CN109212598B - Three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion, which comprises the following steps: step 1, loading an observation system and picking up direct waves; step 2, solving an actual shot-geophone distance; step 3, listing a coordinate equation related to the demodulator probe, and solving the coordinate equation; step 4, removing the invalid solution of the coordinate equation; step 5, solving a secondary positioning coordinate of the wave detection point; and 6, carrying out coordinate replacement. Compared with the conventional two-dimensional method, the three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion has the advantages of more reasonable result, higher accuracy, reliable effect, simple process and parameter setting, high operation speed and simple and easy realization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing of oil and gas exploration, in particular to a three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion.
Background
The existing secondary positioning method of the wave detection point mainly comprises a sound wave positioning method and a first arrival positioning method, wherein the sound wave secondary positioning is a positioning system which can only calculate the position of the wave detection point according to the recorded shot point position. At present, a primary wave secondary positioning method is used mostly, the method utilizes a principle of circle intersection, but the principle is based on a planar two-dimensional space algorithm, in actual production, a shot point and a demodulator probe cannot be exactly positioned on a plane, so that a certain error is generated, the accuracy of the calculated demodulator probe coordinate is reduced, and the method cannot obtain the water depth of the demodulator probe.
In a transition zone between shallow sea and sea land, the detector is sunk into the sea floor in a throwing or mechanical cable laying mode, when the detector is subjected to strong impact of ocean current, tide and surge, the detector is difficult to be completely fixed on the sea floor, a drifting phenomenon occurs, and a submarine cable cannot realize real-time positioning, so that the actual position of a wave detection point is inconsistent with a designed coordinate. If the subsequent seismic data processing is carried out on the offset detection point coordinates, the isotropy of the data is influenced, the resolution of the seismic data and the accuracy of the migration homing are further influenced, and finally the quality of the whole data processing is inevitably influenced. Therefore, a novel three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion is invented, and the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion, which has reliable effect and simple and easy operation.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures: the three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion comprises the following steps: step 1, loading an observation system and picking up direct waves; step 2, solving an actual shot-geophone distance; step 3, listing a coordinate equation related to the demodulator probe, and solving the coordinate equation; step 4, removing the invalid solution of the coordinate equation; step 5, solving a secondary positioning coordinate of the wave detection point; and 6, carrying out coordinate replacement.
The object of the invention can also be achieved by the following technical measures:
in step 1, when the observation system is loaded, the seismic data collected in the field and the measurement result are merged.
In step 1, when direct wave pickup is carried out, linear dynamic correction is carried out on the speed of the seawater for the single shot loaded with the observation system, then the direct wave pickup is carried out, and if a certain wave detection point D required to be picked totally receives N shot signals, N is more than or equal to 4, and the time of the direct wave of the ith shot at the wave detection point is tiDepth of water of ith shot is ziThe coordinate of the ith shot is (x)i，yi，-zi)。
In step 2, the speed of the seawater measured in the field is recorded as v, and the distance from the detection point P to the ith shot is recorded as v ti。
In step 3, according to the distance v t between the demodulator probe D and the shot pointiAnd (3) setting the coordinates of the demodulator probe as (x, y, -z) and z as the depth of the demodulator probe, and listing the expression of the demodulator probe P relative to the ith shot:
(x-xi)2+(y-yi)2+(-z-(-zi))2＝(v*ti)2
(formula 1)
Wherein the shot point coordinate (x)i，yi，-zi) And the velocity v of the sea water is obtained by field measurement and is a known number tiThe direct wave is obtained for indoor pickup, so that N ternary quadratic equations about (x, y, z) are formed.
In step 3, solving three simultaneous equations, wherein three conditions are generated, one is no solution, the second is more than two solutions, and the third is two solutions; according to the principle of three-sphere intersection, the obtained solutions are two, so that the equation sets for generating the first two solutions are removed, only the equation sets for the two solutions are reserved, and the two solutions are combined to obtain the solution
A system of equations
Therefore, 2 can be obtained at most
And (4) solving.
In step 4, a mean square error method is adopted for calculation, the mean value of all solutions is calculated, then the mean square error is calculated, the solution with the larger mean square error is removed, and the rest solutions are effective solutions.
In step 5, calculating by adopting a mean square error method to obtain the coordinates of the actual detection point, solving the mean value of all effective solutions, and then solving the mean square error; and removing the solution with larger mean square error, and averaging the rest solutions, wherein the value is the coordinate of the secondary positioning of the detection point.
In step 6, the original inaccurate coordinates of the detection point are replaced by newly acquired coordinates, the secondary positioning of the detection point is realized, and linear dynamic correction inspection is applied.
According to the three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion, the coordinates of the shot point and the demodulator probe are comprehensively considered from the three-dimensional space, and compared with a conventional two-dimensional method, the result is more reasonable, the accuracy is higher, and the effect is reliable. The method has the advantages of simple flow and parameter setting, high operation speed, and simple and easy realization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a raw single shot in the field with a shifted demodulator probe in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of direct wave pickup according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a linear kinematic correction map before secondary positioning in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a linear motion correction graph after secondary positioning in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a three-dimensional space quadratic positioning method based on direct wave inversion according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a cross-section of a stack-up before secondary positioning in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a stacked cross-section after secondary positioning in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The direct waves are wave fields of seismic waves directly transmitted to a wave detection point from a shot point through seawater, and the direct waves can be manually picked up on a single shot; the velocity of the seawater is easily measured and is substantially constant in a certain work area. The distance from the shot point to the wave detection point can be directly obtained by using the speed of the direct wave and the seawater. The coordinates of the shot point can be directly measured by a satellite positioning system, so that a spherical surface which takes the shot point as the center of sphere and the distance between the shot point and the demodulator probe as the radius is obtained. For a demodulator probe, a spherical surface with the second shot point, the third shot point and the fourth shot point as the sphere center is obtained by the same method, and according to the principle of spherical surface intersection, the four spherical surfaces are intersected to determine a point which is the coordinate of the demodulator probe.
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion according to the present invention.
And 2, picking up the direct wave. Linear dynamic correction is carried out on the speed of the seawater for the single cannon loaded with an observation system (the water speed is about 1500 m/s, the speed at the moment is not very accurate), then direct wave pickup is carried out, a certain demodulator probe D required to be picked is assumed to receive N cannon signals in total (N is more than or equal to 4, the basic principle of the invention cannot be satisfied because the actual field construction is not less than 4 and the actual field construction is less than 4), and the time of the direct wave of the ith cannon at the demodulator probe is tiDepth of water of ith shot is ziThe coordinate of the ith shot is (x)i，yi，-zi)。
And step 3, solving the actual shot-geophone distance. Recording the speed v of the seawater measured in the field (the speed of the seawater is approximately 1500 m/s, but each area will be due to salinity and temperatureSlightly different in depth and depth), the distance from the probe point P to the ith shot is v x ti。
And 4, listing a coordinate equation of the demodulator probe. According to the distance v x t between the demodulator probe D and the shot pointiAssuming that the coordinates of the demodulator probe are (x, y, -z) and z is the demodulator probe depth, the expression for the demodulator probe P with respect to the ith shot can be listed:
(x-xi)2+(y-yi)2+(-z-(-zi))2＝(v*ti)2
(formula 1)
Wherein the shot point coordinate (x)i，yi，-zi) And the velocity v of the sea water is obtained by field measurement and is a known number tiThe direct wave is obtained for indoor pickup, so that N ternary quadratic equations about (x, y, z) are formed.
And 5, solving a combined equation. According to the basic principle of the invention, 4 shots can be used to obtain a coordinate of a demodulator probe without any error. In actual production, however, the equation is likely to have no solution due to the existence of measurement errors and direct wave pickup errors. The solution is to solve only three simultaneous equations, and at this time, three situations occur, one is no solution, the second is more than two solutions, and the third is two solutions. According to the principle of three-sphere intersection, the solution should be two, so the system of equations that produce the first two solutions is removed, and only the system of equations of the two solutions is retained, although only one of the two solutions may be the correct solution. Thus can be combined to obtain
A system of equations
Therefore, 2 can be obtained at most
And (4) solving.
And 6, removing the invalid solution. Discrete points are removed based on the distribution of the solution. And calculating by adopting a mean square error method, solving the mean value of all solutions, and then solving the mean square error. The solutions with large mean square deviations (about 50% of the total number of solutions) are removed, and the remaining solutions are effective solutions.
And 7, solving secondary positioning coordinates of the detection points. And similarly, calculating by adopting a mean square error method to obtain the coordinates of the actual detection point, solving the mean value of all effective solutions, and then solving the mean square error. The solutions with larger mean square deviations (about 20% of the total number of deletions) are removed and the remaining solutions are re-averaged, which is the coordinate of the secondary positioning of the detection point.
And 8, replacing coordinates. And replacing the original inaccurate coordinates of the detection point with the newly obtained coordinates to realize secondary positioning of the detection point. A linear motion correction check is applied as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the method is applied to process the three-dimensional seismic data in the ZH area of the XX oil field as a target area so as to verify the effect of the method, and a specific flow chart is shown in FIG. 5. The actual data is collected by a 16-line 4-cannon observation system, the time length of seismic data is 7000ms, the time sampling interval is 1ms, the number of sampling points is 7000, and the number of each line is 240. The data is processed by the method.
1) Firstly, step 1 is entered, an observation system is loaded, and whether a single shot with a drifting wave detection point exists or not can be seen from the first arrival of the single shot. Near the track number 130, there is a first arrival distortion phenomenon, which indicates that the 130 detection point near the track number has a drift, as shown in fig. 1.
2) And then according to the step 2, picking up the direct wave on the linear dynamic correction single cannon made by the water speed to obtain the direct wave time of each path. As shown in fig. 2, the white line around 500ms is the direct arrival time of the pick-up.
3) According to the step 3-4, the speed of the seawater can be obtained by using a drift-free single shot, or the speed of the seawater can be obtained by field measurement, and the actual shot-geophone offset is calculated. All equations are then listed according to equation 1.
4) And (5) solving all the combined equations again according to the step 5-6, and removing invalid solutions from all the solutions.
5) And (7) removing partial dissociation by using a mean square error method according to the step 7, and solving an average value of the solution to obtain a secondary positioning coordinate.
6) And 8, replacing the original coordinates by using the secondary positioning coordinates to realize secondary positioning. Fig. 3 is a linear dynamic correction diagram added with original coordinates, and it can be seen that the speed of the seawater is used for dynamic correction, the direct wave is not leveled, and the coordinates are not accurate. Fig. 4 is a linear dynamic correction graph after secondary positioning, direct wave flattening, illustrating that the correct demodulator probe coordinates are obtained.
7) Fig. 6 is a diagram of stacking seismic data before secondary positioning, and it can be seen that due to inaccurate coordinates of the detection points, the data are in different directions, and the stacking effect is poor, and fig. 7 is a diagram of a stacking section after secondary positioning, which is proposed by the present application, from the section, the continuity of the same-direction axis is obviously enhanced, the seismic section effect is more ideal, which illustrates that the method is really feasible, and the effect is prominent.
Claims (2)
1. The three-dimensional space secondary positioning method based on direct wave inversion is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, loading an observation system and picking up direct waves;
step 2, solving an actual shot-geophone distance;
step 3, listing a coordinate equation related to the demodulator probe, and solving the coordinate equation;
step 4, removing the invalid solution of the coordinate equation;
step 5, solving a secondary positioning coordinate of the wave detection point;
step 6, carrying out coordinate replacement;
in step 1, when direct wave pickup is carried out, linear dynamic correction is carried out on the speed of the seawater for the single shot loaded with the observation system, then the direct wave pickup is carried out, and if a certain wave detection point D required to be picked totally receives N shot signals, N is more than or equal to 4, and the time of the direct wave of the ith shot at the wave detection point is tiDepth of water of ith shot is ziThe coordinate of the ith shot is (x)i，yi，-zi)；
In step 2, the speed of the seawater measured in the field is recordedThe degree is v, the distance from the wave detection point P to the ith shot is v x ti；
In step 3, according to the distance v t between the demodulator probe D and the shot pointiAnd (3) setting the coordinates of the demodulator probe as (x, y, -z) and z as the depth of the demodulator probe, and listing the expression of the demodulator probe P relative to the ith shot:
(x-xi)2+(y-yi)2+(-z-(-zi))2＝(v*ti)2(formula 1)
Wherein the shot point coordinate (x)i，yi，-zi) And the velocity v of the sea water is obtained by field measurement and is a known number tiThe direct wave is obtained for indoor pickup, so that N ternary quadratic equations about (x, y, z) are formed; solving three simultaneous equations, wherein three conditions are generated, one is no solution, the second is more than two solutions, and the third is two solutions; according to the principle of three-sphere intersection, the obtained solutions are two, so that the equation sets for generating the first two solutions are removed, only the equation sets for the two solutions are reserved, and the two solutions are combined to obtain the solution
A system of equations
Therefore, at most, can obtain
Solving;
in step 4, a mean square error method is adopted for calculation, the mean value of all solutions is calculated, then the mean square error is calculated, the solution with the larger mean square error is removed, and the rest solution is the effective solution;
in step 5, calculating by adopting a mean square error method to obtain the coordinates of the actual detection point, solving the mean value of all effective solutions, and then solving the mean square error; removing the solution with larger mean square error, and averaging the rest solutions, wherein the value is the coordinate of the secondary positioning of the detection point;
in step 6, the original inaccurate coordinates of the detection point are replaced by newly acquired coordinates, the secondary positioning of the detection point is realized, and linear dynamic correction inspection is applied.
2. The direct wave inversion-based three-dimensional space secondary positioning method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the seismic data and the measurement result collected in the field are combined when the observation system is loaded.
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