second resistor is connected in series to the emitter side of the second switching tube.
17. The battery equalization circuit of claim 12, wherein,
And a fourth resistor is also connected in series with the driving end of the second switching tube.
18. The battery pack equalization method comprises at least two battery units, wherein the anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected, the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit are electrically connected,
The method comprises the following steps:
When the voltage of the first battery cell is inconsistent with the voltage of the second battery cell, the battery cell with higher voltage charges the battery cell with lower voltage until the voltage of the first battery cell is consistent with the voltage of the second battery cell;
The first battery unit is one of any two battery units of which the positive electrode is electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode in the battery pack, and the second battery unit is the other battery unit.
19. The battery equalization method of claim 18, wherein,
A first impedance circuit is also connected in series in a loop between the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
20. The battery equalization method of claim 19, wherein,
The first impedance circuit comprises a first resistor connected in series between the anodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
21. The battery equalization method of claim 20, wherein,
The first impedance circuit further comprises a second resistor connected in series between the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit.
22. The battery equalization method of claim 21, wherein,
The first resistor and the second resistor have equal impedance.
23. The battery equalization method of claim 21, wherein,
A first switch tube is connected in series between the positive poles of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
The voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack is connected into the first switching tube and used as the driving voltage of the first switching tube, so that when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conduction threshold voltage of the first switching tube, the first switching tube is in a conduction state;
The method further comprises the steps of:
the voltage of the first battery unit is higher than that of the second battery unit, the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is higher than or equal to the upper limit of the voltage difference, and the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is maintained at a steady-state current until the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is lower than the upper limit of the voltage difference, and then the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is changed along with the voltage difference in the forward direction.
24. The battery equalization method of claim 23, wherein,
The first switching tube is a MOS tube.
25. The battery equalization method of claim 24, wherein,
The first resistor is connected in series with the source side of the first switch tube.
26. The battery equalization method of claim 23, wherein,
The first switching tube is a transistor.
27. The battery equalization method of claim 26, wherein,
The first resistor is connected in series with the emitter of the first switching tube.
28. The battery equalization method of claim 24, wherein,
And a third resistor is connected in series with the driving end of the first switching tube.
29. The battery equalization method of claim 23, wherein,
A second switch tube is connected in series between the cathodes of the first battery unit and the second battery unit,
Connecting the voltage of any battery unit in the battery pack to a second switching tube as the driving voltage of the second switching tube, so that the second switching tube is in a conducting state when the connected voltage of the battery unit is higher than the conducting threshold voltage of the second switching tube;
The method further comprises the steps of:
The voltage of the first battery unit is lower than that of the second battery unit, the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is higher than the upper limit of the voltage difference, and the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is maintained at a steady-state current until the voltage difference between the first battery unit and the second battery unit is lower than the upper limit of the voltage difference, and then the current flowing through the first battery unit and the second battery unit is changed along with the voltage difference in the forward direction.
30. The battery equalization method of claim 29, wherein,
The second switching tube is a MOS tube.
31. The battery equalization method of claim 30, wherein,
The second resistor is connected in series to the source side of the second switching tube.
32. The battery equalization method of claim 29, wherein,
The second switching tube is a transistor.
33. The battery equalization method of claim 32, wherein,
The second resistor is connected in series to the emitter side of the second switching tube.
34. The battery equalization method of claim 29, wherein,
And a fourth resistor is also connected in series with the driving end of the second switching tube.
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| CN102255114A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-23 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Method and device for uniform charge and discharge of batteries |
| CN103683359A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization method for battery pack and battery management system |
| CN104600801A (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-06 | 荆延杰 | Charging and discharging balancing circuit and method of series battery pack |
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| CN208971204U (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-06-11 | 深圳市格瑞普智能电子有限公司 | Circuit of battery pack balancing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102255114A (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2011-11-23 | 艾默生网络能源有限公司 | Method and device for uniform charge and discharge of batteries |
| CN103683359A (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Battery equalization method for battery pack and battery management system |
| JP2016050870A (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-04-11 | 株式会社デンソー | Battery monitoring device |
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