CN109212551B - Optical fiber Doppler velocimeter without upper speed limit and capable of distinguishing direction and velocity measuring method thereof - Google Patents
Optical fiber Doppler velocimeter without upper speed limit and capable of distinguishing direction and velocity measuring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109212551B CN109212551B CN201811347987.9A CN201811347987A CN109212551B CN 109212551 B CN109212551 B CN 109212551B CN 201811347987 A CN201811347987 A CN 201811347987A CN 109212551 B CN109212551 B CN 109212551B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
- G01S17/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4818—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres
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Abstract
The invention relates to a speed-upper-limit-free direction-distinguishable optical fiber Doppler velocimeter and a speed measuring method thereof, which comprise a single-mode laser, an optical fiber isolator, a 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter, an optical fiber circulator, an acousto-optic frequency shifter, a 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter, a 2 x 1 optical fiber beam combiner, an optical fiber collimator and a photoelectric detector, wherein laser output from the single-mode laser is divided into 3 beams by the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter after passing through the optical fiber isolator, a second beam vertically irradiates the surface of a moving object through the optical fiber circulator and the collimator, is divided into two beams after carrying motion information and reflecting the motion information back to the collimator, and the two beams of signal light are respectively interfered with a first beam of intrinsic light of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter and a third beam of reference light passing through the acousto-optic frequency shifter and are respectively detected and received by the two detectors. The invention adopts the homodyne method to obtain the Doppler frequency shift quantity, and combines the heterodyne method to judge the direction, thereby breaking through the upper speed limit of the conventional heterodyne method Doppler velocity measurement technology while distinguishing the speed direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical measurement, and particularly relates to an optical fiber Doppler velocimeter capable of distinguishing directions without an upper speed limit and a velocimetry method thereof.
Background
The laser doppler velocity measurement technique is a new measurement technique that is generated with the advent of the laser, and is a technique for measuring the velocity of a fluid or a solid by using the doppler effect of laser. The principle of laser doppler velocimetry is to use the optical doppler effect, i.e. when a moving object is irradiated by laser light, the laser light is scattered by particles moving along with the object, the frequency of the scattered light will change, and the difference between the frequency of the scattered light and the frequency of the incident laser light is called doppler frequency difference or doppler beat frequency. This frequency difference is proportional to the velocity, so measuring the doppler frequency difference, the velocity can be obtained. The traditional laser Doppler velocity measurement technology has slow response, low test precision and poor reliability. The optical fiber Doppler velocity measurement system combining the laser Doppler velocity measurement technology and the optical fiber device has the advantages of simple and flexible optical path structure, and more compact and small whole system, thereby having great development potential.
Typical detection methods in all-fiber doppler velocity measurement technology include a homodyne method and a heterodyne method. When the homodyne method is adopted, light output by a single-mode laser is divided into two beams by a 1 multiplied by 2 optical fiber beam splitter after passing through an optical fiber isolator, one beam is used as local oscillation light, the other beam is emitted out by an optical fiber collimator and vertically irradiates a moving object and then returns, the motion information is carried as signal light, the local oscillation light and the signal light are subjected to beam combination interference to obtain the absolute value of Doppler frequency shift, and only the size of the absolute value can be judged but the direction of the absolute value can not be distinguished; when the heterodyne method is adopted, light output by a single-mode laser is divided into two beams by a 1X 2 optical fiber beam splitter after passing through an optical fiber isolator, one beam forms reference light after passing through an acousto-optic frequency shifter, the other beam is emitted by an optical fiber collimator and vertically irradiates a moving object and then returns to be used as signal light with motion information, the reference light and the signal light are subjected to heterodyne interference and are detected and received by a photoelectric detector, and the absolute value of the difference between the frequency shift quantity and the Doppler frequency shift quantity of the acousto-optic frequency shifter is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an optical fiber doppler velocimeter and a velocity measurement method thereof capable of identifying a direction without an upper velocity limit, which can simultaneously implement velocity measurement and direction determination without the upper velocity limit limitation, for solving the problem that the velocity measurement range of an optical fiber doppler velocity measurement system adopting a heterodyne method is limited by the frequency shift amount of an acousto-optic frequency shifter.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a but no speed upper limit discerns optic fibre Doppler velocimeter, includes single mode laser ware, optical fiber isolator, optical fiber circulator, optical fiber collimator, reputation frequency shifter, a 2X 1 optic fibre beam combiner and a photoelectric detector, its characterized in that: the system also comprises a 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter, a 1 × 2 optical fiber beam splitter, a second 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner and a second photoelectric detector; the output end of the single-mode laser is connected with the input end of the optical fiber isolator, the output end of the optical fiber isolator is connected with the input end of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter, the second output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter is connected with one port of the optical fiber circulator, the two ports of the optical fiber circulator are connected with the optical fiber collimator and aligned to a moving target to be detected, the three ports of the optical fiber circulator are connected with the 1 × 2 optical fiber beam splitter, one output port of the 1 × 2 optical fiber beam splitter and the first output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter are connected with the two input ends of the second 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner, the output end of the second 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner is connected with the second photoelectric detector, the third output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter is connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter, the output port of the acousto-optic frequency shifter and the other output port of the 1 × 2 optical fiber beam splitter are connected with the two input ends of the first 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner, and the output port of the first 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner is connected with the first photoelectric detector.
The continuous single-frequency laser output by the single-mode laser is divided into 3 beams by a 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter, the output light of the second output port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter is input to one port of an optical fiber circulator and is output to an optical fiber collimator by two ports of the optical fiber circulator, the output light vertically irradiates the surface of a moving object to be detected, after being reflected by the moving object, the moving information carrying the object to be detected as signal light is output by three ports of the optical fiber circulator and is divided into two beams, one beam is subjected to beam combination interference with local oscillation light of the first output port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter and is detected and received by a second photoelectric detector, the other beam is subjected to beam combination interference with reference light of frequency shift of an acousto-optic frequency shifter by the third port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter and is detected and received by a first photoelectric detector.
The splitting ratio of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter is 1.
The local oscillator light output by the first output port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter and the signal light which is vertically irradiated on the moving object and then returns with the motion information enterThe line homodyne interference is carried out to obtain the absolute value | f of the Doppler frequency shift quantity d The reference light after the frequency shift of the acousto-optic frequency shifter and the signal light which is vertically irradiated to the moving object and returns with the motion information are subjected to heterodyne interference to obtain the absolute value | f of the difference between the frequency shift quantity and the Doppler frequency shift quantity of the acousto-optic frequency shifter l -f d L, from | f d L obtaining the magnitude of Doppler frequency shift quantity, combining | f l -f d And l, judging the direction, and further simultaneously obtaining the magnitude and the direction of the speed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention forms an all-fiber Doppler measurement optical path, heterodyne interference is carried out on signal light and reference light by carrying out homodyne interference on local oscillation light and the signal light, and Doppler frequency shift is determined by adopting a homodyne method and a heterodyne method, so that the speed and the direction of a moving object to be measured are determined;
compared with the all-fiber Doppler velocity measurement technology adopting a homodyne method, the method can realize the discrimination of the velocity direction on the basis that the measurement range is not limited;
compared with the all-fiber Doppler velocity measurement technology adopting the heterodyne method, the method can realize the measurement of the velocity in a larger range on the premise of judging the velocity direction, and is not limited by the frequency shift quantity of the acousto-optic frequency shifter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional heterodyne velocity measurement apparatus.
The marking indicates that 1-single mode laser, 2-optical fiber isolator, 3-1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter, 4-optical fiber circulator, 5-optical fiber collimator, 6-moving object, 7-first 2 x 1 optical fiber beam combiner, 8-first photoelectric detector, 9-1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter, 10-acousto-optic frequency shifter, 11-second 2 x 1 optical fiber beam combiner and 12-second photoelectric detector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention belongs to an all-fiber Doppler velocity measurement method, and provides a fiber Doppler velocity meter which has no upper speed limit and can distinguish directions by adopting a homodyne method and a heterodyne method for measurement. The signal light and the local oscillator light are subjected to beam combination interference, the size of Doppler frequency shift quantity is obtained by a homodyne method, the signal light and the reference light subjected to frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter are subjected to beam combination interference, the direction is judged by a heterodyne method, and the upper limit of the speed measuring range of an heterodyne method all-fiber Doppler speed measuring technology can be broken through while the speed direction is distinguished.
Example (b): as shown in fig. 1:
a fiber Doppler velocimeter without upper limit of speed capable of distinguishing direction comprises a single mode laser 1, a fiber isolator 2, a 1 x 3 fiber beam splitter 3, a fiber circulator 4, a fiber collimator 5, a moving object 6, a first 2 x 1 fiber beam combiner 7, a first photoelectric detector 8, a 1 x 2 fiber beam splitter 9, an acousto-optic frequency shifter 10, a second 2 x 1 fiber beam combiner 11 and a second photoelectric detector 12; the output end of the single-mode laser 1 is connected to the input end of the optical fiber isolator 2, the output end of the optical fiber isolator 2 is connected to the input end of a 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3 with a splitting ratio of 1.
The continuous single-frequency laser output by the single-mode laser 1 is divided into 3 beams by the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3, the output light of the second output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3 is input to one port of the optical fiber circulator 4, is output to the optical fiber collimator 5 by the two ports of the optical fiber circulator 4, vertically irradiates the surface of a moving object to be detected, is reflected by the moving object, is used as signal light carrying the motion information of the object to be detected, is output from the three ports of the optical fiber circulator 4 and is divided into two beams, one beam is subjected to beam combination interference with the local oscillation light of the first output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3, is detected and received by the second photoelectric detector 12, the other beam is subjected to beam combination interference with the reference light of the frequency shift of the acousto-optic frequency shifter 10 by the third port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3, and is detected and received by the first photoelectric detector 8.
The method for measuring the speed by using the device comprises the following steps: the optical fiber collimator 5 is vertically aligned with the target moving object 6. A continuous single-frequency laser output by a single-mode laser 1 in the device is equally divided into 3 beams by a 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3, wherein one beam is output to one port of an optical fiber circulator 4 from a second output port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3 and is output to an optical fiber collimator 5 from two ports, the surface of a moving target object 6 is vertically irradiated by the optical fiber collimator 5, reflected light serving as signal light carrying motion information of the target object is output from three ports of the optical fiber circulator 4, the signal light output from the three ports is connected with a 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter 9 and is divided into two beams, one beam of frequency shift light and local oscillator light output from a first output port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3 are subjected to heterodyne interference by a second 2 x 1 optical fiber beam combiner 11 and are detected and received by a second photoelectric detector 12, the light output from a third port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter 3 is subjected to frequency shift by an acousto-optic frequency shift 10 and is subjected to heterodyne interference with another beam of frequency shift light output from another beam of the 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter 9 by a first 2 optical fiber beam combiner 8, and is received by a first photoelectric detector 8.
Suppose that the local oscillation frequency of the laser is f o The frequency shift amount of the acousto-optic frequency shifter 10 is f l The frequency of the beam output from the acousto-optic frequency shifter 10 is f 0 +f l The Doppler frequency shift quantity generated by the measured target object is f d The frequency of the output beam of the 4 three ports of the optical fiber circulator is f 0 +f d The light beam output by the local oscillator light and the optical fiber circulator 4 three ports passes through the second 2X 1The optical fiber combiner 11 mixes the frequency and is received by the second photodetector 12, and the frequency shift amount at this time is | f d I, the light beam from the acousto-optic frequency shifter 10 and the outgoing light beam from the three ports of the optical fiber circulator 4 are mixed by the first 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner 7 and then received by the first photodetector 8, where the frequency shift is | f l -f d |。
When the laser beam irradiates the surface of a moving object to be reflected, because the object is in a moving state, the reflected light generates Doppler frequency shift f compared with the incident light according to the Doppler effect d And if the moving speed is v and the included angle between the laser and the moving direction of the object is theta, the Doppler frequency shift quantity of the laser is as follows:
at the photodetector 12, | f can be obtained d I, f can be obtained at the photodetector 8 l -f d L and knowing f l The value of (c). According to theoretical analysis, there are three cases:
1. if f l +|f d |＝|f l -f d I, then f d Is a negative value;
2. if f d |-f l ＝|f l -f d I, then f d Is a positive value and f d Is greater than f l ；
3. If f is l -|f d |＝|f l -f d I, then f d Is a positive value and f d Is less than f l 。
F can be determined by demodulating, analyzing and comparing the two detection signals d And further find the magnitude and direction of the speed.
Another conventional speed measurement method using only heterodyne is shown in FIG. 2, where the frequency f generated from the laser 1 is o The laser beam of (2) is split into two beams by a 1 × 2 fiber splitter 3 after passing through a fiber isolator 2. One beam is vertically aligned with a measured object 6 through an optical fiber circulator 4 and a collimator 5, carries motion information and returns to the collimator 5, and the motion information is due to Doppler effectThe light beam is used as signal light with frequency f o +f d (ii) a The other beam of light is used as reference light after passing through the acousto-optic frequency shifter 10, and the frequency is f o +f l . The reference light and the signal light are mixed by a 2X 1 optical fiber beam combiner and reach a photoelectric detector, and the frequency of the mixed light beam is | f l -f d L. The quantity measured by heterodyne method being the Doppler frequency shift quantity f d And a reference light frequency shift amount f l Difference of | f l -f d From | f |, of l -f d In the formula, | f cannot be obtained d The absolute value of the default Doppler shift amount is smaller than the absolute value of the reference shift amount, i.e. the heterodyne measurement amount is f l -f d From this formula, the value range of the Doppler frequency shift quantity is [ -f ] l ,+f l ]Corresponding to a measurable range of velocity v of
In the two measurement methods described above: when only the traditional heterodyne method is adopted, the measurement range of the Doppler frequency shift quantity is limited by the size of the reference frequency shift quantity; the all-fiber Doppler velocity measurement method provided by the invention based on the heterodyne method and the homodyne method can realize that the velocity measurement range is not limited by the reference frequency shift quantity, thereby realizing the measurement and direction judgment of a larger range of velocity.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a no speed upper limit can distinguish optic fibre doppler velocimeter that is directed, includes single mode laser (1), optical fiber isolator (2), optic fibre circulator (4), optical fiber collimator (5), reputation frequency shifter (10), first 2 x 1 optic fibre beam combiner (7) and first photoelectric detector (8), its characterized in that: the optical fiber coupling device also comprises a 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3), a 1 x 2 optical fiber beam splitter (9), a second 2 x 1 optical fiber beam combiner (11) and a second photoelectric detector (12); the output end of the single-mode laser (1) is connected with the input end of the optical fiber isolator (2), the output end of the optical fiber isolator (2) is connected with the input end of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3), the second output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3) is connected with one port of the optical fiber circulator (4), the two ports of the optical fiber circulator (4) are connected with the optical fiber collimator (5) and aligned to a moving target to be detected, the three ports of the optical fiber circulator (4) are connected with the 1 × 2 optical fiber beam splitter (9), one output port of the 1 × 2 optical fiber beam splitter (9) and the first output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3) are connected with the two input ends of the second 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner (11), the output end of the second 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner (11) is connected with the second photoelectric detector (12), the third output port of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3) is connected with the acousto-optic frequency shifter (10), the output port of the acousto-optic frequency shifter (10) and the other output port of the 1 × 2 optical fiber beam splitter (9) are connected with the first input ends of the first 2 × 1 optical fiber beam combiner (7) and the first optical fiber beam combiner (8).
2. The upper-limit-velocity-free direction-resolvable optical fiber Doppler velocimeter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the continuous single-frequency laser output by the single-mode laser (1) is divided into 3 beams by a 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3), the output light of a second output port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3) is input into one port of an optical fiber circulator (4), and is output to an optical fiber collimator (5) by two ports of the optical fiber circulator (4), the continuous single-frequency laser vertically irradiates the surface of a moving object to be detected, after being reflected by the moving object, the continuous single-frequency laser is taken as signal light to carry the movement information of the object to be detected and is output by three ports of the optical fiber circulator (4) and divided into two beams, wherein one beam is subjected to beam combination interference with local oscillation light of the first output port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3), the signal light is detected and received by a second photoelectric detector (12), the other beam is subjected to beam combination interference with reference light of frequency shift of a third port of the 1 x 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3) through an acousto-optic frequency shifter (10), and the signal light is detected and received by a first photoelectric detector (8).
3. A non-velocity-ceiling resolvable optical fiber doppler velocimeter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the splitting ratio of the 1 × 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3) is 1.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises a step of measuring the velocity of the Doppler velocimeter with a non-velocity-limit sensing optical fiber: the local oscillation light output by the first output port of the 1 multiplied by 3 optical fiber beam splitter (3) and the signal light which is vertically irradiated on the moving object and returns with the moving information perform homodyne interference to obtain the absolute value | f of the Doppler frequency shift quantity d The reference light after frequency shift by the acousto-optic frequency shifter (10) and the signal light returning with motion information after vertically irradiating the moving object are subjected to heterodyne interference to obtain the absolute value | f of the difference between the frequency shift quantity and the Doppler frequency shift quantity of the acousto-optic frequency shifter l -f d L, from | f d L obtaining the magnitude of Doppler frequency shift quantity, combining | f l -f d And l, judging the direction, and further simultaneously obtaining the magnitude and the direction of the speed.
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| CN110412560B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-04-06 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | Microwave Doppler frequency shift measuring system and application thereof |
| CN112147630B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-03-01 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Imaging Doppler velocimeter |
| CN112858713B (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2022-11-15 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Jetted substance measuring method based on low-return-loss semi-suspended Asay membrane probe |
| CN114578095B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2024-04-19 | 中国工程物理研究院计量测试中心 | Calibration device and calibration method for Doppler velocity measurement system |
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| CN106772439A (en) * | 2017-01-06 | 2017-05-31 | 成都盈风智创激光技术有限公司 | The cabin formula LDV technique and its measuring method of many distance layering measurement wind fields |
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| CA2005719A1 (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1991-06-15 | Dieter Hausamann | Method and apparatus for determining the sign of the direction of a particle stream |
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