CN109216916B

CN109216916B - 5G antenna unit, antenna array and antenna system

Info

Publication number: CN109216916B
Application number: CN201710527219.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 马晓洋; 俞斌
Original assignee: Speed Wireless Technology Co ltd; Huizhou Speed Wireless Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Speed Wireless Technology Co ltd; Huizhou Speed Wireless Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-06-30
Filing date: 2017-06-30
Publication date: 2021-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-30
Also published as: CN109216916A

Abstract

The invention relates to a 5G antenna unit, which comprises an antenna unit, an antenna ground and a dielectric substrate, wherein the antenna ground comprises a ring ground, the antenna unit comprises a slot antenna and a patch antenna, the slot antenna is a radiation slot formed on the inner edge of the ring ground, the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the slot antenna is arranged on the first surface or the second surface, the orthographic projection of the slot antenna on the first surface or the second surface is an area A, the patch antenna is arranged in the area A, and the antenna ground is not arranged in the area A. The invention also relates to an antenna array and an antenna system. The antenna has the advantages of simple and compact structure, low section, small occupied volume, relative bandwidth of about 50 percent, edge-emitting radiation in the up-and-down direction of the main board of the terminal, higher antenna directional gain and stable radiation pattern, and convenient integration to portable mobile terminal equipment.

Description

5G antenna unit, antenna array and antenna system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a 5G antenna unit, an antenna array and an antenna system.

Background

In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, 4G network technology with 20Mbit/s uplink rate and 100Mbit/s downlink rate can basically meet the requirements of various mobile communication services. However, with the rapid development of mobile internet technology and internet of things technology, the traditional mobile communication mode is almost subverted, and these emerging mobile communication services put new demands on the development of mobile communication networks, and the research and development of 5G communication technology are promoted by ultrahigh traffic density, ultrahigh connection number density, ultralow time delay and the like. Currently, the standardization activities of 5G are gradually being completed, and devices adopting 5G technology will also be gradually commercialized in about 2020. 5G communication providing data service of a plurality of GB levels brings a completely new experience to users.

At present, the millimeter wave antenna unit that can be integrated on the PCB board end of the mobile terminal device generally includes a monopole antenna, a dipole antenna, a Yagi antenna, a slot antenna, a microstrip antenna, a Vivaldi antenna, and so on. The Yagi antenna, the patch antenna and the Vivaldi antenna are unidirectional antennas and have relatively narrow widths. The Slot and dipole antennas are omnidirectional in free space, but the antenna radiation may become unidirectional when integrated at the board end due to the influence of the dielectric and ground plane. And the bandwidth of the antennas still cannot meet the requirement of 5G service of multiband operation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a 5G antenna unit, an antenna array and an antenna system, and aims to solve the problems of high profile, unidirectional radiation and narrow relative bandwidth of the conventional millimeter wave antenna unit.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a 5G antenna unit, which includes an antenna unit, an antenna ground and a dielectric substrate, wherein the antenna ground includes a loop ground, the antenna unit includes a slot antenna and a patch antenna, the slot antenna is a radiation slot formed on an inner edge of the loop ground, the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the slot antenna is disposed on the first surface or the second surface, an orthographic projection of the slot antenna on the first surface or the second surface is an area a, the patch antenna is disposed in the area a, and the antenna ground is not disposed in the area a. The structure of the antenna unit can cover a plurality of 5G millimeter wave frequency bands such as 28GHz and 38GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches about 50%, and signals cover the upper direction and the lower direction of the dielectric substrate.

Further, the 5G antenna unit further comprises a feed line connected with the patch antenna.

Further, the feeder line is a microstrip feeder line or a coplanar waveguide feeder line.

Further, the slot antenna and the patch antenna are rectangular, circular, hexagonal, trapezoidal or pentagram-shaped.

Further, the slot antenna is arranged in the middle of the first surface, and the patch antenna is arranged on the second surface and has the same distance to the left side and the right side of the slot antenna.

Further, the slot antenna is arranged in the middle of the first surface, the patch antenna is arranged in the slot antenna, the distances from the patch antenna to the left side and the right side of the slot antenna are equal, the antenna ground further comprises an additional ground, and the additional ground is arranged on the second surface.

Further, the additional position is on one side of the feed line, and the additional side is aligned with the inner edge of the slot antenna.

Further, the additional ring shape, the additional inner edge and the outer edge are aligned with the inner edge and the outer edge of the ring shape.

The invention also provides an antenna array, which comprises N5G antenna units, wherein the distance between the 5G antenna units is from half wavelength of the working wavelength of the 5G antenna units to one wavelength, and N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

Further, the unit interval is 5mm-10 mm.

Further, the array form of the antenna unit is a linear array.

The invention also provides an antenna system, which comprises the antenna array, the radio frequency front end module, the receiving processing circuit and the main processor which are sequentially connected, and the antenna system also comprises a transmitting processing circuit which is connected between the radio frequency front end module and the main processor.

The invention also provides an antenna system, which comprises the antenna array, the radio frequency front-end module, the receiving processing circuit and the loudspeaker which are sequentially connected, and the antenna system also comprises a microphone and a transmitting processing circuit, wherein the transmitting processing circuit is respectively connected with the radio frequency front-end module and the microphone.

Furthermore, the radio frequency front-end module includes N radio frequency units, each of the radio frequency units includes a transmit-receive switch, a power amplifier of a transmission line, a low-noise amplifier of a reception line, a low-loss switch, and a phase shifter, the transmit-receive switch is respectively connected to the 5G antenna unit, the power amplifier, and the low-noise amplifier, and the low-loss switch is respectively connected to the phase shifter, the power amplifier, and the low-noise amplifier.

Further, the transmitting/receiving change-over switch is a single-pole double-throw switch, and the low-loss switch is a double-pole double-throw switch.

The invention adopts a combination form of patch antenna (patch) and slot antenna (slot), has the advantages of low profile, simple and compact structure, small occupied volume, wide relative bandwidth and the like, can cover a plurality of 5G millimeter wave frequency bands such as 28GHz and 38GHz, simultaneously keeps higher antenna directional gain and stable radiation pattern, and is very convenient to integrate into portable mobile terminal equipment. Meanwhile, the 5G antenna array can be formed by utilizing the antenna units, each antenna unit can emit the amplitude and the phase, each emitted electromagnetic wave is mutually offset or enhanced in space by effectively controlling the antennas, limited energy is concentrated on one wave beam for transmission, the energy transmission rate is obviously improved, the frequency spectrum characteristic of millimeter wave fast attenuation can be compensated, and the high gain, wave beam forming and wave beam scanning functions required by millimeter wave 5G communication are realized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 5G antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a return loss plot for the 5G antenna unit of example 1;

fig. 3 is a spatial radiation pattern of the 5G antenna element of example 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a return loss plot for the antenna array of example 2;

fig. 6 is a spatial radiation pattern of the antenna array of example 2;

fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a 5G antenna unit according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a return loss plot for the 5G antenna unit of example 3;

fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a return loss plot for the antenna array of example 4;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a 5G antenna unit according to embodiment 5 of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a return loss plot for the 5G antenna unit of example 5;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna array according to embodiment 6 of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a return loss plot for the antenna array of example 6;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna system according to embodiment 8 of the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a rf front-end module in the antenna system according to the present invention;

fig. 17 is a spatial beam scanning diagram of the phase change of the 8-element antenna array of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: the antenna comprises a slot antenna 1, a patch antenna 2, a dielectric substrate 3, a feeder line 4, an antenna ground 5, a loop ground 51, an additional ground 52, an antenna array 11, a radio frequency front-end module 12, a receiving processing circuit 13, a transmitting processing circuit 14, a loudspeaker 15, a microphone 16, a main processor 17, an input/output interface 18, a keyboard 19, a display screen 20, a memory 21, a low-loss material 22, antenna units 100a-100n, transmitting/receiving switches 110a-110n, power amplifiers 120a-120n, low-noise amplifiers 130a-130n, low-loss switches 140a-140n, phase shifters 150a-150n, and signals 160a-160 n.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand for those skilled in the art and will therefore make the scope of the invention more clearly defined.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the 5G antenna unit includes an antenna unit, an antenna ground, a dielectric substrate and a coplanar waveguide feeder, the antenna ground includes a ring ground and an additional ground, the antenna unit includes a slot antenna and a patch antenna, the patch antenna is connected to the coplanar waveguide feeder, the slot antenna is a radiation slot formed by an inner edge of the ring ground, the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the slot antenna is disposed at a central position of the first surface, the patch antenna is disposed in the slot antenna and has equal distances to left and right sides of the slot antenna, the additional ground is disposed on a side of the second surface close to the coplanar waveguide feeder, and the additional ground is aligned with the inner edge of the slot antenna.

Referring to fig. 2, which is a return loss plot of the 5G antenna element of example 1, it can be seen that the-10 dB bandwidth covers 25.5 GHz-40 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of around 50%. Referring to fig. 3, the spatial radiation pattern of the 5G antenna element of example 1 is such that there is signal coverage in both directions above and below the dielectric substrate, and the maximum gain of the element is 3.64 dB.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 4, this embodiment provides an 8-element antenna array similar to the 5G antenna element of embodiment 1, wherein the element spacing is 5.7mm, and is about one-half of the free space wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency. Referring to fig. 5, to make the return loss plot of the array in view of the mutual coupling between the antenna elements, it can be seen that the-10 dB bandwidth covers 25 GHz-40 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of about 50%. Referring to fig. 6, the array space radiation pattern synthesized by the 8-element antenna forms signal coverage in two directions, namely up and down, on the dielectric substrate, and the maximum gain of the array is 12.8 dB.

The antenna unit and the antenna array which are combined by the patch antenna and the rectangular slot antenna are simple and compact in structure and convenient to process and control precision; the medium substrate can adopt low-cost FR4 medium so as to be convenient for popularization and application; the low-profile design of 0.8mm is provided, and the space of about 4mm at the end of the main board is fully utilized; and the relative bandwidth reaches about 50 percent, can effectively cover 5G hot spot frequency bands such as 28GHz, 38GHz and the like, and form bilateral radiation patterns of a Top surface (Top-side Broadside) and a Bottom surface (Bottom-side Broadside) of a mobile phone mainboard.

Example 3:

referring to fig. 7, in this embodiment, the 5G antenna unit includes an antenna unit, an antenna ground, a dielectric substrate and a coplanar waveguide feeder, the antenna ground includes a loop ground and additionally, the antenna unit includes a slot antenna and a patch antenna, the patch antenna is connected to the feeder, the slot antenna is a radiation slot formed by an inner edge of the loop ground, the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the slot antenna is disposed at a central position of the first surface, the patch antenna is disposed in the slot antenna and has equal distances to left and right sides of the slot antenna, and the additional loop antenna is disposed on the second surface, and an inner edge and an outer edge of the loop ground are aligned with the inner edge and the outer edge of the loop ground.

Referring to fig. 8, which is a return loss plot of the 5G antenna element of example 1, it can be seen that the-10 dB bandwidth covers 24.8 GHz-38.5 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of approximately 50%. This embodiment is similar to the 5G antenna element of embodiment 1, and can cover signals in both directions above and below the dielectric substrate, and the maximum gain of the element of this embodiment is 3.2 dB.

Example 4:

referring to fig. 9, this embodiment provides an 8-element antenna array similar to the 5G antenna element of embodiment 3, wherein the element spacing is 6.2mm, and is about one-half of the free space wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency. Referring to fig. 10, to take into account the array return loss plot of mutual coupling between antenna elements, it can be seen that the-10 dB bandwidth covers 24.5 GHz-38 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of about 50%. Similar to the antenna array of embodiment 2, this embodiment can form signal coverage in two directions, i.e., the upper and lower directions of the dielectric substrate, and the maximum gain of the array of this embodiment is 12.5 dB.

The antenna unit and the antenna array which are combined by the patch antenna and the rectangular slot antenna are simple and compact in structure and convenient to process and control precision; the medium substrate can adopt low-cost FR4 medium so as to be convenient for popularization and application; the low-profile design of 0.8mm is provided, and the space of about 4mm at the end of the main board is fully utilized; the relative bandwidth reaches about 50%, 5G hot spot frequency bands such as 28GHz and 38GHz can be effectively covered, bilateral radiation patterns of the Top surface (Top-side Broadside) and the Bottom surface (Bottom-side Broadside) of the mobile phone mainboard are formed, the radiation patterns are symmetrical about the mainboard, and signal radiation is more uniform.

Example 5:

referring to fig. 11, in this embodiment, the 5G antenna unit includes an antenna unit, an antenna ground, a dielectric substrate, and a microstrip feeder, where the antenna ground includes a loop ground, the antenna unit includes a slot antenna and a patch antenna, the patch antenna is connected to the microstrip feeder, the slot antenna is a radiation slot formed at an inner edge of the loop ground, the dielectric substrate includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the slot antenna is disposed at a center position of the first surface, an orthographic projection of the slot antenna on the second surface is an area a, and the patch antennas are disposed in the area a, and distances to left and right sides of the slot antenna are equal.

Referring to fig. 12, for the return loss of the 5G antenna element of example 5, it can be seen that the-10 dB bandwidth covers 24.5 GHz-39.5 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of over 50%. This embodiment is similar to the 5G antenna element of embodiment 1, and can cover signals in both directions above and below the dielectric substrate, and the maximum gain of the element of this embodiment is 4.7 dB.

Example 6:

referring to fig. 13, this embodiment provides an 8-element antenna array similar to the 5G antenna element of embodiment 5, wherein the element spacing is 5.7mm, and is about one-half of the free space wavelength corresponding to the resonant frequency. Referring to fig. 14, to take into account the array return loss plot of mutual coupling between antenna elements, it can be seen that the-10 dB bandwidth covers 22.5 GHz-38.5 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of over 50%. Similar to the antenna array of embodiment 2, this embodiment can form signal coverage in two directions, i.e., the upper and lower directions of the dielectric substrate, and the maximum gain of the array of this embodiment is 14.1 dB.

The antenna unit and the antenna array which are combined by the patch antenna and the rectangular slot antenna are simple and compact in structure and convenient to process and control precision; the medium substrate can adopt low-cost FR4 medium so as to be convenient for popularization and application; the low-profile design of 0.5mm is provided, and the space of about 4mm at the end of the main board is fully utilized; the relative bandwidth reaches about 50%, 5G hot spot frequency bands such as 28GHz and 38GHz can be effectively covered, bilateral radiation patterns of the Top surface (Top-side Broadside) and the Bottom surface (Bottom-side Broadside) of the mobile phone mainboard are formed, the radiation patterns are symmetrical about the mainboard, and signal radiation is more uniform.

Example 7:

this embodiment provides an antenna array similar to

embodiments

2, 4, and 6, including N5G antenna elements as described above, where the spacing between the 5G antenna elements is between half the wavelength of the operating wavelength of the 5G antenna elements and one wavelength, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and the element spacing between half the wavelength and one wavelength is about 5mm to 10 mm.

Example 8:

referring to fig. 15, the present embodiment provides an antenna system, in which an antenna array is similar to the antenna arrays of

embodiments

2, 4, 6, and 7, the antenna system includes an antenna array 11, a Radio Frequency (RF) front end module 12, a receiving processing circuit (RX) 13, a transmitting processing circuit (TX) 14, a speaker 15, a microphone 16, a main processor 17, an input/output interface 18, a keyboard 19, a display 20, and a memory 21, the RF front end module 12 receives an RF signal transmitted by a base station through the antenna array 11, and the RF front end module 12 generates an intermediate frequency signal/baseband signal through down conversion. The intermediate/baseband signals are filtered and encoded by RX circuitry 13 to produce a post-processed intermediate/baseband signal, which is passed to speaker 15 or to processor 17 for further processing of the signal. The TX circuit receives the voice information from the microphone 16 or the baseband data from the processor 17, encodes, multiplexes, or digitally processes the output baseband signal via the TX circuit 14, and up-converts the post-processed baseband/if signal to transmit the RF signal via the antenna array 11.

Example 9:

referring to fig. 16 and 17, this embodiment is similar to embodiment 8, and further, a Radio Frequency (RF) front end module is used to implement beam scanning, and fig. 17 is a spatial beam scanning pattern of an 8-element antenna array by controlling phase change, where the radio frequency front end module includes 5G antenna elements 100a to 100n, transceiving switches 110a to 110n, single-pole double-throw switches, power amplifiers 120a to 120n of a transmitting line, low-noise amplifiers 130a to 130n of a receiving line, and low-loss switches 140a to 140n, which can switch an antenna operating frequency band or polarization mode, phase shifters 150a to 150n, and signals 160a to 160 n. The duplexer 110a-110n and the low loss switch 140a-140n can control whether the antenna units 100a-100n in the system receive signals or transmit signals, when the signals are transmit signals, the signals 160a-160n make each link have different phase information through the phase shifter 150a-150n, then the power amplifier 120a-120n, which is composed of a pre-power amplifier and a power amplifier, and then to the antenna units 100a-100n, different beam orientations can be composed through the different phases of a plurality of antenna units and each antenna unit, thereby achieving the optimal beam orientation from time to time, when the signals are receive, the antenna units 100a-100n receive the signals, through the low noise amplifier 130a-130n of the receiving line, and then to the phase shifter 150a-150n, each link has different phase information, different beam directions can be formed by the antenna units and different phases of each antenna unit, so that the best beam direction can be achieved at any time, the strongest signal can be received, and in addition, different beam directions also have the effect of wider area signal coverage. The receiving and transmitting switch can be a single-pole double-throw switch, and the low-loss switch is a double-pole double-throw switch.

The antenna unit, the antenna array and the antenna system of the present invention may exist in various forms in a mobile communication network, which may include a plurality of cells, base stations.

The antenna structure of the embodiment makes full use of the space of the PCB end, has the advantages of miniaturization, simple processing, compact structure and the like, has the relative bandwidth of about 50 percent, can effectively cover 5G hot spot frequency bands such as 28GHz, 38GHz and the like, and forms bilateral radiation patterns of a Top surface (Top-side Broadside) and a Bottom surface (Bottom-side Broadside) of a mobile phone mainboard. In the above embodiments, the microstrip feed line or the coplanar waveguide feed line is only one of the feeding manners, and is not relevant to the present invention, and similarly, the shapes of the slot antenna and the patch antenna are rectangular and are also only used for illustration, and may be other polygonal shapes, circular shapes, five-pointed star shapes, irregular shapes, or the like in practical implementation.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims

1. A5G antenna unit comprises an antenna unit, an antenna ground and a dielectric substrate, and is characterized in that the antenna ground comprises a ring ground, the antenna unit comprises a slot antenna and a patch antenna, the slot antenna is a radiation slot formed by a ring ground inner edge, the dielectric substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the slot antenna is arranged on the first surface, the orthographic projection of the slot antenna on the first surface or the second surface is an area A, the patch antenna is arranged in the area A, and the antenna ground is not arranged in the area A;

the slot antenna is arranged in the middle of the first surface, the patch antennas are arranged in the slot antenna, the distances from the patch antennas to the left side and the right side of the slot antenna are equal, the antenna ground further comprises an additional ground, and the additional ground is arranged on the second surface; the additional ring-shaped, the additional inner and outer rims being aligned with the inner and outer rims of the ring-shaped ground; the 5G antenna unit further comprises a feeder line connected with the patch antenna, and the feeder line is a coplanar waveguide feeder line; the patch antenna is arranged on the first surface, and a feeder line connected with the patch antenna and the annular ground form a coplanar waveguide feeder structure.

2. The 5G antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the slot and patch antennas are rectangular, circular, hexagonal, trapezoidal, or penta-star shaped.

3. The 5G antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the slot antenna is disposed in the middle of the first surface, and the patch antenna is disposed on the first surface at equal distances from the left and right sides of the slot antenna.

4. An antenna array comprising N5G antenna elements according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the 5G antenna elements are spaced apart from one wavelength to half the operating wavelength of the 5G antenna elements, and wherein N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

5. An antenna array according to claim 4 wherein the spacing between the 5G antenna elements is between 5mm and 10 mm.

6. An antenna array according to claim 5 wherein the array of antenna elements is in the form of a rectilinear array.

7. An antenna system, comprising the antenna array of any one of claims 4 to 6, a radio frequency front end module, a receiving processing circuit, and a main processor connected in sequence, the antenna system further comprising a transmitting processing circuit connected between the radio frequency front end module and the main processor.

8. An antenna system comprising an antenna array according to any one of claims 4 to 6, a radio frequency front end module, a receiving processing circuit and a speaker connected in series, the antenna system further comprising a microphone and a transmitting processing circuit, the transmitting processing circuit being connected to the radio frequency front end module and the microphone respectively.

9. The antenna system of claim 8, wherein the radio frequency front end module comprises N radio frequency units, and the radio frequency units comprise a transmit-receive switch, a power amplifier of a transmission line, a low noise amplifier of a reception line, a low loss switch and a phase shifter, the transmit-receive switch is respectively connected with the 5G antenna unit, the power amplifier and the low noise amplifier, and the low loss switch is respectively connected with the phase shifter, the power amplifier and the low noise amplifier.

10. The antenna system of claim 9, wherein the transmit-receive switch is a single-pole double-throw switch and the low-loss switch is a double-pole double-throw switch.